Adaptation of the AIlessphobia Scale in Education in a Sample of Spanish Adolescents

Abstract

The exponential growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has given rise to a new phenomenon: AIlessphobia, the fear of lacking access to AI for educational tasks. To measure this emerging construct, a specific instrument is needed. Therefore, this study aimed to validate a Spanish version of an AIlessphobia assessment scale for adolescents. The research involved 1,905 (49.2% boys) students aged 11-14 from 26 schools (mean age 12.60±0.82 years). Results revealed that 64.4% of participants had used AI applications or websites, primarily for academic purposes. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated adequate fit indices for a two-factor correlated model and sex invariance. The scale showed high item-total correlations, satisfactory factor loadings, and strong reliability indicators. A positive correlation was found between AIlessphobia and nomophobia. No significant sex differences were observed across Secondary Education courses. Scores between 18-22 points per dimension or above 36 points total could indicate problematic levels. The study concludes by discussing practical implications and educational needs.