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    Cannabis use and nonuse in patients with first-episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing neurocognitive functioning

    Autor: 
    Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Teresa
    ;
    Fernández-Castilla, Belén
    ;
    Barbeito, Sara
    ;
    González-Pinto, Ana
    ;
    Becerra-García, Juan Antonio
    ;
    Calvo, Ana
    Fecha: 
    2020
    Palabra clave: 
    cannabis; first episode; marihuana; neurocognition; psychosis; JCR; Scopus
    Revista / editorial: 
    European Psychiatry
    Tipo de Ítem: 
    Articulo Revista Indexada
    URI: 
    https://reunir.unir.net/handle/123456789/10770
    DOI: 
    https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2019.9
    Dirección web: 
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-psychiatry/article/cannabis-use-and-nonuse-in-patients-with-firstepisode-psychosis-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis-of-studies-comparing-neurocognitive-functioning/38327E1B756BC34832D981DB5E84B3A8
    Open Access
    Resumen:
    Background.The implications of cannabis use in the onset of early psychosis and the severity of psychotic symptoms have resulted in a proliferation of studies on this issue. However, few have examined the effects of cannabis use on the cognitive symptoms of psychosis (i.e., neurocognitive functioning) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the neurocognitive functioning of cannabis users (CU) and nonusers (NU) with FEP.Methods.Of the 110 studies identified through the systematic review of 6 databases, 7 met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 14 independent samples and 78 effect sizes. The total sample included 304 CU with FEP and 369 NU with FEP. The moderator variables were age at first use, duration of use, percentage of males, and age.Results.Effect sizes were not significantly different from zero in any neurocognitive domain when users and NU were compared. Part of the variability in effect sizes was explained by the inclusion of the following moderator variables: (1) frequency of cannabis use (beta = 0.013, F = 7.56, p = 0.017); (2) first-generation antipsychotics (beta = 0.019, F = 34.46, p <= 0.001); and (3) country where the study was carried out (beta = 0.266, t = 2.06, p = 0.043).Conclusions.This meta-analysis indicates that cannabis use is not generally associated with neurocognitive functioning in patients with FEP. However, it highlights the deleterious effect of low doses of cannabis in some patients. It also stresses the importance of the type of antipsychotic prescription and cannabis dose as moderator variables in the neurocognitive functioning of CU with FEP.
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