This paper pursues three objectives: (1) to identify which IO’s are the most influentialin the current Spanish educational policies; (2) to recognize the challenges identifiedaccording to current Spanish legislation (LOMLOE) on education facing Spanish societyand its educational system in the 21st century; (3) it also seeks to analyze what modelof citizen is aimed to be formed to face the challenges of the 21st. A DocumentaryAnalysis of the Spanish curriculum (0-18 years) has been carried out using MAXQDAAnalytics Pro 2024. The results show that the ‘2030 Agenda’ and the competency-based approach guide the educational in Spain action to face the future challenges.At the same time, it reinforces the position of implementing the competency-basedapproach in the Spanish educational system, as suggested by the European Union’, inorder to face the challenges of the 21st century. Moreover, key challenges identifiedby LOMLOE are misinformation, digital literacy, climate emergency, socioeconomicproblems, and well-being. In conclusion, the close relationship between the economy,education and sustainability is evident. In this way, education is positioned as anessential instrument for achieving the global goals set by these organizations