Trustworthiness of a smile as a function of changes in the eye expression
Autor:
Fernández-Martín, Andrés
; Álvarez-Plaza, Patricia
; Carqué, Laura
; Calvo, Manuel G
Fecha:
11/2017Palabra clave:
Revista / editorial:
PsicothemaTipo de Ítem:
Articulo Revista IndexadaDirección web:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29048304Resumen:
Background: Trusting other people is necessary for satisfactory and
successful social interaction. A person’s perceived trustworthiness is
related to perceived facial happiness. We investigated how trustworthy
someone with a smiling face looks depending on changes in eye
expression. Method: Video-clips of dynamic expressions were presented,
with different combinations of the mouth (smiling vs. neutral) and the eyes
(happy, neutral, surprised, sad, fearful, disgusted, or angry). Participants
judged how happy (happiness task) or trustworthy (trustworthiness task) the
expressers were. Results: Both happiness and trustworthiness judgments
and reaction times varied as a function of small changes from happy to
non-happy eyes in a smiling face, and depending on the specifi c nature
of the eye expression, with angry eyes being particularly detrimental.
Conclusions: Perception of facial happiness is more dependent on the
smiling mouth, whereas trustworthiness relies more on eye expression.
Judgments of untrustworthiness are especially sensitive to incongruence
between the eyes and the mouth.
Descripción:
Antecedentes: confi ar en otras personas es necesario para una
relación satisfactoria. La percepción de confi anza por parte del observador
en otra persona aumenta cuando la cara expresa alegría. Investigamos en
qué medida la confi anza depende de la expresión de los ojos en caras con
una sonrisa. Método: presentamos vídeo-clips de expresiones dinámicas,
con diferentes combinaciones de la expresión en la boca (sonrisa o neutra)
y los ojos (alegres, neutros, de sorpresa, tristeza, miedo, asco y enfado).
Los participantes juzgaban cuán contenta o de fi ar parecía la persona
observada. Resultados: tanto los juicios de alegría como los de confi anza,
y sus tiempos de reacción, variaron en función de pequeños cambios en
los ojos, y de la naturaleza de éstos; los de enfado produjeron las mayores
reducciones en alegría y confi anza. Conclusiones: la percepción de alegría
es más dependiente de una boca sonriente, mientras que la percepción
de confi anza depende más de la expresión en los ojos. La desconfi anza
aumenta especialmente por la incongruencia entre ojos y boca.
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