IoT Node for Monitoring and Traceability of Live Plants in Maritime Transport

Abstract

The work presents an Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring node designed to convert shipping containers into smart greenhouses, thereby optimizing the transportation of live plants over long distances. This node utilizes specialized sensors to measure ambient temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture, and luminosity. Communication is via LoRa for local transmission and a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite infrastructure to ensure global connectivity. The collected data is stored and verified on the IOTA Tangle, ensuring traceability and immutability. Field tests in controlled environments demonstrated measurement accuracy, operational stability under varying environmental conditions, and optimized energy consumption. Additionally, the system is accessible through the Blynk platform, which provides real-time monitoring and customizable alert configurations. The paper also analyzes system costs, scalability, and specific conditions for installation on ships and containers. Limitations, such as dependence on satellite connectivity and structural barriers in maritime environments, are discussed. Finally, future lines of research focused on integrating artificial intelligence, energy optimization and connection with global logistics chains are identified.