Evolution of the ageing process, quality of life and physical fitness in western countries

Abstract

It is predicted that life expectancy will raise sharply in future stages, especially in western countries. In fact, life expectancy of developed countries is currently over the age of 70. Aging implies a series of physical, psychological, cognitive and social changes that condition one's self-concept, creating adaptive strategies and the knowledge to maintain one's well-being in spite of the changes. Albeit aging is a natural and inevitable process, the benefits of physical fitness on physical and functional deterioration have been thoroughly confirmed. However, although this information is widely known, the majority of elderly people of these countries execute little practice of physical activity in order to improve their Quality of Life (QoL). In response to this attitude, the aim of this paper is to argue and justify that a healthy aging process is associated with maintained health, physical and cognitive function and social participation. It shows numerous research studies which demonstrate that integrated programs of physical fitness can provide benefits in a number of predictors of QoL, such as physical functioning, physical role, general health and social functioning, self-perceived QoL and mental components. Consequently, we highlight the reasons why The American College of Sport Medicine, The American Heart Association and World Health Organization recommend regular practice of physical activity in order to produce health benefits in the elderly.