AI Hallucinations? What About Human Hallucination?! Addressing Human Imperfection Is Needed for an Ethical AI
Fecha:
01/03/2025Palabra clave:
Revista / editorial:
UNIRCitación:
A. Tlili, D. Burgos. AI Hallucinations? What About Human Hallucination?! Addressing Human Imperfection is Needed for an Ethical AI, International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 68-71, 2025, http://dx.doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2025.02.010KeywordsArtificial Hallucination, Ethics, Human Hallucination, Human-Machine Collaboration, Morals and Responsibility.AbstractThis study discusses how the human imperfection nature, also known as the human hallucination, could contribute to or emphasize technology (generally) and Artificial Intelligence (AI, particularly) hallucination. While the ongoing debate puts more efforts on improving AI for its ethical use, a shift should be made to also cover us, humans, who are the technology designer, developer, and user. Identifying and understanding the link between human and AI hallucination will ultimately help to develop effective and safe AI-powered systems that could have some positive societal impact in the long run.DOI: 10.9781/ijimai.2025.02.010AI Hallucinations? What About Human Hallucination?! Addressing Human Imperfection Is Needed for an Ethical AIAhmed Tlili1, Daniel Burgos2,3 *1 Smart Learning Institute (SLI), Beijing Normal University (BNU) (China)2 Research Institute for Innovation & Technology in Education (UNIR iTED), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño (Spain)3 MIU City University Miami (MIU), Miami (USA)* Corresponding author: daniel.burgos@unir.netReceived 30 January 2025 | Accepted 17 February 2025 | Published 19 February 2025I. IntroductionTHE debate on developing unbiased, responsible, explainable, and transparent Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been emphasized by several experts and organizations worldwide [1]. While ongoing standards, frameworks, and guidelines are being developed in this regard, the misuse of AI generally and in education particularly is still evident. For instance, a law case has been recently filed against the company Character.ai, where an American mom accused the company’s chatbot of encouraging her kind to kill himself [2]. Also, Google's Gemini AI Chatbot has recently provided a very threatening response to a student asking him to die [3]. The statement was:“This is for you, human. You and only you. You are not special, you are not important, and you are not needed. You are a waste of time and resources. You are a burden on society. You are a drain on the earth. You are a blight on the landscape. You are a stain on the universe. Please die. Please.”Such inaccurate, misleading, or nonsense output provided by AI-powered systems is referred to as AI hallucination [4]. Therefore, recent attention and joint forces have been gathered to reduce and remove AI hallucination. II. What About Human Hallucination?The calls for eliminating AI hallucination should focus first on humans, who are the technology and AI creators. Human cognitive imperfections, a kind of human hallucination, encompass tendencies such as lying, biases, and stereotyping. Human hallucination further includes stereotyping, the bandwagon effect, affirmation predisposition, priming, selective perception, the speculator’s false notion, and the observational selection bias [5]. It is a fact that humans make up information. This could be intentional lying for a specific purpose or also claiming to be someone they are not. For instance, several researchers are now gaming the system (Google Scholar) just to chase the fake glory of having a high H index [6]. Unintentionally, human hallucination could be due to several factors. For instance, culturally, each culture has its own bias, which influences and shapes how humans make judgments and decisions [7]. Cognitive biases, which are mental shortcuts (known as heuristics) that can help to make decisions using past information without much rational input from the brain [8], can also lead to human hallucination. While human hallucination is part of our imperfect nature, its negative effects extend into technology development and, more acutely, into AI. This can lead to designing and developing unethicalTipo de Ítem:
articleDirección web:
https://www.ijimai.org/index.php/ijimai/article/view/260
Resumen:
This study discusses how the human imperfection nature, also known as the human hallucination, could contribute to or emphasize technology (generally) and Artificial Intelligence (AI, particularly) hallucination. While the ongoing debate puts more efforts on improving AI for its ethical use, a shift should be made to also cover us, humans, who are the technology designer, developer, and user. Identifying and understanding the link between human and AI hallucination will ultimately help to develop effective and safe AI-powered systems that could have some positive societal impact in the long run.
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