The advent of antiretroviral therapy has represented a major breakthrough in infectious diseases. The use of HAART prevents HIV disease progression and restores immunity in HIV carriers. In addition, further transmissions ...

Infection with human retroviruses is responsible for global epidemics and significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current global estimates of infected people are 38 million for HIV-1, 1-2 million for HIV-2, 10 ...

The CDC reported 70,237 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2017 (Scholl et al., MMWR 2018; 67: 1419-27). Sadly, this yearly rate has been increasing significantly during the past two decades. Opioids, mostly ...

Background: Whereas HIV-1 has spread globally, HIV-2 is mainly found in West Africa where dual HIV-1/HIV-2 coinfection is nowadays uncommon. Herein, we report the rate, main characteristics, and treatment outcomes of all ...

Introduction Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, so-called occult B infection (OBI), is defined by the recognition of HBV-DNA in the absence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The HBV-DNA genome in OBI is ...

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has hit health-care systems and societies in an unprecedented manner. In 1981, the first cases of AIDS were reported and wide diagnostic ...

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has risen a number of clinical situations where the principles of the medical act, the singularity of the patient-physician relationship and the need for revitalizing the medical vocation ...

Following the advent of penicillin as first widely used antibiotic during World War II, viruses have steadily replaced bacteria as major agents of infections, particularly for microorganisms that can spread globally. Good ...

Africa is the largest endemic area for HTLV-1, with many molecular genotypes. We previously demonstrated that some strains from North Africa (a-NA clade) originated from a recombinant event between Senegalese and West ...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) was isolated in AIDS patients in 1986. Around 1-2 million people are infected worldwide. The virus is less transmissible than HIV-1, being sexual contacts the most frequent route ...