La Agenda 2030 ante el nuevo desorden internacional

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dc.contributor.authorde la Cruz, Fernando
dc.date2025
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-09T08:48:23Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionThis paper examines the challenges confronting the 2030 Agenda as a guiding framework for the international development cooperation system in a context of deep transformations in international relations. The 2030 Agenda, approved in 2015, represented a milestone in the multidimensional and horizontal vision of international development, integrating social, economic, and environmental dimensions under a comprehensive and participatory approach. This Agenda was conceived within a specific international context, fundamentally sustained by three pillars of the post-Cold War order: United States hegemony, the validity of institutionalized multilateralism, and economic globalization. These pillars provided the necessary political, economic, and institutional framework for a global consensus on sustainable development goals and the strategies to achieve them. However, over the last decade, these fundamental pillars have experienced accelerated erosion. Factors such as the technological acceleration driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the economic and technological rise of China, the resulting trade conflict with the United States, and the generalization of protectionist and industrial policies have substantially transformed the international landscape. This new historical phase is described as a Gramscian “interregnum”, characterized by the crisis of liberal hegemony and the absence of a clearly defined new order. This period is marked by uncertainty, the confrontation of narratives, the hybridization of practices, and the erosion of normative consensuses, which deeply condition the implementation of global agendas like the 2030 Agenda. The paper argues that the international cooperation system is increasingly reflecting these international contradictions. This is leading to a growing instrumentalization of international aid, moving from development-focused logics to those centered on the self-interests of major aid providers, encompassing foreign policy objectives such as financial, commercial, migratory, and security interests. This instrumentalization is particularly evident in two areas: green financing and the securitization of aid. The shift from Billions to Trillions for funding the 2030 Agenda and climate goals has prioritized using Official Development Assistance (ODA) as a catalyst for mobilizing much larger private resources (Foreign Direct Investment, capital markets), often described as the Wall Street Consensus. This approach, while framed within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), risks deepening North-South divides and re-editing neocolonial and mercantilist logics by prioritizing the creation of financial assets and markets over genuine development needs. Concurrently, aid is increasingly being securitized, reoriented towards protecting national interests, particularly in the US (national security, geopolitical competition with China) and the European Union (migration control, strategic security aid, for example Ukraine), adopting a transactional approach where geopolitical considerations outweigh development needs. In the face of this changing and increasingly instrumentalized context, the 2030 Agenda faces significant challenges. First, the erosion of the structural foundations that sustained it requires a minimum reconstruction of international consensuses, norms, and global governance frameworks that reflect the new order. This necessitates an inclusive framework granting greater representation to China and the BRICS, implying reforms of institutions like the United Nations Security Council, World Trade Organization, and international financial institutions. Second, it is crucial to rethink global green development strategies and financing. The current model of green aid instrumentalization, imposing specific transition models and prioritizing donor interests, raises questions about how objectives should be achieved. Aligning international financing with partner countries’ priorities and avoiding tied aid, as highlighted in past effectiveness debates (Paris, Accra, Busan), is crucial. Re-evaluating the model centered on external public funding and international companies is needed, incorporating the role of local public structures and national technological/industrial capacities. In conclusion, the current international context compels the 2030 Agenda to address two central power-related debates: the crisis of the international power configuration that enabled its adoption and the need for a new global governance structure, and the importance of domestic power dynamics in the Global South, particularly in defining development priorities and implementation models, especially for the green transition. How these questions are resolved will be key to determining the survival and relevance of the 2030 Agenda.
dc.description.abstractEste trabajo aborda los retos que enfrenta la Agenda 2030, como marco orientador del sistema de cooperación internacional para el desarrollo, en un contexto de transformación profunda de las relaciones internacionales. En concreto, el trabajo parte del supuesto de que los pilares que sostenían y dotaban de coherencia a la Agenda 2030 se están erosionando de forma acelerada, al tiempo que emergen nuevas dinámicas y actores pujantes, que obligan a repensar el rol y el alcance de la Agenda 2030 en el nuevo escenario internacional. En este marco histórico de interregno, el análisis se centra tanto en los elementos de agencia, como de carácter estructural, que fungen como principales vectores del actual proceso de transformación internacional.
dc.identifier.citationDe la Cruz, F. (2025). La Agenda 2030 ante el nuevo desorden internacional. Relaciones Internacionales, 60, 101-120. https://doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2025.60.004
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2025.60.004
dc.identifier.issn1699-3950
dc.identifier.urihttps://reunir.unir.net/handle/123456789/20585
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherRelaciones Internacionales
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://revistas.uam.es/relacionesinternacionales/article/view/21777
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectAgenda 2030
dc.subjectcooperación internacional
dc.subjectorden internacional
dc.subjectinstrumentalización de la ayuda
dc.subjectcompetición geopolítica
dc.subject2030 Agenda
dc.subjectinternational cooperation
dc.subjectinternational order
dc.subjectaid instrumentalization
dc.subjectgeopolitical competition
dc.titleLa Agenda 2030 ante el nuevo desorden internacional
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
reunir.tag~OPU

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