The first cases of AIDS in Spain were reported in 1982. Since then over 85,000 persons with AIDS have been cumulated, with 60,000 deaths. Current estimates for people living with HIV are of 145,000, of whom 20% are unaware ...

Background The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) causes the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. As HDV replication requires hepatitis B virus (HBV), HDV screening is limited to HBsAg+ carriers. To date, individuals ...

The major pandemics caused by chronic viral infections is produced by HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV), with estimates of 38, 70, and 250 million people worldwide, respectively (Fig. 1). During the ...

Background Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective agent that only replicates in the presence of the hepatitis B virus. Accordingly, HDV acquisition may occur as superinfection of HBsAg+ carriers or following acute dual ...

Infection with Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1, the first discovered human retrovirus, affects 10-15 millon people worldwide.

In HIV disease, infection is universally followed by chronification, and therefore, recognition of anti-HIV antibodies always reflects HIV persistence.

HDV is a unique defective agent that only infects humans and requires the presence of hepatitis B to complete its life replication cycle within hepatocytes.

Nearly 1 million people become infected every day with any of the four major curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs), namely trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Despite huge global incidence, STIs ...

The current goal of HIV treatment is sustained undetectable plasma viremia.