Cambios de la composición corporal tras un periodo de desentrenamiento deportivo
Autor:
Alvero-Cruz, José Ramón
; Ronconi, Mauro
; García Romero, Jerónimo C
; Carrillo de Albornoz-Gil, Margarita
; Jiménez, Manuel
; Correas-Gómez, Lorena
; Carnero, Elvis A.
Fecha:
2017Palabra clave:
Revista / editorial:
Nutrición HospitalariaCitación:
Alvero-Cruz, J. R., Ronconi, M., García-Romero, J. C., Carrillo-de-Albornoz-Gil, M., Jiménez López, M., Correas Gómez, L., & Carnero, E. A. (2017). Cambios de la composición corporal tras un periodo de desentrenamiento deportivo. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 34(3), 632-638.Tipo de Ítem:
Articulo Revista IndexadaResumen:
Introducción: la influencia del ejercicio físico en sujetos entrenados tiene efectos beneficiosos en la condición física y la composición corporal. Sin embargo, el desentrenamiento tiene un efecto desfavorable en todas ellas.
Objetivo: el propósito del estudio fue analizar los cambios de la composición corporal después de un periodo de desentrenamiento de seis semanas de duración en dos grupos: uno de 43 jóvenes varones jugadores de fútbol (grupo experimental [GE], n = 43), y un grupo control de escolares no activos de la misma edad (grupo control [GC], n = 10).
Métodos: las variables de composición corporal fueron evaluadas mediante antropometría, para estimar la masa grasa (MG) y la masa muscular
esquelética (MME), y mediciones de bioimpedancia eléctrica, para estimar agua corporal total (ACT), agua extra (AEC) e intracelular (AIC). Las mediciones se realizaron tanto en situación de entrenamiento como de desentrenamiento.
Resultados: tras el desentrenamiento, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el ACT (35,5 ± 5,2 vs.36,7 ± 4,9 kg), el AIC (14,2 ± 1,8 vs. 14,8 ± 1,6 kg) y el AEC (21,5 ± 3,6 vs.22,0 ± 3,4 kg, p < 0,001 para todas las variables), sin existir diferencias en los ratios AEC/ACT (0,4 ± 0,02 vs.0,4 ± 0,02) y AIC/ACT (0,6 ± 0,02 vs.0,597 ± 0,02, ambos p > 0,05). La MG aumentó significativamente (8,6 ± 3,2 vs.8.95 ± 3,1 kg, p < 0,01); sin embargo, la MME no sufrió modificaciones (21,2 ± 2,5 vs.22,22 ± 2,8 kg, p > 0,05).
Conclusiones: el principal resultado de este estudio fue que en un periodo de desentrenamiento de seis semanas se observaron aumentos del ACT y de su distribución en el grupo de jóvenes futbolistas. La importancia fisiológica de esta desadaptación en el rendimiento deportivo tiene que ser analizada en futuros estudios.
Descripción:
Introduction: The influence of exercise in trained subjects has beneficial effects in the physical fitness and body composition; however, detraining has an unfavorable effect in all of them.
Objective: The current study was designed to ascertain the influence of a six week-detraining period on body composition in both well-trained young soccer players (GE, n = 43) and sedentary male adolescents (GC, n = 10).
Methods: Forty-three well-trained soccer players and ten sedentary adolescents accepted to participate in the study. Body composition measurements included fat mass and skeletal muscle mass (SMM), which were estimated by anthropometry. In addition, total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at the end of training and after
detraining periods.
Results: After the six-week-detraining period, significant increments were found in TBW (35.5 ± 5.2 vs. 36.7 ± 4.9 kg; p < 0.001), ICW (14.2 ± 1.8 vs. 14.8 ± 1.6 kg; p < 0.001) and ECW (21.5 ± 3.6 vs. 22.0 ± 3.4 kg; p < 0.001) in soccer players. Conversely, no changes were observed in ECW/TBW (0.4 ± 0.02 vs. 0.4 ± 0.02; p > 0.05) and ICW/TBW (0.6 ± 0.02 vs. 0.597 ± 0.02; p > 0.05) ratios. Finally, fat mass was significantly
increased (8.6 ± 3.2 vs. 8.95 ± 3.1 kg; p < 0.01) in the detrained group. No significant changes were found in SMM (21.2 ± 2.5 vs. 22.22 ± 2.8 kg, p > 0.05).
Conclusions: After a six-week detraining period, body composition changed significantly in well-trained adolescents. The main fi nding of this study was that increments of TBW and water distribution were observed in the soccer group, which reflects an increase of fat free mass compartment. The physiological importance of this miss-adaptation needs to be elucidated in future research. Further studies on this topic are still required to assess its impact on physical performance.
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