Los préstamos presuntos como alternativa al ajuste secundario
Autor:
Villellas Ciudad, Cristina
Fecha:
2021Palabra clave:
Revista / editorial:
IustelTipo de Ítem:
articleResumen:
Las transacciones relacionadas representan el 60% de las transacciones mundiales (OCDE 2015). El precio pactado en este tipo de transacciones se denominan precios de transferencia y representan uno de los temas más controvertidos en la internacionalización empresarial. El principio de plena competencia es el criterio fundamental para las transacciones relacionadas. Cuando la administración tributaria identifique que los precios de transferencia no se ajustan a este principio, podría imponer ajustes. En España, este ajuste se realiza considerando transacciones constructivas como un dividendo constructivo o un patrimonio constructivo. Sin embargo, la OCDE (2010) considera una tercera alternativa para implementar este ajuste: los préstamos constructivos. Los miembros de la UE no muestran inclinación por los préstamos constructivos como herramienta para modificar transacciones relacionadas. Sin embargo, los préstamos constructivos ofrecen ventajas fiscales sobre las otras alternativas constructivas. Estas ventajas se refieren a ofrecer un mecanismo armonizado para ajustar transacciones relacionadas, reducir la conflictividad por el ajuste secundario en el entorno de España y promover la restitución patrimonial, entre otras.
Descripción:
Related transactions represent 60% of worldwide transactions (OCDE 2015). The price agreed on this kind of transaction is called transfer pricing and they represent one of the most controversial issues in business internationalization. The arm's length principle is the fundamental criterion for related transactions. When tax administration identified transfer pricing does not fit with this principle, they could impose adjustments. In Spain, this adjustment is carried out by considering constructive transactions such as a constructive dividend or constructive equity. However, OECD (2010) considers a third alternative to implement this adjustment: constructive loans. The EU members show no inclination to constructive loans as a tool to amend related transactions. However, constructive loans offer tax advantages over the other constructive alternatives. These advantages refer to offering a harmonized mechanism for adjusting related transactions, reducing conflict over the secondary adjustment in the Spain environment, and promoting equity restitution, among others.
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