¿Cómo perciben las orientadoras una educación que incluya la muerte? Un estudio fenomenológico
Autor:
de Miguel Yubero, Victoria
; de la Herrán Gascón, Agustín
; Rodríguez Herrero, Pablo
; Ruiz Ambit, Sandra
Fecha:
2022Palabra clave:
Revista / editorial:
Revista de EducacionTipo de Ítem:
otherDirección web:
https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/Redu/article/view/93570Resumen:
Desde la Pedagogía de la muerte no se ha estudiado la percepción de los orientadores educativos hacia una educación que incluya la muerte, aunque se trate de un fenómeno y de un tema inherente a la vida que, en circunstancias como la actual de pandemia y post pandemia, sature la cotidianeidad y las vidas individuales y colectiva. El objetivo del estudio es conocer las percepciones de los orientadores sobre una educación que incluya la muerte. El diseño es cualitativo descriptivo. Participaron seis orientadoras de centros públicos de educación infantil, primaria, secundaria obligatoria y bachillerato del contexto español. Se realizaron análisis de contenido temático y semántico, apoyado en el índice de Jaccard. Algunos resultados destacados, desde la perspectiva de las orientadoras, fueron: (1) La muerte está asociada a morbo, violencia y deshumanización, por los medios, redes sociales, películas y algunos videojuegos; los conocimientos de partida para la educación son inadecuados. (2) La educación que incluye la muerte se asocia, primariamente, al acompañamiento en el duelo desde la tutoría; reconocen su valor didáctico desde asignaturas, temas transversales y plan de acción tutorial. (3) La educación que incluye la muerte es necesaria, controvertida y difícil. (4) Se require un cambio de perspectiva epistémica: de la salud o intervención psicológica, a la educativa o pedagógica. (5) Se precisa asumir que el protagonismo orientador es de los tutores. (6) La escuela debe diseñar y desarrollar, tanto una enseñanza que incluya la muerte, como planes de acompañamiento educativo en situaciones de duelo, adaptables a los alumnos, como parte del proyecto educativo del centro. La conclusión más relevante es que el aprovechamiento del potencial orientador de la Pedagogía de la muerte, tanto organizativo como didáctico, requiere la formación específica de orientadores, profesores y padres.
Descripción:
School counsellors’ perceptions of death education have not yet been studied in Death Pedagogy, although death is a phenomenon that is inherent in life itself and, in circumstances such as the current pandemic and post-pandemic, can be ubiquitous in everyday experience, both individual and collective. Thus the objective of this study was to ascertain school counsellors’ perceptions of death education. The study design was qualitative and descriptive. Six counsellors working in Spanish state schools at early childhood, primary, secondary and sixth-form levels participated. A content analysis of topics and semantics was performed using the Jaccard index. Some notable views expressed by participants were: (1) death was associated with violence, prurience and dehumanization in the media, social media and some videogames, and hence the current social image of the topic was not suited to educational purposes; (2) death education was associated mainly with tutorial intervention in counselling for bereaved students, although its educational value in curriculum subjects, cross-curricular topics and tutorial action plans was also acknowledged; (3) death education was necessary, though problematic and controversial; (4) a shift of approach was needed, moving from health and psychological intervention towards education and pedagogy; (5) the leading role in counselling and guidance should be taken by tutors; (6) schools should design and implement not only death education but also bereavement counselling plans, adaptable to the student, as a part of the school educational project. The main conclusion was that in order to take advantage of the potential of Death Pedagogy in both organisational and didactic terms, specific training was required for school counsellors, teachers and parents.
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Nombre: 93570-Texto del artículo-330161-1-10-20220329.pdf
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