This paper analysesthe importance fictional cinematakes oninregard to the agrarian problem in Spain concentrating on the film Réquiem por un campesino español(1985), based on the homonymous novel by J. Sender.There is no doubt that cinema is one of the most important representations of people’s collective imagination. The way it shows the past is enormously significant asit demonstrates the way in which a society sees and represents itself. It is obviously important to point outthe relevance that the peasant questionhad throughout the entire first third of the twentieth century until the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. The study of this work reveals the representation of a rural society that also sees how it undergoes a series of important transformations after the establishment of the Second Republic (1931-1936), and the brutal way in which these social tensions end up being resolved as a consequence of Franco's cruelrepression.