# Document

type: J
volume: 4
issue: 2
beginPage: 14
endPage: 29
doi: 10.4087/FOUNDATIONREVIEW-D-11-00025
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000408992900001
year: 2012
authors: Randell, NG
title:
Practice, Practice, Practice: Preliminary Findings From an Evidence-Based Practice Funding Initiative at The Peter and Elizabeth C. Tower Foundation


type: J
volume: 53
issue: 1
beginPage: 10
endPage: 17
doi: 10.2478/v10141-011-0018-4
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416634800002
year: 2011
authors: Pereira, R, Osborne, R, Cabral, SIC, da Silva, CAF
title:
The Contribution of Sport as a Means of Inclusion in Discussions of Sustainable Development for Visually Disabled People

docAbstract:
This study investigated how high-performance sport improved the quality of life and facilitated the inclusion of blind athletes in discussions about sustainable development at the Benjamin Constant Institute. It was also revealed that the blind still face discrimination, and that society associates the blind's visual disabilities with their other characteristics.


title: The Green State Parks Initiative: Utilizing Pennsylvania State Parks as a Case Study
type: J
volume: 29
issue: 3
beginPage: 86
endPage: 100
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000442884300007
year: 2011
authors: St Esprit, C, Smith, L
docAbstract:
State parks have long lived under the shadow of national parks, although most Americans have spent more time at these "lesser" recreational areas. In 2009, more than 725 million people visited state parks across the country-more than twice the number who went to national parks (DCNR, 2009b). In some cases, generations have grown up making pilgrimages to their favorite lake on summer weekends, which in all likelihood was developed as a state park. The value of state parks is even more obvious in the eastern United States, because of the lack of federal public lands. The benefits to society as a whole from such natural settings has been well documented and some have argued that visitors to these protected areas develop bonds with these places that extend far beyond the public land management paradigm centered on resource extraction and recreation activities (Davenport, Baker, Leahy, & Anderson, 2010, p. 53). Unfortunately, many state park facilities are experiencing the dual threats of decreased visitation and heavy budget cuts. Nationwide, state park visitation declined by roughly one million annual visitors between 2004 and 2009 (DCNR, 2009b). In Pennsylvania, for example, the number of visitors to the Commonwealth's 117 state park facilities dropped from 36.3 million visitors per year to 34.1 million visitors between 2005 and 2008 (Dysinger, 2010). With state governments facing challenging budget shortfalls, many state park agencies have witnessed severe budget cuts. Pennsylvania's budget for state parks was slashed from $219 million per year in 2008 to $157 million in 2010. These cuts have led to cancelation of environmental education programs, reduction of seasonal staff, and shortened summer seasons (DCNR, 2009b). As park managers struggle with both declining visitor numbers and budget cuts, some help may come from embracing components within the rapidly growing sustainability movement. "Sustainability" and "green" have become worldwide buzzwords. The concept of sustainability has emerged in the past thirty years as a leading framework for understanding economic development, community development, and natural resource management around the world (Schlossberg & Zimmerman, 2003), and state park agencies should not be independent from this movement. By playing a more active role in sustainability, through demonstration projects and education programs, state parks have an opportunity to become more relevant to solving problems that concern Americans today. Embracing methods to conserve energy through green building design or policy changes, and working to develop alternative sources of energy, such as wind and solar projects, also have the added benefit of saving scarce budget dollars. The purpose of this case study was to examine sustainability initiatives that are in place within Pennsylvania state parks. The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR), is currently implementing a number of sustainable building design techniques, alternative and renewable energy projects, sustainable park planning methods, and sustainability education programs and workshops. These initiatives have been used as an attempt to both increase visitation, and to decrease park expenditures. Through these efforts, DCNR has emerged as a leader in the green parks initiative and has become a valuable resource to other state park agencies on how to develop their own sustainability programs (K. Bisbee, personal communication, January 29, 2010). There are numerous ways in which recreation and park facilities can implement sustainability practices to educate visitors on personal practices, encourage visitation to the parks, and decrease the park's operating costs on an already decreased budget.


type: J
volume: 36
issue: 2
beginPage: 141
endPage: 157
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2011.11081315
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453384200004
year: 2011
authors: Darcy, S
title:
Developing Sustainable Approaches to Accessible Accommodation Information Provision: A Foundation for Strategic Knowledge Management

docAbstract:
The research consistently shows that the constraints to accessible accommodation identified by people with disability are firmly grounded in information provision. Information is the foundation on which people make their travel planning decisions and the provision of detailed and accurate accessible accommodation information is critical to the decision-making process for people with disability. To improve upon this current situation, this paper seeks to make the connection between accessible tourism, consumer needs, supply-side perspectives, government regulation/ coordination, sustainability, accessible accommodation information provision and strategic knowledge management. First, demand research is examined to understand the specific constraints identified by consumers with disability and the specific accommodation criteria they seek when planning their trips. Second, the paper presents a summary of the supply-side research that presents the industry perspective on the consumer group and their accessible accommodation stock. Third, as with any tourism market development government regulation and coordination have very important roles to play brokering an industry-wide approach to accessible tourism. While tourism has been predominantly a market-driven sector with government support for infrastructure and marketing, an avenue to improve accessible accommodation information provision can be fostered through their coordination role to offer a more sustainable approach for consumers and the supply sector while progressing human rights outcomes. The paper concludes by presenting a case study of an Accessible Accommodation Assessment Template as a foundation to information provision on which to base a strategic knowledge management framework.


title: The Journey Toward Sustainability Reporting: How Accountable are the Tourism Industries?
type: J
volume: 36
issue: 3
beginPage: 247
endPage: 257
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2011.11081670
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453385600005
year: 2011
authors: Herremans, I, Pyasi, N, Lu, J
docAbstract:
This research investigates the multinational corporate powerhouses in the tourism industries to determine the extent to which they are providing sustainability information to their stakeholders and are accountable for their activities. As well, case studies of the emerging economies of both China and India are included due to their large populations, growing middle classes and the resultant potential future impacts. Our findings show that sustainability reporting in the tourism industries lags behind other industries in all three of our samples. The most accountable sectors overall are Air, Other Transportation, and Accommodations. As well, Casinos frequently provide information on their websites but do not provide full reports. Our research indicates a need for a) tourism sector specific global reporting standards that integrate contextual nuances, b) effective monitoring, and c) partnership building and benchmarking through research.


title: Regulatory pressures affecting the restaurant business's responsible behaviors in Penang, Malaysia
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 3
beginPage: 390
endPage: 400
doi: 10.1080/13032917.2011.634917
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212434500006
year: 2011
authors: Kasim, A, Ismail, A, Issa, AJ
docAbstract:
While the impact of hotel operation on the environment has now been well discussed in the literature, there is not much awareness about the environmental responsibility of restaurant operation on its surroundings. It is also not known if the sector is being pressured to 'green' its operation. This paper investigates the existence and strength of regulatory pressures in relation to restaurant greening within the context of Penang, Malaysia, because it is widely agreed in the literature that regulatory pressure is an important driver for business to change the way they do business. Using qualitative data based on semi-structured interviews of key informants from the restaurants, and various agencies relevant to the sector, it looks at the existence and strength of such pressure. The findings indicate that the restaurant industry does not receive much attention from the authorities in their role of exacerbating degradation of the environment. The situation is attributed to three factors, i.e. 'weak enforcement', 'unfocused environmental effort' by the government and 'poor service attitudes among the government officers'. The paper ends with a discussion on the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.


title: Prospects and Challenges for Tourism Certification in Botswana
type: J
volume: 36
issue: 3
beginPage: 259
endPage: 270
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2011.11081671
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453385600006
year: 2011
authors: Magole, LI, Mbaiwa, JE, Kgathi, DL
docAbstract:
This paper traces the development of tourism certification in Botswana and examines prospects and challenges of successful implementation. A precertification study was conducted that led to the resulting Botswana Ecotourism Certification System (BECS), the main document guiding the implementation of tourism certification in the country. The BECS comprises of seven principles and over 240 performance standards; a Best Practices Manual provided detailed criteria to assist in developing the standards. The system uses a three-tiered structure designed to incorporate various tourism operations and levels of sustainability practices. The extensive groundwork done prior to implementation indicated that tourism certification in Botswana has the potential to facilitate sustainable tourism and ecotourism practices, especially in nature-based tourism areas like the Okavango and Chobe regions. The current implementation emphasis is on the accommodations sector, to be expanded in future-26 tourism companies in the precertification programme went on to register for certification since the BECS programme was launched in January 2010. However, early learnings indicate that limited policies and infrastructure inhibit the provision of necessary sustainability oriented services from other supporting sectors. For instance, municipal waste recycling centers and national policies that promote the use of energy saving devices in destination areas are lacking, but are important to certification outcomes. Despite these challenges, the BECS is comprehensive in vision and scope (it addresses both quality and sustainability), and has the hallmarks of a globally outstanding certification system.


title: Roundtable discussion: applying sustainability legislation to events
type: J
volume: 3
issue: 3
beginPage: 203
endPage: 209
doi: 10.1108/17554211111142167
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214490600004
year: 2011
authors: Paterson, M, Ward, S
docAbstract:
Purpose - Environmental policies and sustainability-focussed legislation has far-reaching impacts across a range of aspects. This article attempts to provide a concise overview of four sustainability-related imperatives, to understand how they apply to event management in practice and the challenges and opportunities these initiatives present within an event industry context. Design/methodology/approach - Event management professionals were asked to discuss four current sustainability agendas by examining how they could apply legislation applicable to water, waste, energy and big society to their planning and delivery of a client's event. Findings - An evident lack of knowledge on sustainability legislation was unearthed along with a resistance to learn about a new and seemingly vast subject matter. Core to successfully applying the legislation to their events were relationships with the client, venue and supplier. These were seen as both an opportunity and a hindrance. Practical implications - The discussion identified practical methods for engaging and educating industry professionals in a way which enables and empowers them rather than overwhelming. It also pointed to changes required of businesses to provide the tools and resource the managers need. Originality/value - This is a valuable tool for event managers starting out on their sustainability journey.


title: Film-Induced Tourism: Benefits and Challenges for Destination Marketing
type: J
volume: 4
issue: 1
beginPage: 44
endPage: 54
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214990100003
year: 2011
authors: Saltik, IA, Cosar, Y, Kozak, M
docAbstract:
This paper aims at a qualitative-based empirical investigation of how TV series influences the economic structure and stimulate the publicity of places where it was filmed and which are about to be considered as a visitor attraction in domestic tourism. In order to reach this objective, we have chosen Bozuyuk, a small town of Mugla and located in the south-west part of Turkey. Within the scope of the field study, three excursions were arranged to the town of Bozuyuk where the series was shot, and an on-site observation was made by witnessing both interviews and shooting of the series. Despite the fact that the importance of shooting a series in the region was not understood by the local people in the beginning, all the participants, whom we made interviews with, empasized the contribution of the series in terms of the local economy and publicity. There are some tradesmen approaching the issue particularly in terms of cost-benefit analysis in the light of environment and sustainability. As in Bozuyuk, TV series and movies could aid to counterbalance the lack of causal advertisements for the promotion of places and become a centre of attraction, as a single product itself or as an integrated multiple product, catering for people who like to take short visits. Choosing such a method has an equal impact of spending million dollars for publicity. A further consequence of this study is that gaining a widespread coverage in domestic media and tourism depends on the power of film producers or directors. (C) 2011 International University College. All rights reserved


title: Sustainable Cultural Events Based on Marketing Segmentation: The Case of Faro Capital of Culture
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 3
beginPage: 91
endPage: 104
doi: 10.25145/j.pasos.2010.08.037
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212564600008
year: 2010
authors: do Valle, PO, Mendes, J, Guerreiro, M
docAbstract:
The city of Faro was designated by the Portuguese government as the 2005 National Capital of Culture. The Faro 2005 National Capital of Culture took place between May and December in several cities of the Algarve region, with most events occurring in Faro. The programme consisted of 185 different performances represented through music, cinema, theatre, ballet and plastic arts. The paper analyses segments of the population that participated in the Faro 2005 event and discusses the relation between the event's success and the degree of satisfaction of the participants. The contribution of the paper lies in pointing to the importance of an adequate marketing approach of large-scale events, such as cultural events, in order to achieve greater audience appeal/impact, in order to ensure sustainability.


type: J
volume: 7
issue: 4
beginPage: 353
endPage: 378
doi: 10.1080/1479053X.2010.520464
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212821600002
year: 2010
authors: Al-Kheder, S, Haddad, N, Jaber, MA, Al-Shawabkeh, Y, Fakhoury, L
title:
Socio-Spatial Planning Problems within Jordan Valley, Jordan: Obstacles to Sustainable Tourism Development

docAbstract:
Jordan Valley represents a distinctive variety of natural and cultural resources. It is considered a major destination for seasonal tourism in Jordan. However, the valley suffers from a serious shortage in urban infrastructure necessary for sustainable tourism development. A field survey is carried out to identify the type and range of such problems in relation to the existing infrastructure system. The survey also examines both the role of local community in tourism development and potential revenues. This study analyses the major aspects of such shortages and their effects on tourism sustainability. The paper attempts to present and discuss 1) the effect of inadequate urban infrastructure (roads, waste disposal, and water supply) on the valley tourism potential and local standards of living that represent a challenge for sustainable cultural tourism and eco-tourism; 2) the role of local communities' involvement in tourism development (e.g. safeguarding heritage sites) and in poverty alleviation mechanisms; 3) the role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) spatial mapping in identifying/analysing the major infrastructure problems and threats in the region, in addition to identifying main heritage assets and related tourism opportunities.


title: The Companion Community: How Car Producers Promote Hybrid Car Consumption
type: J
issue: 17
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000210442100003
year: 2010
authors: Kadirov, D, Varey, R
docAbstract:
The authors distinguish between two kinds of community: consumption and companion communities. It is known that the consumption community encompasses consumers and their interactions in acquiring, using, modifying, and disposing of a specific brand or product category. In contrast, the companion community comprises marketers and their network partners who nurture and enable the consumption community by providing necessary resources such as brands and services, as well as meanings that accompany these brands. Focusing on the particular companion community that promotes and generates meanings for hybrid cars, the authors find that the meaning of sustainability constructed within this community is self-focused: manufacturers contend that they have become "sustainable" because they admit their guilt about acting destructively towards the natural environment and marginally improving the situation. This is a subtle controversy and its implication for consumers is clear. Instead of seeing the hybrid car as the paragon of absolute sustainability and a signal to consume more, consumers should regard it as a monument to industrial wastefulness.


title: FIT THEORY AS IT RELATES TO CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP OF CHARITABLE EVENTS
type: J
volume: 14
issue: 4
beginPage: 145
endPage: 162
doi: 10.3727/154427211X13092645879856
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214357500001
year: 2010
authors: Kim, J, Boo, S
docAbstract:
Sponsor-event fit theory outlines the importance of the level of fit between sponsors and an event. In this present study, sponsor-event fit and other variables will be tested with multiple sponsors of a charitable event. The purpose of this present study is to investigate what affects sponsorship response in regard to charitable events by examining the sponsor-event fit theory. By reviewing the previous literature, hypotheses were developed and tested on 632 respondents employing a mall intercept method. The findings suggest that the sponsor-event fit is the most important variable affecting sponsorship response, and that it also can affect attitude toward sponsorship, which positively impacts sponsorship response as well.


title: Does sustainable tourism offer solutions for the protection of the Amazon rainforest in Suriname?
type: J
volume: 2
issue: 2
beginPage: 192
endPage: 200
doi: 10.1108/17554211011037886
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214482200011
year: 2010
authors: Sijlbing, HA
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the tourism sector in Suriname drawing attention to some key initiatives for conservation and protection of the rainforest in Suriname. The paper also identifies the principal prospects, challenges, and weaknesses that attend both the planning and management of tourism in Suriname. Design/methodology/approach - The paper analyzes and draws evidence from articles, research papers, scholarly publications and official documents and supplements those findings with interviews with key officials and actors in the tourism sector. The paper reflects a balance of multiple perspectives in its investigation of the role of sustainable tourism initiatives in the effort to protect the rainforest of the Amazon region of Suriname. Findings - Surinamehas beenmaking strong efforts to expand themanagement of the area of forest that is under protection despite the increasing encroachments from mining activities. Apart from those challenges on the ground, there are also challenges of an institutional nature in the weak regulations and legislative framework necessary to conserve and protect rainforests through sustainable tourismactivity. Practical implications - As the tourism authorities of Suriname plan to accelerate growth in the tourism sector and to double arrivals within the next three years, the issues addressed in this paper relating to sound rainforest management and most sustainable tourism practices should not escape the attention of tourism planners in Suriname. Originality/value - Suriname promotes itself as "the beating heart of the Amazon." This paper reveals some of the strong sustainability credentials of Suriname that have also received world recognition even as it presents a sobering picture of the clear and present threats to that sustainable future.


type: J
volume: 1
issue: 1
beginPage: 146
endPage: 157
doi: 10.4087/FOUNDATIONREVIEW-D-09-00011
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000408940300012
year: 2009
authors: Aldrich, L, Silva, D, Marable, D, Sandman, E, Abraham, M
title:
Using Community-Based Participatory Evaluation (CBPE) Methods as a Tool to Sustain a Community Health Coalition

docAbstract:
Participatory evaluation has set the standard for cooperation between program evaluators and stakeholders. Coalition evaluation, however, calls for more extensive collaboration with the community at large. Integrating principles of community based participatory research and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Strategic Prevention Framework, which guides much coalition work, into coalition evaluation has proved useful to foster community affiliations and support reciprocal relationship building. The resulting evaluation method, named community based participatory evaluation (CBPE), takes time, money, and skilled personnel but can lead to more accurate results and coalition sustainability. The CBPE method has proved essential in sustaining two substance abuse coalitions in and around Boston: Revere Cares (RC) and The Charlestown Substance Abuse Coalition (CSAC). CBPE can help sustain coalitions by providing a degree of formality, assuring appropriate leadership and membership satisfaction, supporting conflict resolution, and strengthening relationships with external organizations. Broad-based participation allows coalition members greater access to create organizational and community change. Furthermore, it increases the capacity to collaborate because if one person quits the coalition, the affiliation with the organization may still be robust. Challenges to implementing CBPE include the cost, the amount of time required, and the need for a skilled evaluator who is organized, engaged, and knowledgeable about all aspects of coalition work.


title: Opportunity and Obligation: A Role for Outdoor Educators in the Sustainability Revolution
type: J
volume: 1
issue: 2
beginPage: 141
endPage: 149
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000415532300003
year: 2009
authors: Cachelin, A, Paisley, K, Dustin, D
docAbstract:
A primary educational challenge of the 21st century is to inspire students to become socially and ecologically conscientious citizens who are empowered, responsible members of the larger world. Outdoor educators and, in many ways, outdoor recreation as a broader field are well-suited to take the lead in this educational enterprise that requires transcending the dichotomy between people and nature to see ourselves in the Leopoldian tradition as plain members and citizens of a larger community of life. Drawing on the strengths of constructivism as a pedagogical approach, outdoor recreation as a pedagogical context, and the inherent compatibility of the big ideas of ecology and recreation, we assert that outdoor educators, specifically those involved with higher education at the curricular level, have both an opportunity and an obligation to be vanguards of the sustainability revolution.


type: J
volume: 5
issue: 3
beginPage: 203
endPage: 214
doi: 10.1080/14790530802607896
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212812500002
year: 2008
authors: Elgammal, I, Jones, E
title:
Alternative Interpretations: Exceptional Circumstances and the Bluestone Development in Pembrokeshire Coast National Park

docAbstract:
This paper focuses on the debate around the planning application to build a major holiday village in a National Park, an application complicated by the fact that the proposed site straddled the boundaries of two planning authorities driven by very different policy agendas and attitudes towards sustainability which acted as lenses for their interpretation of the term "exceptional circumstances". The situation was further exacerbated by extensive cross-membership of the two planning authorities with elected members from the local authority forming the majority of members on the National Park authority without reciprocal membership from the National Park authority on the local authority. Thus, local authority policies bled across the boundary into the National Park authority. Planning permission was granted and, although its legality was later challenged in court, was subsequently upheld. Through convergent and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders different discursive constructions of the term exceptional circumstances, which enabled stakeholders to rationalise their reactions to the proposal and their subsequent support (or not) for it, crystallised. The paper concludes that for cross-boundary proposals with very different policy drivers each side of the boundary, as is the case for a local authority and a National Park authority, that planning applications must be referred for external, independent scrutiny.


type: J
volume: 13
issue: 3
beginPage: 547
endPage: 556
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438227400002
year: 2007
authors: Curtis, P, Mylonakis, J, Ktenidis, T
title:
TOURISM PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY IN THE ZANTE ISLAND BASED ON THEMATIC ROUTES AND THE USE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

docAbstract:
The unsatisfactory performance of tourism on Zante Island in Greece, expressed by low return on equity capital of hotels of the island, is due to the mass tourism product. The SWOT analysis is used as a tool of strategy analysis of the internal and external environment to describe the present situation of tourism on the island. Results show that the best strategy to achieve and promote competitiveness is to differentiate the product, ameliorate its quality and the use of Information Communication Technology, in order to decrease seasonality, prolong the annual period of tourism operations and connect it to the rest of the economy on the island. The case study of defining thematic routes for tourism in Zante by the local communities is an example of decisive contribution of the product differentiation to sustainable development of rural and less favorite areas.


type: J
volume: 32
issue: 2
beginPage: 57
endPage: 66
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2007.11081277
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453362400007
year: 2007
authors: Polistina, K
title:
Outdoor Leisure and the Sustainability Agenda: Critical Pedagogy on Nee-liberalism and the Employment Obsession in Higher Education

docAbstract:
The economic rationalist values of neo-liberalism are the foundation of our Western social systems and, as authors have noted, the advocates of this ideology believe it to be the panacea for all of our social ills and problems. The success of this ideology, however, is yet to be supported and there is a growing awareness of the myth of neo-liberal capitalist ideals of sustained economic growth. This paper will argue that higher education is a core avenue for critical reflection of neo-liberalism and education for social change towards holistic sustainability and that the current attempts to impose neo-liberalist values through solely vocationally aimed degrees undermines and oppresses this opportunity. The focus of this discussion will look at how outdoor leisure, through outdoor learning degree courses in higher education, may provide a forum for raising awareness and understanding of knowledges on alternative ideologies to neo-liberalism, particularly those with more pro-environmental foundations. In doing so, it is posited that outdoor leisure can be utilized as the mechanism for providing practical opportunities for critical reflection on neo-liberalism, and for education on holistically sustainable social and cultural systems in higher education curricula.


type: J
volume: 10
issue: 1-2
beginPage: 103
endPage: 111
doi: 10.3727/154427206779307268
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213637100011
year: 2006
authors: Scanlon, NL
title:
STAKEHOLDER RESPONSE STRATEGIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF TOURISM DESTINATIONS

docAbstract:
This study addresses climate change impacts on the sustainability of environmental assets and the economic benefits of such to tourism destinations. Representing an increasing percentage of national, regional, and local economics, this impact becomes important measured in tax income, employment rates, and financial multiplier effects. Impact on the sustainability of the environment of a destination and the inconsistent availability of natural resources for recreational purposes is identified in terms of climatic change in Central Europe. This study offers strategies to assist tourism destinations in responding to key issues of climate change; the frequency of unpredictable weather patterns, changing trends in visitor destination selection, and the challenge to deliver a consistent visitor "experience."


title: The City as a Destination: Measuring Its Attractiveness
type: J
volume: 6
issue: 1-2
beginPage: 145
endPage: 157
doi: 10.1300/J452v06n01_08
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435282600008
year: 2005
authors: Petersen, DC
docAbstract:
The findings of this original research provide a methodology that eliminates the subjectivity inherent in prior methods utilized to rank or gauge the capability of a city to attract delegates to conventions of professional associations. These new analytical techniques may also be employed to estimate convention attendee market shares, as well as determine reliable rankings of a destination's "attractiveness" and its financial or economic sustainability. The criteria identified in this study also comprise the "vital signs" for measuring a city's future health. (c) 2004 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 71
beginPage: 428
endPage: 442
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.032
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452815100038
year: 2019
authors: Anastasiadou, C, Vettese, S
title:
"From souvenirs to 3D printed souvenirs". Exploring the capabilities of additive manufacturing technologies in (re)-framing tourist souvenirs

docAbstract:
Souvenirs, whether mass-produced commodities made elsewhere or local artisanal handicrafts, are static objects that lack the capacity to mediate or generate the co-creative, active or immersive experiences that tourists desire. The expansion of additive manufacturing (3D printing) and open access digital fabrication facilities creates opportunities for personalisation, creativity and prosumption that could alter souvenir consumption. Using a qualitative approach, this study examined visitor preferences and managers views on 3D printed souvenirs that were mass-produced but individualised within a heritage retail environment, where the visitors were able to interact with the digital making process. The findings suggest while there is some interest in designing and personalising souvenirs using new technologies, there are also intellectual and ethical challenges which need to be addressed. We propose the 3D printed souvenir as a new type of souvenir and a future research agenda that considers the technology implications for tourist consumption.


title: Assessing progress of tourism sustainability: Developing and validating sustainability indicators
type: J
volume: 71
beginPage: 67
endPage: 83
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.020
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452815100007
year: 2019
authors: Asmelash, AG, Kumar, S
docAbstract:
This study aims at developing and testing comprehensive set of indicators that would help to conduct meaningful assessment of a progress towards sustainable tourism development. Using three-round Delphi Method, participants were requested to evaluate the initial list of indicators based on 6 internationally accepted indicator selection criteria. The unidimentionality, multivariate normality, multicollinearity, construct reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and construct validity were assessed using different tests including Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Among 158 candidate indicators, only 53 were retained, which were found to be free from the problem of multicollinearity (5.466E-04) and have good internal consistency (0.963), convergent validity (AVE > 0.5, CR > 0.9 and SRW > 0.71), discriminant validity (AVE > r2) and construct validity (P = 0.06, RMSEA = 0.071, GFI = 0.895, CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.941, NFI = 0.910, Chisquare/df = 2.016). Therefore, it is recommended that broad-based participation of key stakeholders is highly important to develop good indicators that would help to make informed decision on tourism industry.


title: Minimum wage increase and firm productivity: Evidence from the restaurant industry
type: J
volume: 71
beginPage: 378
endPage: 388
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.029
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452815100034
year: 2019
authors: Kim, HS, Jang, S
docAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of increasing the federal minimum wage on productivity in the restaurant industry. Based on the equity theory and fair-wage hypothesis, this study empirically investigated the relationship between the federal minimum wage and restaurant productivity. The results revealed that increasing the federal minimum wage immediately enhances restaurant productivity for up to two years. The results further indicated that both full-service restaurants and low-wage restaurants benefit from the positive effect, while there is no significant effect on limited-service restaurants and high-wage restaurants. The results suggest that restaurants should cope with minimum wage policies by focusing on implementing initiatives that can maximize enhanced work efforts and productivity. More importantly, the results further highlight that restaurants should consider either continuously raising wage levels or raising them every two years to consistently obtain enhanced motivation and productivity.


title: Visitors' willingness to pay marine conservation fees in Barbados
type: J
volume: 71
beginPage: 315
endPage: 326
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.011
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452815100028
year: 2019
docAbstract:
Human development and dense populations along coastal zones impact the health of coastal and marine ecosystems, which is detrimental to the economic sustainability of tourism. Visitors to Barbados are primarily attracted to the country's coastal and marine resources, making the protection of the marine environment paramount. In developing countries with limited resources for environmental management, who pays the cost of conservation, and the amount, has been the subject of much debate. We apply parametric and non-parametric estimations to investigate the factors driving the willingness of tourists to pay a fee for coastal and marine conservation. The mean willingness to pay ranged from US$36 to US$52 per visit to Barbados. Based on general consensus, we suggest that such a fee if implemented should be paid into a dedicated conservation fund. Furthermore, consideration should be given to charging only non-Caribbean tourists given that regional visitors displayed discontent in paying such fees.

authors:
Lorde, T, Schuhmann, PW, Skeete, R, Waite, R, Bangwayo-Skeete, P, Oxenford, HA, Gill, D, Moore, W, Spencer, F


title: Livelihood sustainability in a rural tourism destination - Hetu Town, Anhui Province, China
type: J
volume: 71
beginPage: 272
endPage: 281
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.019
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452815100024
year: 2019
authors: Su, MM, Wall, G, Wang, YA, Jin, M
docAbstract:
Tourism impacts the livelihoods of destination communities for both good and ill. This study restructures the sustainable livelihood framework to analyze tourism and rural sustenance at Hetu Town, Anhui Province, China. A mixed methods research design is adopted, incorporating a quantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative semi-structured interviews. Data were collected from April 2015 to February 2016. Improvements in livelihood diversity were identified with most residents adopting a multi-activity strategy using synergistic relationships between tourism and other sources of income, thereby enhancing overall livelihood sustainability. However, freedom to engage in new livelihoods varies as those with limited assets are difficult to participate in tourism. An income gap has emerged within the community. Such social risks have not been considered by the local government and are not reflected in local policies. Practical implications are discussed to enhance tourism participation and ensure appropriate benefit sharing with an emphasis on the roles of government.


title: Determination of derived importance of a tourism destination: A comparison of indirect methods
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 4
beginPage: 456
endPage: 475
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2018.1444588
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000454948100007
year: 2019
authors: Deng, JY, Li, J
docAbstract:
Two types of attribute importance, stated and derived, have been studied in marketing and tourism studies using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). Derived importance is thought to have an advantage over stated importance in reducing survey fatigue and social desirability biases, and thus is more predictable to an outcome variable. Derived importance is also used in a Relevance-Determinance Analysis to determine higher-impact core attributes or in an Importance Grid Analysis to explore the asymmetric relationship between attributes and overall satisfaction. Since derived importance is usually estimated through statistical methods, it is necessary to determine which method is the most appropriate. However, few studies have examined the appropriateness of indirect methods. To fill this research void, this paper judges the appropriateness of three statistical methods (i.e. multiple regression, partial correlation, and simple regression) based on data collected from Savannah, GA, using a new approach by which results of derived importance were compared against diagnostic attributes in the "keep up the good work" quadrant of IPA. Diagnostic attributes are attributes with higher stated importance and higher predictability of an outcome variable. Results show that urban forests and cultural heritage are such attributes, and simple regression is the best to infer attribute importance.


type: J
volume: 70
beginPage: 381
endPage: 389
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.08.030
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000448096100043
year: 2019
authors: Martinez-Martinez, A, Cegarra-Navarro, JG, Garcia-Perez, A, Wensley, A
title:
Knowledge agents as drivers of environmental sustainability and business performance in the hospitality sector

docAbstract:
This study examines the role of knowledge agents as key enablers in the process of creating and updating the environmental knowledge base of a firm and, in doing so, having a positive effect on business performance. From the perspective of a hotel as the most important cog in the machinery of the hospitality sector, knowledge agents are those individuals who can provide information and knowledge that enables the firm to deal with environmental issues effectively. The paper describes an empirical, longitudinal study of 87 organisations in the Spanish hospitality industry. The results highlight the importance of the relationship between knowledge agents and environmental knowledge for business performance. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the role of knowledge agents is also relevant for the future management of the environmental knowledge base of a firm within the hospitality sector.


title: Corporate social responsibility in the tourism industry: evidence from seasoned equity offerings
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 1
beginPage: 91
endPage: 106
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2017.1360846
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451133000009
year: 2019
authors: Feng, ZY, Tseng, YJ
docAbstract:
This study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the tourism industry using seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) from 1992 to 2015. We show that tourism SEO issuers engaging in CSR activities experience less negative market reactions to SEO announcements. The findings also reveal that the negative reactions around SEO announcements are significantly lessened for tourism firms with better CSR performance in the context of high information asymmetry, because such activities serve as an ethical commitment to outside investors, and thus align the interests between SEO issuers and outside investors, which eventually mitigates negative market reactions to SEO announcements. Overall, these results indicate that tourism issuers with better CSR performance are able to reduce the agency costs and adverse selection problem for uninformed investors in the process of issuing SEOs.


type: J
volume: 11
issue: 1
beginPage: 121
endPage: 158
doi: 10.1080/19407963.2018.1471481
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000454075000007
year: 2019
authors: Ziakas, V
title:
Issues, patterns and strategies in the development of event portfolios: configuring models, design and policy

docAbstract:
Whilst the use of event portfolios as a multi-purpose policy tool is increasing worldwide, academic attention on this phenomenon remains sparse. In response, the purpose of this review paper is to identify the major issues in the use of portfolios by host communities and destinations aspiring to become eventful and delineate the emergent development patterns and strategies. The paper postulates the core dynamics that can enable capacity-building in event portfolio development and suggests a network framework for setting up a holistic portfolio policy with systemic management properties. This framework provides a theoretical scaffolding to contextualize the first formalized city portfolio strategies. Based on this discussion, four major issues are identified: portfolio configurations, leveraging, sustainability, and community capacity-building. Policy implications are drawn that theorize the surfacing portfolio development models, design logics and strategic approaches. The effects on social structures are considered in terms of how they determine the longevity, legitimation, and institutional embeddedness of event portfolios. The paper proffers that event portfolios represent a multi-dimensional phenomenon and highly versatile policy tool with manifold configurations. Their sustainable growth requires a shift in event-tourism thinking from the hitherto focus on single major events to managing multiple events for achieving multiple purposes.


type: J
volume: 76
beginPage: 45
endPage: 52
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.027
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453493700007
year: 2019
authors: Baum, T
title:
Hospitality employment 2033: A backcasting perspective (invited paper for 'luminaries' special issue of International Journal of Hospitality Management) (H-index and Bio)

docAbstract:
Work in hospitality remain a persistent blemish with respect to one of the world's fast growing economic sectors. Issues are represented across a wide spectrum of indicators and have not changed, in substance, since George Orwell's challenging musings about the social value of such work in 1933. In this paper, we assess the extent to which change can be evidenced with respect to hospitality employment. We employ backcasting methodologies to delineate where hospitality employment should be by 2033. Finally, we map the steps that will be required to get there and, to achieve this, attribute responsibility to key players.


title: Youth and ecotourism: A qualitative exploration
type: J
volume: 19
issue: 1
beginPage: 126
endPage: 131
doi: 10.1177/1467358417704887
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000454073300011
year: 2019
authors: Cini, F, Passafaro, P
docAbstract:
Young people's beliefs concerning ecotourism were investigated in a qualitative study based on the focus group technique. Findings confirmed results of previous research work conducted with both adults and the young populations that had recorded a general lack of knowledge of the nature, aims and characteristics of ecotourism, as well as a lack of awareness of some of its potentialities like, for example, the benefits it could provide to local inhabitants. In addition, new insights were added to the existing literature concerning the characteristics and contents of the image of this tourism phenomenon which appeared to be affected by preconceptions and stereotypes.


title: A sustainable franchisor-franchisee relationship model: Toward the franchise win-win theory
type: J
volume: 76
beginPage: 13
endPage: 24
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.004
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453493700004
year: 2019
authors: Jang, S, Park, K
docAbstract:
In order for a franchise system to obtain long-term sustainability, balancing the benefits between franchisors and franchisees is critically important. In order to expand this area of research, this study reviewed prior franchise literature and then outlined what a healthy franchise system is. Further, this study also proposed a model for sustainable franchisor-franchisee relationships (SFFR), which supports the 'franchise win-win theory.' In developing a model, this study suggested that relationship quality is a vital part of a healthy relationship. This study also identified the three core components of a sustainable franchisor-franchisee relationship (i.e., satisfaction, trust, and commitment), as well as the antecedents and consequences of the relationship. This study conclusively suggested that franchisees are willing to continue their current franchise business only when they are satisfied with a franchisor's fairness, autonomy, formalization, and support.


type: J
volume: 76
beginPage: 83
endPage: 93
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.007
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453493600011
year: 2019
authors: Kim, YJ, Kim, WG, Choi, HM, Phetvaroon, K
title:
The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees' eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance

docAbstract:
The subject of human resource management in hotels' environmentally friendly management remains relatively underexplored. This study examines how to improve employees' eco-friendly behavior and hotels' environmental performance through green human resource management. The findings show that green human resource management enhances employees' organizational commitment, their eco-friendly behavior, and hotels' environmental performance. This study suggests that hotel top management and HR managers should establish green human resource management policies.


type: J
volume: 19
issue: 1
beginPage: 54
endPage: 64
doi: 10.1177/1467358417690436
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000454073300005
year: 2019
authors: Martens, HM, Reiser, D
title:
Analysing the image of Abu Dhabi and Dubai as tourism destinations - The perception of first-time visitors from Germany

docAbstract:
The Middle East is one of the fastest growing tourism regions in the world. Especially Dubai (since the 1980s) and Abu Dhabi (since the 1990s) have invested heavily in tourism development to firstly enhance their recognition as international destinations and secondly to diversify their economies away from the oil production. Surprisingly, there is a lack of academic published articles on those two emirates' international destination image. This paper attempts to fill this gap by studying and comparing the images of Abu Dhabi and Dubai amongst potential first-time visitors from one of their main source markets - Germany. An empirical study amongst 300 respondents from North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany, was conducted to reveal the cognitive image attributes of Dubai and Abu Dhabi for non-visitors. Despite both places having a similar basis for destination development, their images differ. Thus, Abu Dhabi and Dubai are not seen as competitors on the tourism market, instead they could even increase the mutual benefits through highlighting specific images more distinctly. Further, the research identified a missing fit between the desired tourism destination image for both destinations and the perceived destination image. This is especially significant for the aspect of sustainability, which both emirates try to promote. Potential tourists rather perceive both emirates as unsustainable and not environmentally conscious.


type: J
volume: 76
beginPage: 61
endPage: 69
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.009
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453493700009
year: 2019
authors: Moscardo, G
title:
Encouraging hospitality guest engagement in responsible action: Building comprehensive theoretical models to support effective action (invited paper for 'luminaries' special issue of International Journal of Hospitality Management)

docAbstract:
Growing concerns about the state of the global environment and growing awareness of issues related to poverty and economic inequality are putting pressure on both the public and private sector to improve their sustain ability performance. Hospitality businesses are at the frontline of such pressures on leisure and tourism consumption. In response there has been extensive adoption of corporate environmental and social responsibility programs in accommodation and food businesses. These programs need both the support of consumers to pay for theses initiatives and their participation in a range of behaviors. The challenge for hospitality managers is how to encourage this guest participation in corporate responsibility programs. The challenge for hospitality researchers is provide guidance to these managers based on sound research guided by appropriate theory. While researchers have begun to respond to this challenge with increasing studies focused on guest participation, the area as whole suffers from a number of misuses of psychological theory. The paper reviews the available studies focusing on their use and misuse of psychological concepts and theories. It then seeks to address these issues by setting out a dual-processing theoretical framework that links different pathways to desired guest participation to their appropriate concepts and theories. The aim is to provide researchers in this area with a better understanding of the core aspects of psychology relevant to this research area. It is hoped that the use of more appropriate concepts and theories will both improve the quality of research in this area and through this, provide more practical recommendations for hospitality managers.


title: Innovation, sustainable HRM and customer satisfaction
type: J
volume: 76
beginPage: 102
endPage: 110
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.009
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453493600013
year: 2019
authors: Wikhamn, W
docAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to explore how sustainable human resource management (HRM) practices impact the innovation-customer satisfaction relationship in Swedish hotels. Responding hotels were profiled into four groups based on their involvement in two sustainable HR practices. The findings indicate the relationship between innovation and customer satisfaction is dependent on sustainable HR practices in the organization. Although innovation and sustainable HR practices impact customer satisfaction positively, their interaction suggests that the one can substitute the other to achieve superior customer satisfaction. The study concludes that sustainable HR practices enhance a hotel's capability to innovate and to have satisfied customers. The relationship between sustainable HR practices and innovation is discussed.


title: Strategic CSR for airlines: does materiality matter?
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 12
beginPage: 3592
endPage: 3608
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-10-2017-0697
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000450786100004
year: 2018
authors: Lee, S, Kim, B, Ham, S
docAbstract:
Purpose Considering the increasing significance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the corporate world and the mixed findings of the financial implication of CSR investment in the financial economics literature, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between (im)material CSR investment and firm performance and the moderating role of airline type and economic conditions based on the stakeholder theory and institutional pressure argument. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a two-way random-effects model by firm and year along with using clustering coefficient estimation by firm to control for the possibility of inflated standard errors because of autocorrelation across years within a given firm. Findings This study finds that both material and immaterial CSR initiatives do not directly influence firm performance, but airline type and economic conditions do moderate the relationship. In specific, the study found that airlines' investments in material CSR initiatives show an indifferent effect on firm performance between low-cost and full-service carriers and also between non-recessionary and recessionary periods. On the other hand, investments in immaterial CSR initiatives present different impacts on firm performance between low-cost and full-service carriers and between non-recessionary and recessionary periods. In details, the effect is more negative for low-cost carriers and recessionary periods than full-service carriers and non-recessionary periods. Originality/value This is the first empirical investigation of materiality for the airline industry in relation to firm performance using the industry-specific Materiality Map developed by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board. Further, this study incorporates two additional moderators (airline type and economic conditions) to enhance the understanding of the proposed relationships between (im)material CSR and firm performance.


title: What challenges and opportunities will lead to success?
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 6
beginPage: 631
endPage: 634
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-08-2018-0053
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451620300002
year: 2018
authors: Costa, J, Montenegro, M, Gomes, J
docAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to introduce the papers in this issue and explain the pertinence of the strategic question. Design/methodology/approach A brief context for the strategic question is provided, as well as the issue alignment and a content analysis of the papers selected. Findings From the analysis of the papers selected for this theme issue, it becomes clear that tourism has become one of the major players in international economic, social and technological sectors, while representing one of the main income sources for developed and developing countries. Originality/value The papers selected for this issue shed light on an important problem: increasing tourist flows and overtourism at some world top destinations.


title: Challenges and opportunities - lessons from destinations and organizations
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 6
beginPage: 745
endPage: 748
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-08-2018-0057
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451620300017
year: 2018
authors: Costa, J, Montenegro, M, Gomes, J
docAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to critically review the contributions made by the authors of the papers selected for this global trends issue and to present the main lessons for tourist organizations and destinations. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis of the papers presented in this global trends issue was performed so as to identify the most relevant contributions made by authors. Findings Despite the questions and uncertainties about the future of this industry, one thing is certain: if the present world context does not change radically, it will continue to grow. Originality/value A summary of the key ideas in the articles comprising this global trends issue is presented, allowing for the identification of good practices by organizations and destinations.


title: There is a fourth industrial revolution: the digital revolution
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 6
beginPage: 740
endPage: 744
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-07-2018-0044
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451620300016
year: 2018
authors: Loureiro, A
docAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to identify potential issues for the travel and tourism industry, regarding technology in the digital era. Design/methodology/approach Travelport has defined five major themes in this area: big data, hybrid cloud, mobile, artificial intelligence and internet of things. Findings Issues such as personal data privacy, choice of solutions that preserve environmental sustainability, impact of the industry's environmental footprint and growing number of conflict areas around the world mean that ethics comes before business as a benchmark. Originality/value This paper presents the perspective of a global distribution system operator regarding trends and opportunities affecting the travel industry.


title: Challenges to Portuguese tourism - Restelo old man or Cristiano Ronaldo?
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 6
beginPage: 698
endPage: 704
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-07-2018-0046
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451620300010
year: 2018
authors: Machado, P
docAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to consider the state of the art of the tourism sector in Portugal, identifying the main problems and some challenges and solutions for the future. Design/methodology/approach The main political decisions related to tourism were analyzed and related to the sector ' s future performance. Findings Portugal has been elected the best leading destination of the world, but it is important to outline the strategies needed to retain the quality of life of Portuguese residents and to keep and improve the experience of the tourist. This could be achieved by promoting "Portugal as a whole" ("Portugal por Inteiro"), applying policies of cohesion - policies that promote the development of the entire country, from the interior to the coastline, from the north to the south and the islands. Originality/value This paper presents the perspective of the Center of Portugal Tourism Entity (Turismo Centro de Portugal) and how this tourist destination contributes to the national strategies outlined for the coming years.


title: Managing tourism development: a kit for action
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 6
beginPage: 734
endPage: 739
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-07-2018-0051
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451620300015
year: 2018
authors: Pardo, C
docAbstract:
Purpose Tourism impact on the economy is a reality that is going to be around for years to come. However, recognition of the "less positive" effects of tourism means that both private and public sectors need to reach a consensus in trying to mitigate and correct (or avoid) present and potential impacts. The purpose of this paper is to consider the positive aspects of tourism development and the use of technology to help anticipate and correctly manage the added value of tourism impacts. Design/methodology/approach Presents the viewpoint of the author, based on her significant experience as a public and private sectors' manager, thus describing some of the challenges posed by tourism development and suggestions for action. Findings Tourism-related impacts do not "just happen", they are the result of tourism growth and both public and private sectors need to use new solutions, based on tourism intelligence to anticipate threats and explore opportunities. Practical implications Tourism intelligence offers a route to defining strategies to better balance and manage tourism flows and, where necessary, to compensate residents, to reduce the pressures of tourism on popular areas and to mitigate potential tourism damage. Originality/value It is often the case that those who claim that tourism promotes over-use or over-exploitation of natural resources think that reducing tourism is the only possible solution. This paper suggests that tourists can live together with locals without damaging their quality of life.


title: Sustainability as a key driver to address challenges
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 6
beginPage: 662
endPage: 673
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-08-2018-0054
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451620300006
year: 2018
authors: Veiga, C, Santos, MC, Aguas, P, Santos, JAC
docAbstract:
Purpose This study aims to address the paradigm changes currently affecting tourism: the increasingly recognisable signs of irreversible climate change and the consequences of this and overtourism for service providers, destinations and tourists' experiences. A more specific objective was to identify good practices carried out by destinations and companies in different tourism sectors to increase sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The research involved examining the academic, institutional and trade literature to develop an overview of the most important challenges and an accurate portrayal of how innovative and proactive companies and destination managers are addressing these issues. Findings Increased tourism demand has contributed to social and environmental unsustainability in tourism. Although the tourism sector has already implemented sustainable initiatives, an accurate quantification and measurement of these practices' real impacts on global tourism's sustainability is not yet possible. Originality/value This study's value arises from the systematic identification of the implications of climate change and overtourism as major features of a paradigm shift in tourism. This paper also presents a set of good practices to provide tourism stakeholders with more sustainable strategies and inspire these entities to adopt appropriate measures.


type: J
volume: 10
beginPage: 101
endPage: 111
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.06.005
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000454376000010
year: 2018
authors: Avila-Robinson, A, Wakabayashi, N
title:
Changes in the structures and directions of destination management and marketing research: A bibliometric mapping study, 2005-2016

docAbstract:
The growing importance of destinations as loci for change in tourism systems has led to the recent accelerated growth of destination management and marketing (DMM) research. This paper conducts an integrated exploration of the structure and interconnections, and the dynamics of the recent growth of DMM research in terms of research fronts and trajectories. A quantitative, visualization-rich approach is propoed, based on bibliometric mapping networks comprising DMM-relevant articles extracted from 49 tourism journals published from 2005 to 2016. The results reveal a DMM structure consisting of 10 key clusters. Sustainable development, competitiveness of tourist destinations, destination development and innovation, and ICT/social media are found to have rapidly evolved as research fronts, while the more traditional research clusters on destination perception and tourist decision-making have developed more slowly. Significant interactions can be observed between management- and marketing-oriented research domains. At deeper levels of analysis, more diverse research trajectories stand out, including those focusing on destination governance; knowledge and experience-based analytical frameworks; service-related domains; subjective issues such as emotions, attachment, and identity; destination brand equity; and sustainability. The paper also shows that additional value will come from research that integrates up-to-now distant DMM topics. The results of this study can help policymakers, practitioners, and scholars understand the recent progress in, and the major trends shaping, the DMM research agenda.


type: J
volume: 10
beginPage: 132
endPage: 142
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.09.001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000454376000013
year: 2018
authors: Kastenholz, E, Eusebio, C, Carneiro, MJ
title:
Segmenting the rural tourist market by sustainable travel behaviour: Insights from village visitors in Portugal

docAbstract:
Rural tourism may contribute to sustainable destination development but the realisation of this potential depends largely on the type and behaviour of the tourists attracted. Therefore, market knowledge, segmentation studies and management of demand, in accordance with sustainability-yielding territorial development goals, are needed. The present study segments the market of visitors of Portuguese villages using scales reporting environmentally, culturally, socially and economically sustainable travel behaviour. Data was collected through a one-year, on-site survey of 786 village visitors. Responses on sustainability-reflecting items were used in a hierarchical cluster analysis resulting in a three-cluster solution with diverse sustainability-impacting behaviours. One segment reveals higher concern with environmental and cultural heritage, another presents the overall most sustainable behaviours, greatly contributing to sociocultural and economic development, while a third group reports globally less sustainable behaviours. The three clusters also differ on socio-demographics, information sources used, travel behaviour, place attachment, satisfaction and destination loyalty. Interestingly, those showing more sustainable behaviour present higher levels of satisfaction and loyalty. This market knowledge permits an evaluation, selection and targeting of tourist segments yielding more sustainable destination development.


title: No one asks the children, right?
type: J
volume: 66
issue: 4
beginPage: 396
endPage: 410
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000454443800003
year: 2018
docAbstract:
Modern tourism planning and development of a destination should include input from all levels of society, including different age groups and varying interest groups within a local community. However, it is very rare that, in the process of participatory planning, youths and school groups are invited to express their views on development plans or have the opportunity to take an active part in decision-making. In this study, a nonverbal semantic differential was used in order to learn about how children in Slovenian primary schools view tourists and tourism. A sample of students from three primary schools located in developed, semi developed and poorly developed tourist destinations completed an "activity book" containing questions and a methodology for drawing a picture of "tourists", "hosts", and "children's parents' perception of tourists". This study showed that children from regions where tourism is highly developed have significantly different attitudes toward tourists than children living in regions where tourism is not as developed. However, the study also takes a perspective of the importance of sustainability in the tourism offer and how this may affect the views of children & youth in general and in different regions in particular.

authors:
Koscak, M, Colaric-Jakse, LM, Fabjan, D, Kukulj, S, Zaloznik, S, Knezevic, M, O'Rourke, T, Prevolsek, B


type: J
volume: 24
beginPage: 59
endPage: 65
doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2018.08.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000450670200008
year: 2018
authors: Mutana, S, Mukwada, G
title:
Mountain-route tourism and sustainability. A discourse analysis of literature and possible future research

docAbstract:
Travel to mountain destinations has increased considerably over time, resulting in amplified discussions on both the benefits and risks to mountain environments, cultures and communities. This paper illuminates the 'ruptures' and 'silences' in literature to investigate how the current sustainable tourism management discourse influences the practice of tourism in mountainous routes in developing countries. We apply discourse analysis to applicable literature, to unravel beliefs and evidences that currently shape this area of discourse. Peer reviewed, and grey literature was identified through the Pearl Growing Technique from available internet-based databases. The results indicate that most research on mountain-route tourism emphasise the nature and marketing of mountain tourism and impacts of tourism on mountains. We suggest that mountain tourism research should afford more page-space to (1) the use of universally applicable indicators of tourism sustainability in mountainous routes and destinations, (2) approaches for local community involvement in planning mountain route tourism, as well as (3) ways of using mountain route tourism as a tool for poverty reduction. Management Implications: The paper summarises the key aspects characterising the current discourse in sustainable mountain tourism as being; The establishment of tourism routes in mountain communities' avails opportunities for poverty reduction through entrepreneurial activities related to tourism. Sustainable tourism is understood differently from one mountain community to another. Indicators for managing sustainable tourism should be developed in consultation with all concerned stakeholders Mountain environments and cultures are fragile and can suffer extensive negative impacts from tourism. Mountain route managers should device methods of mitigating the negative impacts and maximising the positive impacts. It is imperative when designing a sustainable mountain tourism plan, to involve the local community. Tourism is not a panacea to mountain poverty. Its planning and development should be carried out following sustainable tourism tenets to enhance poverty reduction.


title: Modeling residents' perceptions of tourism development: Linear versus non-linear models
type: J
volume: 10
beginPage: 1
endPage: 9
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.05.007
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000454376000001
year: 2018
authors: Ali, F, Jaafar, M, Rasoolimanesh, SM
docAbstract:
This paper aims to investigate the linearity of the relationship between residents' perceptions of and support for the development of tourism. The links between residents' support for the development of tourism and their perceptions have been investigated across a large number of studies, most of which assume a linear path. The current study found that a non-linear algorithm exists between residents' negative perceptions and their support for tourism development, which in some cases could increase the effectiveness of the existing model. This finding marks a significant and unique theoretical contribution of current study. Additionally, by identifying a non-linear pattern of relationships akin to that seen in vivo, these findings can assist local authorities in managing the support of residents and in promoting the sustainability of tourism development.


title: The effects of corporate social responsibility on firm performance: A stakeholder approach
type: J
volume: 37
beginPage: 89
endPage: 96
doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.10.005
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000450797200010
year: 2018
authors: Yoon, B, Chung, YS
docAbstract:
The primary purpose of this study is to compare the internal and external stakeholder effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on a restaurant firm's financial performance. Two financial measures (i.e., return on asset and Tobin's q) were used to capture a firm's short-term profitability and the market's evaluation of a firm's future profitability. The study found that external CSR enhances a firm's market value but is negatively related to operational profitability. Internal CSR increases a firm's operational profitability but has no effect on a firm's market value. This study examines the stakeholder perspective of CSR, considering a variety of performance indicators, to provide a more in-depth understanding of CSR.


type: J
volume: 69
beginPage: 109
endPage: 120
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.05.012
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441681400011
year: 2018
authors: Zhang, LH, Zhang, JY
title:
Perception of small tourism enterprises in Lao PDR regarding social sustainability under the influence of social network

docAbstract:
This paper uses a generalized structural equation model (GSEM) to examine the relationships between a social network, the perception of social sustainability, and the future business intentions of small tourism enterprises, in the context of a developing country, Lao PDR. The data were derived from 177 such enterprises located in two destinations in 2016. Initiatives in building social networks and the provision of training and employment of local residents are identified as the key determinants of success in social sustainability, while specific attempts to create brands congruent with local culture are also important. Undifferentiated policies, while useful to the business expansion of small tourism enterprises, are less successful in generating local social sustainability.


title: Sustainable attitudes: Protecting tourism with inoculation messages
type: J
volume: 73
beginPage: 26
endPage: 34
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2018.08.006
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000450384000003
year: 2018
authors: Ivanov, B, Dillingham, LL, Parker, KA, Rains, SA, Burchett, M, Geegan, S
docAbstract:
This study explored the potential of inoculation messages to protect the pro-destination attitudes of potential tourists. As this study argues, much research has focused on the promotion of destination images, sustainable tourism, and more recently the impact of Tourism 2.0 (i.e., hyper connected, multidimensional consumer knowledge sharing across social media platforms) on the industry. Yet, little attention has been given to communication strategies designed to pre-emptively protect tourist attitudes from negative online peer reviews. Therefore, via a three-phase experiment the current investigation explored the impact of different (i.e., no message, supportive, and inoculation) communication message strategies on tourist pro-destination attitudes when faced with a negative peer review of the destination on social media. Results indicate that for participants exposed to negative peer reviews presented via social media inoculation messages protected pro-destination attitudes better than other message types.


type: J
volume: 23
beginPage: 1
endPage: 9
doi: 10.1016/j.jhlste.2018.04.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000447433300001
year: 2018
authors: Marvell, A
title:
Student experiences of facilitating knowledge exchange: Developing an understanding of responsible events through blog writing

docAbstract:
To encourage greater awareness of responsible events, a group of final year Events Management students based in a UK Higher Education institution researched a range of contemporary issues affecting the events industry. The results were presented as an interactive online blog to facilitate an exchange of knowledge with peers and event professionals. Although limitations to the approach are identified and discussed, the evidence suggests that this is an effective learning strategy that encourages debate beyond the university classroom and enables a greater awareness of the need to create and manage events responsibly.


type: J
volume: 21
issue: 5
beginPage: 519
endPage: 532
doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2017.12.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000450378600004
year: 2018
authors: Sung, HJ, Mills, BM
title:
Estimation of game-level attendance in major league soccer: Outcome uncertainty and absolute quality considerations

docAbstract:
Despite its continued growth, there are doubts about the sustainability of demand for Major League Soccer, which has a strong focus on superstar externalities through its designated player rules. Yet there is relatively limited research directly focusing on classical determinants of demand for league attendance. The authors set out to establish an estimate of the relative importance of relative quality - outcome uncertainty - and absolute quality in game attendance. They find that fans behave in ways more consistent with the loss aversion hypothesis than the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis, with considerable interest in both home and away team absolute quality. (C) 2017 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Tourism, the environment, and energy policies
type: J
volume: 24
issue: 7
beginPage: 821
endPage: 838
doi: 10.1177/1354816618781458
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000447566200004
year: 2018
authors: Wang, MC, Wang, CS
docAbstract:
This article examines the impact of tourism development on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries by particularly exploring the role of energy markets in the environment-tourism relation. We find that tourism growth raises more CO2 emissions in the future, and that greater CO2 emissions return a lagged and negative impact on tourism development. Our empirical results suggest that an improvement in energy efficiency simultaneously benefits the sustainability of both tourism development and the environment.


title: Effects of corporate social responsibility on employees in the casino industry
type: J
volume: 68
beginPage: 328
endPage: 335
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.03.018
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435428800029
year: 2018
authors: Youn, H, Lee, S, Lee, K
docAbstract:
The current study examines CSR issues in the casino context from employees' perspectives, especially due to the essential role of employees for business success in service industries. This study first investigates the main effect of employees' perceived CSR on organizational commitment, mediated by job satisfaction. This study further explores this mediated relationship by incorporating employees' perceptions of the casino industry as a moderator, based on social identity theory which appears particularly well-suited to support the proposed moderating effect in the casino context due to the industry's controversial nature. The results support the proposed hypotheses, making theoretical and managerial implications, especially with the finding of employees' perceptions of the casino industry as a new and significant moderator. Such finding also makes a managerial contribution by suggesting the importance of creating and/or improving employees' general perceptions about the casino industry which will eventually help to enhance the employees' commitment to their organization.


type: J
volume: 36
issue: 3
beginPage: 63
endPage: 81
doi: 10.18666/JPRA-2018-V36-I3-8341
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441100200005
year: 2018
authors: Andrade, A
title:
Capacity Management and Tourism Distribution Channels: The Case of the Brazilian National Park of Fernando de Noronha, a World Heritage Site

docAbstract:
Fernando de Noronha is an archipelago located in the Northeast Region of Brazil and at the Southern Atlantic Ocean. It is both a national park and a natural World Heritage Site. Since tourism presumes movement of a person from one place to another, for this small island located 360km from the Brazilian coast, the role of distribution channels can be crucial for the development of the destination. Although tourism distribution channels are a growing arca of research, this investigation in developing countries is still emerging and there are very few studies on Brazil. The novelty of this study is the examination of capacity management-understood as the use of carrying capacity which is a tool used by the public sector to manage destinations based on the principles of sustainability-as a factor influencing suppliers' distribution channels. The carrying capacity measures currently in place are: the payment of a conservation fee to gain access to the destination, the limited number of regular flights to the island (and regulated number of seats available), the restricted amount of airlines allowed to provide flights for the island and the controlled number of people that can get to the destination by plane and cruise ships each day. The research took a supply-side perspective, recognising the challenges of both suppliers and intermediaries when selling the destination. A total of 41 in-depth interviews were conducted with suppliers, intermediaries and governmental organisations (local, regional, and central) located at Recife, Natal, and at the destination. A mass-market approach on selling the destination is in place by both the public and the private sector. Results demonstrated that capacity management are having an impact on businesses when selling the destination and on tourists' travel decisions. The capacity management of the destination is influencing suppliers' distribution channels because it causes a lack of flight tickets in the high season, it increases the price for reaching the destination, and consequently it creates a negative image of an expensive destination. As a result, it is making suppliers (especially accommodation providers) be obliged to work with tour operators due to tour operators' practice of holding the transportation tickets to the destination in advance. Thus, stakeholders should think of distribution channels as a key tool to strategically reposition their product for providing sustainable development to the destination. All in all, capacity management must be considered as an external constraint influencing stakeholders' distribution mix choices.


title: Tourist destination marketing: From sustainability myopia to memorable experiences
type: J
volume: 9
beginPage: 36
endPage: 43
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.10.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000436916300004
year: 2018
authors: Font, X, Hanna, P, Searles, C, Weeden, C, Harrison, C
docAbstract:
This study explores the way in which consumers interpret and process the marketing and communication of sustainable forms of tourism in destinations, in order to inform policy makers about the appropriateness of different types of sustainability messages. Through a thematic analysis of focus group data, we explore the ways in which consumers engage with, and respond to, explicit discourses of sustainability in marketing a tourist destination. We find that overt discourses of sustainability are often rejected by consumers, thus suggesting that messages concerned with sustainability should place greater priority upon consumer experience and opportunities afforded by the purchase and consumption of the travel experience (that happens to be sustainable) they can expect at their chosen destination. As such, commitments to sustainability manifest within organisational philosophy and practice should not drive the principle, overt discourse communicated to consumers. Rather, as embedded within product and practice, such messages would have greater power and effect if they occupied a more subliminal position in destination marketing materials.


title: The impact of volunteer tourism on local communities: A managerial perspective
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 5
beginPage: 650
endPage: 659
doi: 10.1002/jtr.2213
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443806900010
year: 2018
authors: Hernandez-Maskivker, G, Lapointe, D, Aquino, R
docAbstract:
Volunteer tourism, as a potential tool for community development and sustainability, has been gaining the attention of researchers for the past decade. However, little empirical research exists about the impact of this activity on the host communities from the managerial point of view. The research, based on a qualitative study of managers' opinions from volunteer tourism organizations' leading programs worldwide, not only emphasizes the impacts of voluntourism but also suggests moving from a top-down style of volunteering to a cocreation process. Contradictions emerge from the discourses of managers regarding the positive, negative, and long-term impacts of voluntourism, and managerial implications are suggested.


type: J
volume: 42
issue: 7
beginPage: 1130
endPage: 1151
doi: 10.1177/1096348017727057
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441720900007
year: 2018
authors: Kang, JW, Namkung, Y
title:
The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Equity and the Moderating Role of Ethical Consumerism: The Case of Starbucks

docAbstract:
This study investigates the effects of customers' perceptions of multidimensional corporate social responsibility (philanthropic, ethical, legal, and economic) on brand equity in the restaurant industry, specifically by examining the case of Starbucks in Korea. Furthermore, this study examines whether consumers with a high degree of ethical consumerism form more positive brand equity perceptions of restaurants than other consumers do. The results showed that ethical, legal, and economic aspects of corporate social responsibility had a significant influence on consumers' perceptions of brand equity, while philanthropic corporate social responsibility did not. The analysis of moderating effects showed that consumers with high levels of ethical consumerism exhibit stronger relationships between economic corporate social responsibility and restaurants' positive brand equity. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.


type: J
volume: 20
issue: 5
beginPage: 626
endPage: 636
doi: 10.1002/jtr.2211
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443806900008
year: 2018
authors: Suntikul, W, Pratt, S, Dorji, U
title:
Economic sustainability? Examining the linkages and leakages between agriculture and hotels in Bhutan

docAbstract:
Bhutan is known for its approach to high-value, low-volume tourism development. Bhutan has been cited as an example of a best case approach to sustainable tourism. However, like other landlocked countries, Bhutan relies heavily on imported goods from neighbouring countries such as India and Thailand, leading to significant economic leakages. This raises the question of how economically sustainable Bhutan's tourism is. This research employs a mixed microeconomic and macroeconomic analysis of linkages and leakages between different sectors in the Bhutanese tourism industry, in particular hotels and agriculture to ascertain the volume and value of these leakages.


title: Conservation Strategies, Protected Areas, and Ecotourism in Costa Rica
type: J
volume: 36
issue: 3
beginPage: 115
endPage: 128
doi: 10.18666/JPRA-2018-V36-I3-8355
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441100200008
year: 2018
authors: Sanchez, RV
docAbstract:
Over the past two decades, ecotourism in Costa Rica has played a meaningful role in the country's economy, mainly in low-income, rural communities. The country's environmental sustainability is discussed in this study. Both pros and cons of ecotourism are outlined based on the experience of three communities settled in the Caribbean region. Institutional environmental policies, private sectors' endeavors, and the participation of the research centers complement the country's framework to position Costa Rica as a leading ecotourism destination. Nevertheless, a greater official commitment is required to meet the very essence of the concept of ecotourism.


title: Evaluating the symbiosis status of tourist towns: The case of Guizhou Province, China
type: J
volume: 72
beginPage: 109
endPage: 125
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2018.07.008
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000442713600010
year: 2018
authors: Yang, CY, Huang, J, Lin, ZB, Zhang, DX, Zhu, Y, Xu, XH, Chen, M
docAbstract:
This study examines the symbiosis status of tourist towns by analyzing the dynamism between two subsystems of tourist town development: the town subsystem and the tourism subsystem. Drawing on the Lotka-Volterra model, we first developed a model for evaluating the status of harmonious symbiosis development for tourist towns, and then formulated a set of indicators to measure the key components in the model. An empirical study applying the model was conducted focusing on 18 tourist towns in Guizhou Province, China. Recommendations were proposed for more harmonious development of the tourist towns. This is among the first tourism studies that adopt the symbiosis systems approach and our proposed model provides fresh insights into tourist town development.


title: Seasonality of tourism: A new decomposition
type: J
volume: 24
issue: 5
beginPage: 615
endPage: 621
doi: 10.1177/1354816618768319
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000439332300008
year: 2018
authors: Duro, JA
docAbstract:
Seasonality is a central problem for the sustainability of tourism in mass destinations. Among the main challenges for academic research are aspects related to its measurement and decomposition. This article proposes a novel way to decompose seasonality by multiplicative factors. Specifically, as an illustrative example, we decompose the seasonal concentration of tourism revenues into three components: revenue per tourist per day, average length of stay and tourist numbers. In addition, the methodology has been applied to Spain as a whole, where the results obtained indicate the predominant and increasing weight of tourist numbers in the recently heightened seasonality. These results suggest some concerns about the seasonality pattern and its impacts.


type: J
volume: 6
issue: 4
beginPage: 477
endPage: 498
doi: 10.1177/2167479517719683
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438061000005
year: 2018
authors: Devlin, M, Sheehan, K
title:
A "Crucial Catch": Examining Responses to NFL Teams' Corporate Social Responsibility Messaging on Facebook

docAbstract:
This study investigated the National Football League's (NFL) communication efforts of its annual Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) campaign, A Crucial Catch, and the subsequent social media engagement from the public. A content analysis was conducted examining how NFL teams communicate their CSR efforts on Facebook using Charity Support Behaviors (CSB) and framing as our guide and then measuring which of these types of social media posts were most effective for increasing positive social media engagement. The extent that each team's season record affected CSR messaging was also examined, underscoring the importance of winning and losing and its effect on social media engagement. The results of this study yield a comprehensive analysis of the types and frequency of messages used to communicate CSR activity on Facebook. Results provide best-practice recommendations for sports organizations using social media to communicate activities to external stakeholders (i.e., fans) that will benefit the cause and increase positive social media engagement (e.g., likes, shares, and comments).


title: The moderating role of CEO narcissism on the relationship between uncertainty avoidance and CSR
type: J
volume: 67
beginPage: 203
endPage: 213
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.01.018
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429754100021
year: 2018
authors: Lee, S, Kim, B, Kang, KH
docAbstract:
With the ever-increasing growth in the number of US multinational restaurant firms, the need for a better understanding of CSR initiatives enacted in those countries is actively gaining in importance. A firm's CSR is influenced by the cultural context of a given society and, according to the upper echelons theory, the characteristics of its corporate executives. However, there was no empirical evidence on the moderating role of CEO narcissism, a common CEO characteristic in many cases, on the national culture CSR relationship. This study finds that a firm with more properties in high-UA societies has less involvement in CSR and that CEO narcissism positively moderates the relationship. The results provide a meaningful empirical addition to the upper echelons literature by demonstrating how CEO traits can serve as a boundary condition in examining the impact of uncertainty avoidance, as a contextual factor, on CSR, as an organizational outcome, in the restaurant industry. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 21
issue: 4
beginPage: 391
endPage: 402
doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2017.08.009
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441854000005
year: 2018
authors: Sartore-Baldwin, ML, McCullough, B
title:
Equity-based sustainability and ecocentric management: Creating more ecologically just sport organization practices

docAbstract:
Recognizing the shared responsibility all entities with a vested interest in keeping the Earth habitable possess, the authors propose ways in which sport organizations can take action by incorporating ecocentric management principles within their organizational practices and thus become more ecologically just. First, by drawing upon the tenets of the systems thinking paradigm and the four levels of thinking model, the underlying beliefs and values guiding current practices within sport organizations are identified. Next, the authors offer a series of propositions to suggest that by adopting an equity-based perspective, recognizing the interdependent relationships between humans and the natural environment, and acknowledging the manner in which sport organizations hinder the opportunities of the natural environment to thrive, sport organizations can contribute to the health of the planet and all of its inhabitants through their own organizational practices. Additionally, sport organizations can also serve as ecologically just exemplars for organizations in other industries to emulate. (C) 2017 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Sustainability of a national arts festival: An application of a data envelopment analysis approach
type: J
volume: 24
issue: 5
beginPage: 576
endPage: 592
doi: 10.1177/1354816618762186
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000439332300006
year: 2018
authors: van Heerden, C, Saayman, M
docAbstract:
With more than 600 annual South African festivals to choose from, the ongoing sustainability of established festivals is uncertain. The rationale of sustainability usually rests on what renewable social, economic and cultural benefits the festival offers the community. However, changing visitor characteristics and economic difficulties putting more strain on the disposable income of households compel organizers and marketers to rethink their strategy in order to ensure the sustainability of festivals. This novel and exploratory study utilized a multistage DEA model to identify the presence of tendencies to overspend and budget mismanagement exhibited by visitors at the Innibos National Arts Festival. By identifying the sources of these inefficiencies, this study was able to formulate a framework that can guide organizers and marketers to develop price discounts or package combos that will ensure greater satisfaction which is a vital contributor to sustainability. The results accentuated the need to tailor these package combos to both male and female attendees, with the emphasis on improving satisfaction by limiting the tendencies to overspend that relate to paying for entrance fees, food and drinks.


type: J
volume: 57
issue: 6
beginPage: 811
endPage: 823
doi: 10.1177/0047287517718352
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000436058800008
year: 2018
authors: Biraglia, A, Gerrath, MHEE, Usrey, B
title:
Examining How Companies' Support of Tourist Attractions Affects Visiting Intentions: The Mediating Role of Perceived Authenticity

docAbstract:
As public funding for the restoration of tourist attractions decreases, assistance is often sought from the private sector in the form of corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, research has yet to understand how such CSR activities impact the beneficiary, namely tourist attractions. Thus, extending past CSR literature, we explore whether differing company CSR motivations can influence a tourists' visiting intentions. The results of two experimental studies show low company altruism (e.g., demanding to acquire naming rights of the site), compared to high company altruism (e.g., demanding nothing in return), decreases visiting intentions. Furthermore, we show that perceived authenticity of the site mediates this effect. Finally, we find the negative effect of low altruistic CSR is mitigated in the case of no heritage. Based on the results, we show tourist attraction managers should be wary of companies displaying nonaltruistic intentions, as such activity may have harmful consequences.


type: J
volume: 18
issue: 3
beginPage: 388
endPage: 399
doi: 10.1177/1467358416666137
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000436074400011
year: 2018
authors: De Chabert-Rios, J, Deale, CS
title:
Taking the local food movement one step further: An exploratory case study of hyper-local restaurants

docAbstract:
The number of restaurateurs owning farms or gardens that supply part of their operations' fresh produce and other food products has increased considerably over the past few years. This phenomenon, termed hyper-local, involves a significant commitment that goes well beyond purchasing local food. Hyper-local restaurateurs take on the tasks of a farmer/gardener, a job that requires a variety of skills and presents numerous challenges. While some research studies have addressed local purchasing, local farm-to-restaurant relationships and decision making, and various consumer issues, very little work has focused on the hyper-local phenomenon. Therefore, this exploratory qualitative study was undertaken to understand the reasons why some restaurateurs are entering the farming business and to learn about the financial, operational, and customer-related benefits and challenges encountered by restaurateurs operating their own farms. A case study approach was used to gather information from three restaurateurs that currently own and operate farms that provide products for their restaurants. The study explores the benefits, rewards, and challenges of these types of operations, their possible financial issues, motivations of the restaurateurs, and issues that could impact the growth potential of this trend.


type: J
volume: 27
beginPage: 91
endPage: 103
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2018.05.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438346500009
year: 2018
authors: Herrera, MRG, Sasidharan, V, Hernandez, JAA, Herrera, LDA
title:
Quality and sustainability of tourism development in Copper Canyon, Mexico: Perceptions of community stakeholders and visitors

docAbstract:
The assessment of tourism development, based on the perspectives and opinions obtained from hosts and visitors could be considered as a basic requirement for the participatory management of destination sustainability. The general objective of this research is to study the contrasted perceptions of tourism development in Copper Canyon Park, according to the opinions of hosts and visitors, with the purpose of evaluating the perceived quality and sustainability of the destination within the context of an implanted territorial tourism development model. In this study, a characterization of the tourism development of Copper Canyon Park was conducted, local public opinion relating to the implanted tourism development model was studied, and perceptions of visitors regarding the destination were analyzed. Utilizing this methodology allowed the identification of compatibilities and incompatibilities, relating to the convergence between the community's perceptions, the visitors' experiences, and the characteristics of the receiving environment.


type: J
volume: 27
beginPage: 22
endPage: 32
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2018.04.001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438346500003
year: 2018
authors: Kantola, S, Uusitalo, M, Nivala, V, Tuulentie, S
title:
Tourism resort users' participation in planning: Testing the public participation geographic information system method in Levi, Finnish Lapland

docAbstract:
It is a challenging task to get tourists involved in tourism planning. In addition, it is often believed that local authorities and tourism companies have an adequate understanding of what tourists prefer or need and how local people's interests can be integrated in tourism planning. Regardless, the tourism business is simply dependent on tourists - whether they want to come to a resort again or not. This article examines how the method of internet-based public participatory geographic information system (PPGIS) serves in gathering tourists' and locals' views about their favourite places at the Levi tourism resort in northern Finland. By using the PPGIS method it was not only possible to find clusters of favourite places, but also several single places of interest. The study revealed technical challenges in using PPGIS software. The quality and usability of the information and the method are discussed in relation to tourism planning.


title: What makes a museum attractive to young people? Evidence from Italy
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 4
beginPage: 508
endPage: 517
doi: 10.1002/jtr.2200
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000437118800009
year: 2018
authors: Manna, R, Palumbo, R
docAbstract:
The museums' ability to attract young people is drawing the increasing interest of scholars and practitioners. However, little is known about the factors that influence the museums' attractiveness to young audience. To fill such a gap, this paper investigates the entire population of Italian museums (N=4.967). A quantile regression model was used, in order to identify the variables that positively affected young people's visits to Italian museums. The research findings suggested that museums should devise tailored strategies to attract young people. Digital tools, interorganizational relationships, and ancillary services were found to be respectively critical for small-sized, medium-sized, and big-sized museums.


title: Changing The Basics: Toward More Use of Quantile Regressions in Hospitality and Tourism Research
type: J
volume: 72
beginPage: 140
endPage: 144
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.009
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435061500015
year: 2018
authors: Assaf, AG, Tsionas, M
docAbstract:
The aim of this paper is to encourage more use of Quantile Regressions (QRs) in hospitality and tourism research. More importantly, we focus on the Bayesian estimation of QRs and discuss its advantages over traditional estimation techniques. We also discuss a Bayesian QR model that accounts for heteroscedasticity. We illustrate the performance of the two models using an interesting application on corporate social responsibility and firm value.


type: J
volume: 66
issue: 2
beginPage: 161
endPage: 176
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000437523600004
year: 2018
authors: Hoppstadius, F, Sandell, K
title:
Tourism - as exploration and demonstration of which sustainable development? The case of a biosphere reserve

docAbstract:
In contrast to traditional nature protection strategies, UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Reserves (BRs) can be seen as a more pronounced perspective that includes nature, culture and sustainable development. Tourism is generally supported in BRs, which also are meant to function as "learning sites of excellence to explore and demonstrate approaches to conservation and sustainable development" (UNESCO, 1996 p. 16). The focus of BRs has centred on environmental sustainability, due to the concept's history in nature preservation. However, like all global concepts, the interpretation of sustainable development in BRs is filtered over time through national, regional and local conditions. Explicit or underlying development strategies are also in place when the concept is applied in practice. It is therefore important to gain a better understanding of how sustainable development is interpreted and how BR stakeholders see the role of tourism over time. It is against this background that a case study was carried out on the Lake Vanern Archipelago BR in Sweden, its tourism aspects and the interpretation of sustainable development. The findings illustrate an ambivalence with regard to which approach to sustainable development is preferred, but there are striking parallels between the evolution of environmental commitment during the 20th century and the changing profile of BRs in general. Further, it can be noted that studying concrete examples of situated cases of sustainable development efforts in terms of biosphere reserves can contribute greatly to the ongoing discussion about which development approaches are seen as more or less sustainable.


type: J
volume: 24
issue: 4
beginPage: 449
endPage: 472
doi: 10.1177/1354816617740065
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432532100005
year: 2018
authors: Lopez-del-Pino, F, Grisolia, JM
title:
Pricing Beach Congestion: An analysis of the introduction of an access fee to the protected island of Lobos (Canary Islands)

docAbstract:
There is a growing need for instruments to control and reduce the impacts of the increasing number of tourists visiting protected natural areas. Among these economic instruments, the use of access fees can have positive effects on enhancing environmental sustainability by reducing the number of visitors. Access fees are also a source of financing the management costs of a protected area. Among the negative impacts of tourism, users of beaches perceive congestion as a factor in reducing the final value of the touristic experience. This article analyses the perception of locals of an access fee to enter the small Canary island of Lobos, a protected natural area with high quality beaches, whose quietness is endangered by an increasing number of visitors, clearly exceeding the current carrying capacity. We approached the problem using different tools: firstly, we looked at visitors' opinions on the website TripAdvisor to identify whether congestion is perceived as a problem; secondly, we carried out an opinion survey using Likert-type scale questions to capture opinions about crowding and pricing; and finally, we used a discrete choice experiment to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for accessing the island and reducing congestion. The results reveal a high degree of perception of congestion and the potential of an entrance fee as an effective tool in reducing that congestion and thus generating resources to cover the maintenance costs of the protected area.


title: Tour guiding at the Great Zimbabwe National Monument
type: J
volume: 66
issue: 2
beginPage: 195
endPage: 207
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000437523600006
year: 2018
authors: Manwa, H
docAbstract:
The study aim was to establish the role of tour guides in tourist experiences at the Great Zimbabwe National Monument. A netnographic analysis was conducted of the written reviews of visitors to Great Zimbabwe National Monument posted on TripAdvisor.com website between January 2015 and December 2016. Of 140 reviews generated, 30 were deemed relevant for the study and analysed in detail using Cohen's and Hu and Wall's frameworks on the roles of tour guides. The results showed that tour guides performed the traditional guiding roles espoused by Cohen. The predominant roles of tour guides were leadership and mediation, where they directed tourists to different sections of the monument. On-site interpretation involved giving factual information on the history of the site and did not promote sustainability in the interpretation of the site. Guests did not interact with local communities nor were local communities' values and association with the site included in the interpretation of the site. Tour guides did not encourage tourists to behave sustainably by practising ecologically sustainable behaviour towards the site. Recruitment of tour guides from local communities is recommended. In addition, new guide training should be introduced in Zimbabwe that equips guides with skills as ecotour guides who could promote the sustainability of heritage sites.


title: Narratives of health and hospitality: Strathpeffer Spa c. 1866-c. 1949
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 2
beginPage: 111
endPage: 135
doi: 10.1386/hosp.8.2.111_1
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435000000001
year: 2018
authors: Thomson, E
docAbstract:
This article examines the history of Strathpeffer Spa (the United Kingdom's most northerly spa) between c. 1860 and c. 1949 using a range of printed primary and archive sources. Drawing upon Hansen's work in business history it demonstrates the value of a cultural and narrative approach as a means of understanding the development of a distinctive hospitality-based community. Strathpeffer Spa was founded for the business of health, with the entire village dependent upon the spa and engaged in the provision of hospitality for those who came to 'take the waters'. From c. 1866 a powerful 'health narrative' dominated the village community. At the heart of this was an emphasis on Strathpeffer as a destination devoted to the requirements of 'health seekers' and 'invalids', and where meeting the needs of this particular clientele was paramount. Hospitality at Strathpeffer was, thus, medicalized into a prolonged health-giving experience, a narrative that was created and sustained by key members of the community, and which became deeply embedded in the fabric and purpose of the village. Although the emphasis on this 'health narrative' proved initially to be successful, in the longer term it became a contributing factor in Strathpeffer Spa's declining fortunes. The value of a narrative approach for understanding the sustainability of hospitality-based communities is discussed.


title: The ISOST index: A tool for studying sustainable tourism
type: J
volume: 8
beginPage: 281
endPage: 289
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.05.005
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000436916000027
year: 2018
authors: Torres-Delgado, A, Palomeque, FL
docAbstract:
This study tackles the primary problems facing sustainable tourism: the absence of any defined limits on sustainability in this sector and the difficulty of measuring sustainability. Based on a system of indicators calculated in municipalities that are representative of the different tourist areas and environments of Catalonia (Spain), the key variables in the study of sustainable local tourism are identified so that they can subsequently be normalised, weighted and aggregated in a single global score: the ISOST index. This index enables the definition of thresholds of sustainable tourism, thereby establishing a destination's level of sustainable tourism. It is a tool that can be applied to the definition of sustainable tourism strategies for the future.


type: J
volume: 32
issue: 3
beginPage: 272
endPage: 294
doi: 10.1123/jsm.2017-0099
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000430458100007
year: 2018
authors: Willem, A, Babiak, K, Thibault, L
title:
Mapping Research on Interorganizational Relationships in Sport Management: Current Landscape and Future Research Prospects

docAbstract:
This article reviewed, synthesized, and analyzed the research published on interorganizational relationships (IORs) in sport and sport-related contexts. In total, 162 articles were analyzed along the dimensions of publication rate and outlet, geographical scope, disciplinary domain, methods used, levels of analysis, setting, and theoretical framing. Results revealed an increased emphasis on composition, structure, and process dimensions of IORs. Overall, the diverse perspectives, questions, and contexts explored not only contributed to the richness of the field, but also underscored a lack of consensus in theories, concepts, and frameworks useful to assess IORs among sport organizations. Based on the gaps found, research prospects are identified including a focus on network and individual levels of analysis, comparative and cross-cultural studies, understanding the impact and outcomes of IORs and their value for innovation and organizational learning, and examining how the interconnected nature of IOR domains affect their success or failure. These are areas in the context of sport that have been largely overlooked but which could make substantial contributions to further understand IORs in sport management and its respective parent disciplines.


type: J
volume: 20
issue: 3
beginPage: 326
endPage: 334
doi: 10.1002/jtr.2184
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000431499400007
year: 2018
authors: Font, X, Shahzalal, M
title:
Influencing altruistic tourist behaviour: Persuasive communication to affect attitudes and self-efficacy beliefs

docAbstract:
This article studies the determinants of altruistic behaviour in a collectivistic country. A focus group discussion identified the determinants and their causal relationships. Partial least square and covariance-based structural equation modelling provide similar results in 605 questionnaires, which support the model's fit. The tourists are likely to perform more altruistic behaviours if they are exposed to persuasive communication that enhances self-efficacy beliefs, more than communication tapping into one's sustainability attitudes. The study shows the potential of focusing on altruistic messages in a collectivistic country (Bangladesh) in comparison to the individualistic messages typically shown to be more persuasive in Western countries.


type: J
volume: 18
issue: 2
beginPage: 131
endPage: 142
doi: 10.1177/1467358416636929
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429968400001
year: 2018
authors: Ali, A, Murphy, HC, Nadkarni, S
title:
Hospitality employers' perceptions of technology for sustainable development: The implications for graduate employability

docAbstract:
This paper investigates hospitality employers' perspectives of two key interdisciplinary subjects, i.e. sustainable development and information technology in the context of hospitality education, particularly graduate employability. A qualitative approach is deployed at this stage of the research with semi-structured interviews conducted with employers of hospitality graduates that represent diverse stakeholders in the industry. Respondents had varying interpretations of the meaning of sustainable development and the role of technology in their businesses. Sustainability is not currently prioritised as a critical employability skill; however, employers clearly appreciate the value of sustainability for their business and recognise how technology might support sustainable development. This is the first effort to investigate employers' perspectives of the interdisciplinary subjects of technology and sustainable development in hospitality management undergraduate education.


type: J
volume: 71
beginPage: 102
endPage: 110
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.11.012
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000430779300012
year: 2018
authors: Hanks, L, Zhang, L, Line, ND
title:
Birds of a feather donate together: Understanding the relationship between the social servicescape and CSR participation

docAbstract:
The concept of the social servicescape has recently gained traction in the hospitality literature as a significant driver of consumption behavior. The purpose of the present research is to extend the framework of the social servicescape to the domain of corporate social responsibility participation. It is proposed that perceptions of similarity in the social servicescape (i.e., the extent to which a customer identifies with others in the consumption environment) can affect restaurant customers' decisions to participate in donation-based CSR programs. Importantly, this relationship is proposed to occur via the mediating effect of place attachment. Based on attachment theory, a framework is developed to test these hypotheses. The findings indicate that perceived similarity in the social servicescape positively influences willingness to donate and that this relationship is mediated by place attachment. Accordingly, this research extends both the social servicescape and CSR literature in the domain of hospitality consumption behavior.


title: Ecological Modernization and the 2014 NHL Sustainability Report
type: J
volume: 35
issue: 1
beginPage: 49
endPage: 57
doi: 10.1123/ssj.2017-0011
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429370100006
year: 2018
authors: Johnson, J, Ali, AE
docAbstract:
In December 2015, the National Hockey League (NHL) was invited to present on a special sport panel showcasing the green leaders of the sport industry, which was hosted as part of the COP 21 United Nations climate change talks in Paris. The NHL has won numerous awards for its environmental initiatives over the last number of years, arguably the most important of which was the release of its 2014 Sustainability Report (SR), where it highlighted its carbon footprint, water and energy use, as well as its numerous environmental projects. Utilizing the concept of ecological modernization (EM), this paper presents a detailed analysis of the NHL SR in order to explore how environmental advocacy, citizenship, and initiative is produced and shaped by the professional sporting industry.


type: J
volume: 32
issue: 2
beginPage: 82
endPage: 95
doi: 10.1123/jsm.2017-0274
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429373100002
year: 2018
authors: Jones, GJ, Wegner, CE, Bunds, KS, Edwards, MB, Bocarro, JN
title:
Examining the Environmental Characteristics of Shared Leadership in a Sport-for-Development Organization

docAbstract:
To promote community development, sport-for-development (SFD) organizations strive to build local leadership that fosters long-term sustainability. Although shared leadership (SL) structures are particularly effective in these settings, there has been limited attention to SL within the SFD context, especially from a multilevel perspective. While previous studies of leadership in sport have primarily focused on the individual traits of leaders, multilevel analysis is required to understand how environmental characteristics relate to leadership development. This qualitative case study analyzes the development and deployment of SL in an American SFD organization. Interviews, observations, and document analysis are used to generate data, and theoretical thematic analysis is used to identify key themes related to the environmental characteristics of SL. Results highlight how environmental characteristics are related to SL, as well as group and task characteristics. The discussion integrates these findings with SL theory to discuss implications for the management of SFD projects in this context, and recommends integrated forms of leadership that combine shared and servant leadership approaches.


title: Blue Skies Over Beijing: Olympics, Environments, and the People's Republic of China
type: J
volume: 35
issue: 1
beginPage: 29
endPage: 38
doi: 10.1123/ssj.2016-0149
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429370100004
year: 2018
authors: McLeod, CM, Pu, HZ, Newman, JI
docAbstract:
During the 2008 Olympic Games, after years of environmental regulations, two months of short-term measures, and opportune weather, Beijing measured a record number of "blue sky days," at the same time reassuring international athletes and journalists the air was safe for competition and Beijing residents. We use this case to understand how environmental objectives are achieved in sport. Using Bruno Latour's object-oriented political ecology, we describe the events leading to, during, and after the Games. We argue environmental objectives are possible when environments are made public; this means environmental objects-such as skies and particulate matter-must be assembled and then articulated or, in other words, brought forward and made capable of speech.


title: Tourism operators' perspectives of environmental supply of guided tours in national parks
type: J
volume: 21
beginPage: 19
endPage: 29
doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2017.11.004
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000428135700003
year: 2018
authors: McNicol, B, Rettie, K
docAbstract:
Environmental supply is a concept that links tourism demand to the sustainability of park offerings of natural features, physical attributes, management initiatives and/or governance policies that influence environmental conservation and protection of ecological and cultural environments. This study presents results of commercial tour operator's perspectives of environmental supply in two highly used Canadian Rocky Mountain national parks. Understanding of environmental supply, from a commercial stakeholder perspective, contributes positively to park management actions regarding commercial visitor activities and behaviours in protected national areas. Tour operators must supply quality visitor experiences while operating within a different policy environment than required by other tourism operators providing guided tours outside of park boundaries. This paper includes the results of a four-stage mixed methodology including one-on-one field interviews and surveys targeting commercial tour guiding businesses operating within Banff and Jasper national parks from 2011 through 2015. Each interview included formal questions, ranging from a description of the types of activities included during tours to actual or perceived limitations placed on operations due to managers' considerations about environmental supply. Results presented are from the final 2015 study, reflecting 17 randomly sampled formal interviews and 41 completed on-line surveys with representatives of tour companies operating within Banff or Jasper national parks; this equates to a useable return rate of 43.6%. Both qualitative and quantitative results are discussed and grouped for presentation. Management implications: Research informs decision making by providing the following: 1. Understanding of how tourism operators perceive their roles and abilities and how these relate to creating a quality visitor experience, a sustainable business and assurance for the conservation of natural resources within a protected park environment; 2. Understanding of the concept of environmental supply and identifying which characteristics of environmental supply are important for guided tour operators who are attempting to meet park environmental management standards while also meeting commercial tourism demands; 3. Identification of possible 'weak links' or informational gaps in a government agency's process-driven approach to managing tours and guided recreational activities in national parks; and 4. Demonstration of the value of social science research in illuminating the link between practice and policy as it relates to tourism and environment for protected areas.


title: Ecological Modernization and the Olympics: The Case of Golf and Rio's "Green" Games
type: J
volume: 35
issue: 1
beginPage: 8
endPage: 16
doi: 10.1123/ssj.2016-0131
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429370100002
year: 2018
authors: Millington, B, Millington, R, Darnell, SC
docAbstract:
Ecological modernization refers to the idea that capitalist-driven scientific and technological advancements can not only attend to the world's pending environmental crises, but even lead to ecological improvement, thus allowing sustainability and consumption to continue in concert. In this paper, we examine ecological modernization at the confluence of environmentalism, international development and global sport. Through an analysis of golf and the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, we argue that golf's return to the Olympic program is illustrative of a post-political approach to environmentalism, whereby ecological modernization is posited as a common-sense response to addressing matters of global climate change.


type: J
volume: 64
beginPage: 202
endPage: 217
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.08.013
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413881800019
year: 2018
authors: Yang, XY
title:
Chinese traditional perceptions of the calendar year: Implications of Jieqi for contemporary product development and sustainability

docAbstract:
This paper explores the implications for climate tourism development that follows the 2016 decision by UNESCO to add a traditional cultural understanding of the annual seasonal changes in Chinese "intangible culture." The calendar year was divided into 24 equal parts (Jieqi) to aid agricultural practices. Thus, each Jieqi was associated with farming, social, and cultural practices. Given a growing concern with the climate in general and a need to adopt environment friendly practices, this paper describes the nature of this traditional pattern of thought. The paper then proceeds to argue that climate tourism products that can create better awareness of man's influences on the environment can be developed based on Chinese heritage and practice. For sustainable development, the knowledge system of 24 Jieqi climate tourism product that promote multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and trans-disciplinary communication has been emphasized in this paper. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 3
beginPage: 471
endPage: 486
doi: 10.1108/JHTT-09-2017-0099
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452703000014
year: 2018
authors: Abu Farha, AK, Al-Kwifi, OS, Ahmed, ZU
title:
Deploying partial least squares to investigate the influence of managerial assumptions on corporate social responsibility in the hotel industry

docAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the interplay between managerial assumptions and institutional corporate social responsibility, and determines how such fit affects performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed and tested a model using survey methodology. The authors' data from 210 hotels located in Qatar and the UAE were analysed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. Findings The results reveal that firms with entrepreneurial, political and professional frame of reference (FoR) engage in institutional corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. In addition, the entrepreneurial and professional FoR enhances the institutional CSR - organisational performance link. Research limitations/implications The findings will help managers to determine the effect of their FoR on their adoption of institutional CSR, thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of their CSR strategy. As the study is exploratory in nature, several limitations have been highlighted and discussed. Originality/value To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the few papers that inspect the relationship between managerial assumptions and institutional CSR and establishes their effect on performance. ???? ?????????????????????????????????? ????/??/?? ??????????, ????????????210???????????????????(PLS)?????? ???? ???????????????????????(FoR), ?????????????????(CSR)??????, ??????????FoR?????CSR-???????? ?????? ??????????FoR??CSR?????, ?????CSR???????????????????, ????????????????? ?????/?? ?????, ??????????, ??????????CSR?????????????????? ??? ????,????,???CSR,????,????,??????? ???? ????


title: Sustainable management practices in UAE hotels
type: J
volume: 12
issue: 4
beginPage: 440
endPage: 466
doi: 10.1108/IJCTHR-10-2017-0100
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000447558300005
year: 2018
authors: Hussain, M, Alameeri, A, Ajmal, MM, Helo, P
docAbstract:
Purpose Sustainability has become an important objective for most organizations, as it is emerging as a competitive necessity. This study aims to develop a framework for the identification, categorization and prioritization of sustainable management practices (SMPs) in the hotel sector. Design/methodology/approach An extensive literature review was conducted to identify SMPs in the service sector, and a survey tool was used to categorize and prioritize the most important practices based on expert opinion. An analytical hierarchical process (AHP) was used to prioritize the main criteria and sub-criteria of SMPs. The study is composed of 8 main criteria and 33 sub-criteria relevant to the hotel sector. Findings It is observed that employee management and government management take top priority under the main criteria, and policy requirements, customer culture and education and training were determined to be the three most relevant sub-criteria as SMPs for hotels in UAE. The results indicate that hotels mostly focus on economic sustainability; however, the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability are ignored in management practices. Research limitations/implications The results are derived from four- and five-star hotels and therefore cannot be generalized. In addition, future research on specific categories of hotels is needed in other countries. The current research model can be also applied in different types of companies in tourism and other sectors. Practical implications Hotel managers should exert greater effort with regard to the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability practices, as they are highly important. Internationally, there has been considerable debate with regard to these issues, and at present, customers are well aware of such social and environmental efforts. Originality/value This study offers original insights into the area of SMP in UAE, especially in the hotel sector.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 8
beginPage: 1362
endPage: 1380
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1449848
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000444569200005
year: 2018
authors: Amerson, A, Parsons, ECM
title:
Evaluating the sustainability of the gray-whale-watching industry along the pacific coast of North America

docAbstract:
This paper reports on the first study to critically examine the sustainability of whale-watching practices along the entire migratory range of a pelagic baleen whale species, the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Commercial boat-based whale-watching operations along the west coast of North America were observed for sustainable practices. Data recorded aboard whale-watching vessels and collected via an online survey were integrated into the Lean Six Sigma quality-improvement tool, in order to review business processes and identify where inefficiency or ineffectiveness exists in specific phases within a process. Whale-watching practices were analyzed using this method for 24 whale-watching companies operating in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The results show a high level of variation in management regimes, and operator non-compliance with guidelines, and highlight avenues to eliminate, revise or reduce inefficiency, and improve practices in the interests of high-quality and sustainable operations. We recommend more specific and operational guidelines that allow operators to focus on high compliance with the most critical aspects of their business operation in order to build the sustainability of commercial tourist interactions with gray whales in their migratory range.


title: More thoughts on core-periphery and tourism: Brexit and the UK Overseas Territories
type: J
volume: 43
issue: 3
beginPage: 289
endPage: 304
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2018.1455015
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435558400002
year: 2018
authors: Amoamo, M
docAbstract:
This article draws on recent debate in Tourism Recreation Research regarding issues of coreperiphery and the sustainability of small island tourism. Using the context of Brexit it is concerned with the core-periphery relationship inasmuch Brexit affects subnational island jurisdictions (SNIJ) on a number of fronts including trade, financial aid, access and mobility, identity and tourism. Framed within a postcolonial lens the paper extends the notion 'decolonizing without disengaging' to argue for a 'revisionary core-periphery' approach in which periphery becomes re-inscribed by a substantial political shift (Brexit) that inverts, or reimagines peripheral islands as sites of reciprocal power projection. As such, the longstanding coreperiphery narrative surrounding small island development is revised in an analysis of Britain's 14 Overseas Territories including a case study of Pitcairn Island. The paper makes a conceptual and empirical contribution to existing knowledge within tourism studies generally, and more particularly in its study of SNIJ as places of differentiated development processes.


title: Sustainability in coastal tourism development: an example from Denmark
type: J
volume: 21
issue: 12
beginPage: 1329
endPage: 1336
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2016.1272557
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000434683100001
year: 2018
authors: Andersen, IMV, Blichfeldt, BS, Liburd, JJ
docAbstract:
Denmark's coastlines have been protected from tourism development and construction for more than 80 years. In 2014, the Danish politicians opened up for softer regulation of the coastlines and invited proposals for tourism development projects within the hitherto protected coastal zone. The call explicitly requested nominations for sustainable tourism projects. A comparison between academic sustainability discourse and the approved projects suggests that tourism actors do not address sustainable tourism development as a holistic concept. Long-term perspectives are largely absent, whereas economic benefits are emphasized. Key findings also indicate weak political leadership in the envisaged transfer towards sustainable tourism development.


type: J
volume: 30
issue: 3
beginPage: 1920
endPage: 1938
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-03-2016-0173
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000431030300036
year: 2018
authors: Angel, K, Menendez-Plans, C, Orgaz-Guerrero, N
title:
Risk management: comparative analysis of systematic risk and effect of the financial crisis on US tourism industry Panel data research

docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to study the connection between the systematic equity risk of US tourism industry companies and a set of information from inside these firms and the market. The authors sought to identify which information explains equity risk to estimate patterns of behavior - especially for those companies that cannot have a beta - in terms of the cost of share capital. Design/methodology/approach - To carry out the research, the authors used a panel data technique and combined accounting information from the selected companies with macroeconomic information to develop independent variables. The sample consisted of 79 firms of the arts, entertainment and recreation and accommodation and food services sectors in the USA for 2004-2013. The authors incorporated two dummy variables into the analyses. The first one was used to find out if a difference exists between the two sectors, and the other was used to examine differences before and after 2008, when the current economic and financial crisis began. Findings - The results reveal that equity risk is explained by businesses' size and growth, along with three indicators of business efficiency, consumer price and Stoxx Europe 50 indices. The 2008 financial crisis did not alter the behavior of the estimated model, and no difference was found between the two sectors in question. Research limitations/implications - The study's most important limitation is the number of companies and years that make up the sample, although a broader set of data was analyzed in this work compared to previous studies. Practical implications - The research results are quite useful to tourism enterprise management in the US market as they provide information that explains companies' equity risk. Knowing this information could facilitate more efficient management, and an understanding of which information determines company risk can help to quantify risk objectively without access to betas. Originality/value - The authors studied the US market as an important financial market and the tourist industry, in particular, for its economic significance, as shown by the direct contribution of travel and tourism to the US gross domestic product. Although this type of research in the tourism sector is not new, the present study answers the need identified by Park and Jang (2014) to continue this line of research by using a more interdisciplinary approach that combines hospitality research with finance and/or accounting studies.


title: The relationship between cultural tourist behaviour and destination sustainability
type: J
volume: 29
issue: 2
beginPage: 237
endPage: 251
doi: 10.1080/13032917.2017.1414444
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000439048100007
year: 2018
authors: Artal-Tur, A, Villena-Navarro, M, Alama-Sabater, L
docAbstract:
Tourism based on cultural issues is growing fast in recent years. This type of tourism promotes the diversification of demand and supply at destinations, while keeping and valuing the local culture. Improving our knowledge on cultural tourism could help to foster the sustainability of destinations. Despite efforts devoted to define the "cultural tourist", still little is known about her/his particular behaviour. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, identifying the profile of cultural tourists versus visitors not pursuing any cultural activity. Second, and building on econometric modelling, comparing the behaviour of these two groups in terms of factors influencing expenditure and trip satisfaction. All these findings are putted in context regarding the literature on tourism sustainability.


title: The ecotourism metaphor and environmental sustainability in Kenya
type: J
volume: 18
issue: 1
beginPage: 49
endPage: 60
doi: 10.1177/1467358415619671
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000418666200005
year: 2018
authors: Atieno, L, Njoroge, JM
docAbstract:
While to some extent there is disharmony in defining the term ecotourism, most tourism research agrees that the eco prefix is a definite pointer to environmental or natural resource management as a core value to the concept. However, the inherent gap between theoretical conceptualization of ecotourism as green practice expected to address adverse outcomes of conventional tourism and actual environmental impacts of this form of tourism raises the question of whether or not ecotourism in practice complies more closely with its defining criteria. In this regard, this article explores the term ecotourism as a metaphor for pro environmental behavior, uncovering its derivatives as constructed by tourism players in Kenya. The study covered five focal areas for ecotourism identified by the Ecotourism Society of Kenya, analyzing excerpts from hypertexts that operate at the supply side of tourism to read motivations for references to the term. The readings were then compared to The International Ecotourism Society definition of ecotourism which was taken as a neutral position. The findings revealed that environmental sustainability was an insignificant concern, as compared to product promotion and corporate image in informing the concept of ecotourism in focal areas. Consequently, the eco prefix metaphor in tourism is informed by economic and social logics, serving stakeholders other interests. The authors recommend a revisit to the practical basis of the concept for actors in ecotourism focal areas, with keen considerations to linguistic adequacies of the term's use.


title: Climate change denial: vulnerability and costs for Florida's coastal destinations
type: J
volume: 1
issue: 2
beginPage: 137
endPage: 149
doi: 10.1108/JHTI-10-2017-0004
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000445489500003
year: 2018
authors: Fyall, A, Atzori, R
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the vulnerability of Florida's coastal destinations to climate change and the costs of the adaptation measures required to cope with the impacts of climate change in a range of current and future scenarios. Design/methodology/approach - The paper illustrates a range of current and projected climate change scenarios in Florida, the challenges the state is already experiencing in dealing with the impacts of climate change and some of the measures adopted to date in three particularly vulnerable coastal destinations, namely Fort Lauderdale, Miami Beach and Sarasota. Findings - Although tourism is the number one industry in Florida, the state holds a particularly vulnerable position with respect to climate change. The vacuum of political will to address these issues at the state level is thus of particular concern given the vulnerable position of Florida's coastal areas. With nearly 10 percent of its land area lying at less than one meter above the present sea level, adaptation is especially urgent in Florida. The local government of Florida's cities such as Fort Lauderdale, Miami Beach and Sarasota are not willing to surrender to sea level rise (SLR). However, without a strong political will to address climate change at the state and federal levels, the costs of adapting to an escalating SLR are becoming progressively unsustainable. Originality/value - This illustrative case study paper provides a contemporary synthesis of the implications for Florida's coastal tourism destinations of rising sea levels and those adaptation strategies deemed appropriate in the search for their longer-term sustainability.


title: Sustainable urban tourism success factors and the economic performance of small tourism enterprises
type: J
volume: 23
issue: 10
beginPage: 975
endPage: 988
doi: 10.1080/10941665.2018.1513049
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443841200004
year: 2018
authors: Aydin, B, Emeksiz, M
docAbstract:
The aim of this study is to introduce the relationship between sustainable urban tourism success factors and the economic performance of small tourism enterprises (STEs). The related data was obtained from 330 STEs business owners/managers in Eskisehir (Turkey). To determine the dimensions Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used for verifying these dimensions. Structural Equation Modelling was applied in order to introduce the relation which is foreseen. As a result of the analysis, seven dimensions of urban tourism success factors and two dimensions of the economic performance of STEs have been determined and a significant relation was found between them. These findings provide an insight to literature and new directions and suggestions for local governments, regional marketing organizations and business managers on how tourism development and sustainability can be achieved in urban areas.


title: How to cope with dissonant heritage: a way towards sustainable tourism development
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 8
beginPage: 1417
endPage: 1436
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1458856
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000444569200008
year: 2018
authors: Battilani, P, Bernini, C, Mariotti, A
docAbstract:
The UNESCO World Summit at Johannesburg in 2002, can be considered a watershed moment for promoting cultural diversity and defining cultural sustainability. Involving community residents is often regarded as best practice when fostering sustainability, though dissonant heritage problems may arise. We connect the issue of dissonance with contrasting interpretations of the past, specifically in the context of promoting heritage places linked to ideologies that are contrary to the principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We focus on buildings constructed during the interwar years in Predappio and Forli, which are closely tied to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, and now represent an ambivalent and largely unwanted past. Using a LISREL (Linear Structural Relations) model to analyse residents' attitude towards tourism around these dissonant heritage sites, we show that without a proper cultural policy as the creation of the European cultural route named ATRIUM (Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes of the 20th Century in Europe's Urban Memory Route), residents view tourism unfavourably, rendering it unsustainable.


title: Exploring the potential of an air transport eco-label
type: J
volume: 18
beginPage: 57
endPage: 74
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000431189900004
year: 2018
authors: Baumeister, S, Onkila, T
docAbstract:
Air transport plays a vital role in tourism because it makes long-haul destinations accessible and more frequent vacations possible. Despite its benefits, air travel extensively contributes to climate change. Behavioural change is seen as a key driver in mitigating the environmental impacts of air transport. One way to encourage behavioural change is the use of eco-labels. This paper presents the idea of introducing an air transport eco-label. It explores the idea's potential and realization through the thematic analysis of 12 interviews with airline industry experts. The results indicated a need for an air transport eco-label. It could help build awareness among air travellers by providing them with environmental information during booking, thereby making flights environmentally comparable. This would also stimulate more competition between airlines, motivating them to improve their environmental performance and creating competitive advantage for those performing better. Finally, the study found that there should be only one eco-label, which should be compulsory for all commercial flights. It should be introduced by an independent authority in order to ensure credibility and trustworthiness. This study could be a first step towards the introduction of an air transport eco-label, making the industry more sustainable. (C) 2018 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


type: J
volume: 11
issue: 2
beginPage: 192
endPage: 207
doi: 10.1108/JPMD-06-2017-0051
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432859800005
year: 2018
authors: Beza, BB, Hernandez-Garcia, J
title:
From placemaking to sustainability citizenship: An evolution in the understanding of community realised public spaces in Bogota's informal settlements

docAbstract:
Purpose Placemaking is an established practice and research field. It takes on a spatial dimension created through a socio-political process where value and meaning are assigned to settings. An emerging concept, sustainability citizenship relies on social actors creating sustainable urban settings by working, sometimes, outside formal planning; offering an evolutionary step in the creation and understanding of community realised places. The purpose of this paper is twofold: examine one of Bogota, Colombia's informal settlements to explore the placemaking/sustainability citizenship relationship, and use this exploration as a means to argue the appropriateness of sustainability citizenship when investigating/realising settings in Bogota's informal settlements. Design/methodology/approach To address the paper's aim, books, journal articles and monographs related to citizen/community participation, placemaking, citizenship (in Latin America and conceptually) and sustainability citizenship were collected and critically reviewed. Identification of these documents was achieved through a literature review of the library database at Deakin University and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and the co-authors of this paper contributing to and reviewing submissions to the 2016 Routledge publication, Sustainability Citizenship. Field observation and engagement with the citizenry living in the informal settlements of Bogota, Colombia were conducted at various times in 2013, 2014 and 2017. Findings Sustainability citizenship and placemaking are linked through their process-driven approach to realising places and use of the citizenry to enact change. In Bogota, Colombia's informal settlement of Caracoli, public spaces are created outside formal planning processes through alternative path dependencies and the resourcefulness of its citizens. Sustainability citizenship, rather than placemaking, can work outside formal planning and manoeuvre around established path dependencies, which offers an evolutionary step in the creation and understanding of community realised places in the global south. Originality/value This paper provides insight into the use of placemaking when explaining the realisation process of Bogota, Colombia's informal settlements. The paper's contents also explore the placemaking/sustainability citizenship relationship, which in terms of the latter is a new citizenry dimension that can be used to provide new insight into the realisation process of public spaces in Bogota's informal settlements.


title: The politics of noise: Case study of the commercialization of Alacati Village, Turkey
type: J
volume: 25
beginPage: 104
endPage: 118
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.019
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000428982600011
year: 2018
authors: Bilbil, ET
docAbstract:
Employing the concept of biopolitics, this study explores noise and policy inaction as normalizing technologies of the body and as market discourse through the commercialization of a small village. Noise in Alacati Village, which has been increasing since 2015, is analyzed here in terms of its constitutive processes, which include mechanisms of power and resistance. This approach shows how the normalizing technologies of the body, in conjunction with the inaction and contingency policies of biopower, result in the emergence of new power mechanisms with privatized and individualized modes of action. This study employed a qualitative method involving two months of participant observation and 45 qualitative interviews conducted in 2016 and 2017. The outcomes of policy inaction are as follows: (1) excessive noise is accepted and resistants become silent, (2) connections between noise supporters and resistants are lost, (3) responsibility for overcoming noise is individualized, and (4) de-territorialization and re-territorialization occur.


title: The role of website stimuli of experience on engagement and brand advocacy
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 2
beginPage: 204
endPage: 222
doi: 10.1108/JHTT-12-2017-0136
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000449963300005
year: 2018
authors: Ali, F, Bilro, RG, Loureiro, SMC
docAbstract:
Purpose This study aims to examine the relationships between stimuli of website experience (information/content, interactive features and design-visual appeal) and online engagement (cognitive processing, affection and activation) with consumer-generated media and brand advocacy. Furthermore, this study examines if online engagement mediates the relationships between website stimuli of experience dimensions and brand advocacy. Design/methodology/approach A total of 183 valid online questionnaires were collected, from members of an online forum related to travel and leisure, to empirically test the measurement and structural model using partial least square path modeling. The study sample includes consumers who search for, select and book hotel rooms via Booking.com. Findings The findings confirm that information/content and design-visual appeal have a significant impact on all three dimensions of online engagement whereas interactive features of a website have significant impact on affection and activation. Furthermore, results suggest that affection and activation predict brand advocacy and engagement mediates the effect of stimuli of experience on brand advocacy. Originality/value This is the first attempt to explain the relationships between website stimuli of experience (information/content, interactive features and design-visual appeal), online engagement (cognitive processing, affection and activation) and brand advocacy. Altogether, these variables are not well studied and understood in current literature despite having important implications for managers, academicians and consumers alike.


type: J
volume: 19
beginPage: 71
endPage: 85
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000444036600005
year: 2018
authors: Borlido, T, Coromina, L
title:
Social capital as cause and consequence of rural touristic development: The case of Lindoso (Portugal)

docAbstract:
This paper seeks to deepen research on the relationship established between social capital and tourism, namely on the less explored aspect of the reciprocity in this relationship; in other words, the forms by which social capital affects tourism development and how tourism development has influenced the evolution of social capital are the object of analysis. The paper uses a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews and discourse analysis. Results show that a lack of use of social capital provokes a vicious circle of social capital destruction, meeting Putnam's (1995, 2000) theories in his magnum opus Bowling Alone. Results additionally show that social capital facilitates tourism development and, in turn, tourism development promotes the creation of bridging social capital in the community. This paper concludes presenting policy proposals that seek to lead the territory towards a more sustainable community approach to the tourism model using the existing social capital and fostering its growth. (C) 2018 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


type: J
volume: 10
issue: 1
beginPage: 69
endPage: 85
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-10-2017-0069
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000425656400007
year: 2018
authors: Bratton, A
title:
The role of talent development in environmentally sustainable hospitality: A case study of a Scottish National Health Service conference centre

docAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of strategic talent development in supporting environmental management in the hospitality sector, as well as exploring its practical implications. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines a single public sector case study in the hospitality industry, a National Health Service conference centre. This case is part of a larger study in which qualitative and quantitative data were collected in six public and private sector workplaces in Scotland. Findings The findings emphasise the key role of leaders as change agents, and in promoting sustainability and encouraging workplace low-carbon behaviours. The findings demonstrate that an inclusive approach to talent development can play a key role in creating a pro-environmental culture and can significantly contribute to the long-term environmental sustainability of organisations. Research limitations/implications The scale of the research is limited to one public sector case study and restricted to the Scottish hospitality industry. Extending the research to multiple case studies in both the public and private sector in Scotland would be useful. Practical implications This paper makes recommendations about the role of line managers, blended learning strategies, organisational culture and employee participation in supporting workplace learning for sustainability. Originality/value This paper examines the role of strategic talent development in supporting environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry and provides unique insight for both academics and practitioners into a single public sector case study.


title: Restaurant assessment of local food and the Global Sustainable Tourism criteria
type: J
volume: 18
beginPage: 120
endPage: 132
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000431189900007
year: 2018
authors: Bristow, RS, Jenkins, I
docAbstract:
Certification standards have evolved to become a recognizable achievement in businesses. For tourism, numerous models have risen recently and most are striving to reach broad acceptance. The assessment utilized in this study was the management model suggested by the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria (GSTC). From the food service perspective, little research has been devoted to exploring the willingness to adopt sustainable practices by restaurant managers. In order to assess the relevancy of the GSTC, a sample of restaurants located on several islands of the Turks and Caicos (TCI), the Pioneer Valley region of Massachusetts, U.S., in Wales, U.K. and Southern Switzerland were asked to rate the importance of several of the GSTC. Several differences in managements' rating of sustainable practice were found, illustrating the unique geographies of our sample. Overall however, management embraced the importance of the GSTC. (C) 2018 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1222
endPage: 1240
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1433184
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800011
year: 2018
authors: Buijtendijk, H, Blom, J, Vermeer, J, van der Duim, R
title:
Eco-innovation for sustainable tourism transitions as a process of collaborative co-production: the case of a carbon management calculator for the Dutch travel industry

docAbstract:
Eco-innovations that reduce carbon emissions help advance sustainability transitions in tourism. This article examines the analytical potential of actor-network theory (ANT) to study eco-innovation. ANT assumes that reality consists of actor-networks made of human and non-human elements that perform actors as network effects. We argue that, in a time when climate change is the simultaneous product and producer of human actions, eco-innovation is better understood when research gives the human and non-human elements that perform eco-innovations equal analytical treatment. We therefore develop an ANT-inspired framework, which we apply in a case study to investigate the development of a specific eco-innovation: CARMACAL, a web-based carbon management application in the Dutch travel industry. We find that technological novelty alone is insufficient to instigate transition. CARMACAL affords multiple new practices with opposite implications for socio-economic and environmental sustainability. The practices triggering most industry support are least effective in addressing tourism's climate impacts and vice versa. Examining eco-innovation through ANT helps us put eco-innovation in a different light. Seemingly contradictory practices may be mutually supportive: their individual strengths and weaknesses may help prevent the failure of eco-innovations. This new possibility opens the way for concerted policies strengthening the contribution of eco-innovations to sustainability transitions.


title: Can MNCs promote more inclusive tourism? Apollo tour operator's sustainability work
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 4
beginPage: 630
endPage: 652
doi: 10.1080/14616688.2018.1457074
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452008500004
year: 2018
authors: Hall, CM, Campos, MJZ, Backlund, S
docAbstract:
Outbound tour operators are key actors in international mass tourism. However, their contribution to more sustainable and inclusive forms of tourism has been critically questioned. Drawing from new institutional theories in organization studies, and informed by the case of one of the largest Scandinavian tour operators, we examine the corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability work in large tour operators and the challenges faced in being more inclusive. On the basis of in-depth interviews with corporate officers, document analysis and media reports, we show how top-down coercive and normative pressures, coming from the parent company and the host society shape the ability of the daughter corporation to elaborate a more inclusive agenda. However, daughter companies do not merely comply with these institutional pressures and policy is also developed from the 'bottom-up'. We show how the tour operator's sustainability work is also the result of organizational responses including buffering, bargaining, negotiating and influencing the parent organization. By creating intra and inter-sectoral learning and collaborative industry platforms, MNCs not only exchange and diffuse more inclusive practices among the industry, but also anticipate future normative pressures such as legislation and brand risk. Daughter organizations help shape their institutional arrangements through internal collaborative platforms and by incorporating local events and societal concerns into the multinational CSR policy, especially when flexible policy frameworks operate, and the corporate CSR agenda and organizational field are under formation. However, risks do exist, in the absence of institutional pressures, of perpetuating a superficial adoption of more inclusive practices in the mass tourism industry.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 2
beginPage: 192
endPage: 204
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1338292
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423683300002
year: 2018
authors: Carballo, RR, Leon, CJ
title:
The influence of artistically recreated nature on the image of tourist destinations: Lanzarote's art, cultural and tourism visitor centres and their links to sustainable tourism marketing

docAbstract:
Can distinctive natural assets in tourist destinations be artistically recreated and used to improve destination image and attract more visitors? This paper analyses the formation of the tourist image based on artistically recreated local nature icons, and shows how those images can enhance the overall destination image. It focuses on the island of Lanzarote, a destination with its development based on promoting an environmental image founded on the creation of a network of multifunctional, high-quality art, culture and tourism centres exhibiting artistic recreation of its unique environmental assets. The methodology utilizes a questionnaire (n = 453) structural equations modelling approach in which the overall image of the destination is directly dependent on the image of the environmental conditions and indirectly influenced by the image of the artistically recreated centres. Results show that the destination's image is significantly grounded on the image of the art, culture and tourism centres using art based on Lanzarote's natural assets. They suggest that destinations have relevant opportunities to artistically enhance natural assets to improve their tourist image and marketing, that quality multi-functional visitor centres can be important within a sustainable tourism policy, and part of the emerging breadth of approaches taken by sustainable tourism marketing.


title: Japan's Mountain Tourism at a Crossroads: Insights from the North Japan Alps
type: J
volume: 15
issue: 1
beginPage: 82
endPage: 88
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2017.1324810
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429067800007
year: 2018
authors: Chakraborty, A
docAbstract:
This article explores the transition in the mountain tourism landscape of Japan through two instructive case studies from the North Japan Alps. Before Japan's modernization, mountains were considered sacred places and consequently they were out of bounds for commoners. During the early modernization phase, the mountains and their secluded valleys witnessed drastic changes as they became objects of conquest and, later, places for tourism development. The relative proximity of these mountains to urban centers and their modest elevation helped mass access to these landscapes. Tourism development thrust these landscapes into a dual trajectory: while visitor increase and consequent development resulted in the depletion of natural ecosystems and a trivialization of place, early conservation efforts that later morphed into the national park movement were borne out of this situation. Today, these landscapes are under renewed threat from visitor pressure and global environmental change, but some indications of a heightened ecological consciousness and sense of place can be detected among local tourism stakeholders which can provide insight for more sustainability-oriented tourism development.


title: Waste less, enjoy more: forming a messaging campaign and reducing food waste in restaurants
type: J
volume: 19
issue: 4
beginPage: 495
endPage: 520
doi: 10.1080/1528008X.2018.1483282
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443743700005
year: 2018
authors: Chen, HS, Jai, TM
docAbstract:
Food waste not only has significant and negative impacts on the environment but also harms food businesses due to rising food costs. This study investigated consumers' perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward a food waste prevention campaign in buffet-style restaurants. The results indicate that an environmentally focused message had a strong effect on consumers' attitudes toward preventing food waste in the restaurant. Moreover, there was a significant interaction effect of message appeals and source credibility on consumers' perception of corporate social responsibility. Both perceived corporate social responsibility and attitudes increase behavioral intentions of preventing food waste, while the consumers with higher level of social responsible consumption will respond strongly to prevent food waste in the restaurant. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this paper.


title: The Implementation of Green Marketing Tools in Rural Tourism: The Readiness of Tourists?
type: J
volume: 27
issue: 3
beginPage: 261
endPage: 280
doi: 10.1080/19368623.2017.1359723
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000427883600001
year: 2018
authors: Chin, CH, Chin, CL, Wong, WPM
docAbstract:
Environmental sustainability is the key factor for the future development of the tourism industry, particularly in sensitive rural tourism destinations. Green tourism and green marketing are alternative practices that ensure the environmental sustainability of tourism destinations. However, green marketing has received little attention in the context of rural destinations. This is the first known study undertaken with the purpose of understanding the relationship between green marketing tools (eco-brand, eco-label, and environmental advertisement) and green purchasing behavior in rural tourism destinations from the perception of tourists. A sample of 252 respondents was selected to complete the questionnaires. To assess the developed model, SmartPLS (version 3.2.6) was applied based on path modeling, followed by bootstrapping. The results revealed that the three-dimensional constructs of green marketing tools were significantly and positively correlated with green purchasing behavior of rural tourism destinations from tourists' perspectives. Several implications, limitations, and directions for future research were further discussed.


title: Wildlife tourism in Latin America: taxonomy and conservation status
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 9
beginPage: 1562
endPage: 1576
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1484752
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452869800005
year: 2018
docAbstract:
We provide an initial insight into the extent, occurrence and characteristics of wildlife tourism involving close interactions with free-ranging, non-domesticated, animals outside of formal captive environments across Latin America. Using information provided online via TripAdvisor, we found this type of tourism was occurring across the region (advertised on 249 wildlife tourist attraction webpages across 21 countries) and involved a diverse range of wild animals (73 species, including 19 currently considered as threatened by the IUCN). Opportunities for direct contact with wild animals were particularly prevalent (54% of all surveyed webpages). Despite the potential economic benefits, studies have indicated that these types of ecotourism are potentially having net negative impacts on wildlife conservation and welfare. Mammals classified as Least Concern featured most commonly in tourist photos, but our analyses suggest that mammals and species classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List were most likely to occur in these types of wildlife tourist attractions (WTAs). Amphibians and species classified on the IUCN Red List as Data Deficient or Critically Endangered were least likely. Given the growing nature of the wildlife tourism sector, we provide recommendations to help effectively balance and manage wider wildlife protection goals and growing tourist interest in wildlife.

authors:
D'Cruze, N, Niehaus, C, Balaskas, M, Vieto, R, Carder, G, Richardson, VA, Moorhouse, T, Harrington, LA, Macdonald, DW


title: Food tourism and events as tools for social sustainability?
type: J
volume: 11
issue: 3
beginPage: 277
endPage: 295
doi: 10.1108/JPMD-06-2017-0048
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441862600003
year: 2018
authors: de Jong, A, Varley, P
docAbstract:
Purpose Food tourism and events are often prefaced as tools for sustainability within national and intra-national food and agricultural policy contexts. Yet, the realities of enhancing sustainability through food tourism and events are problematic. Sustainability itself is often conceived broadly within policy proclaiming the benefits of food tourism and events, with a need for further deconstruction of the ways each dimension of sustainability - economic, environmental, social and cultural - independently enhances sustainability. The lack of clarity concerning the conceptual utilisation of sustainability works to compromise its value and utilisation for the development of food tourism and events in peripheral areas. In recognition, this paper aims to turn attention to social sustainability within the context of a local food festival, to ask the following: in what ways is social sustainability enhanced through a local food festival, who benefits from this sustainability, and how? Design/methodology/approach The paper examines the development of a local food festival in a rural coastal community on Scotland's west coast. The concept of social capital is used to examine the unfolding power relations between committee members, as well as the committee and other social groups. Observant participation undertaken over a 10-month period, between December 2015 and September 2016, renders insights into the ways event planning processes were dependent on the pre-existing accruement of social capital by certain individuals and groups. Findings Local food festivals have the potential to enhance social sustainability, in offering opportunity to bridge relations across certain diverse groups and foster an environment conducive to cohabitation. Bridging, however, is dependent on preconceived social capital and power relations, which somewhat inhibits social integration for all members of a community. The temporally confined characteristics of events generates difficulties in overcoming the uneven enhancement of social sustainability. Care, thus, needs to be upheld in resolutely claiming enhancement of social sustainability through local food events. Further, broad conceptualisations of community need to be challenged during event planning processes; for it is difficult to develop a socially inclusive approach that ensures integration for diverse segments without recognising what constitutes a specific community. Originality/value This paper is situated within the context of a peripheral yet growing body of literature exploring the potential of events to develop social sustainability. In extending work examining events and social sustainaility the paper turns attention to the gastronomic - examining the extent to which social sustainability is enhanced through a local food festival, for a rural coastal community - Mallaig, on Scotland's west coast.


title: Why and how hotel groups in luxury segments give back to their communities
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 1
beginPage: 100
endPage: 114
doi: 10.1002/jtr.2166
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000419094400010
year: 2018
authors: de-Miguel-Molina, B, de-Miguel-Molina, M, Segarra-Ona, M, Peiro-Signes, A
docAbstract:
The paper analyses why and how hotel groups become involved in their communities through philanthropic activities. The analysis focuses on hotel groups with brands in the luxury, upper upscale, and upscale segments. The qualitative information disclosed in reports and websites by 243 hotel brands was studied to answer questions about who is involved, how they participate, and who they target. The study then focused on the 130 hotel groups owning these brands, and a qualitative comparative analysis was used to explain the combination of causal conditions explaining why hotel groups participate in their communities. The causal conditions in the analysis included the participation of different stakeholders, the characteristics of the hotel groups, and the culture of the countries. Results indicate that there is a trade-off between customer and employee participation in philanthropy, that customer involvement requires the presence of luxury brands, and that the culture of the countries (religion and altruism) stimulates the philanthropic behaviour of hotel groups.


type: J
volume: 21
issue: 12
beginPage: 1349
endPage: 1354
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2017.1299696
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000434683100004
year: 2018
authors: Descubes, I, McNamara, T, Claasen, C
title:
E-Marketing communications of trophy hunting providers in Namibia: evidence of ethics and fairness in an apparently unethical and unfair industry?

docAbstract:
This paper investigates how the e-marketing communication of trophy hunting operators in Namibia may affect and reinforce the overall tainted image of this controversial industry. The online marketing efforts of 100 Namibian safari providers were examined. Two main results were discerned: (1) the majority of communication does not take into account the negative image of the industry, choosing instead to focus primarily on the hedonic values of the customer (i.e. hunters) and (2) evidence was found of concern for ethics, sustainability and fairness, but often these messages were implicit rather than explicit. Suggestions for improvement in e-marketing are provided.


title: Discovering the hotel selection factors of vegetarians: the case of Turkey
type: J
volume: 73
issue: 4
beginPage: 492
endPage: 506
doi: 10.1108/TR-11-2017-0175
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000448131700005
year: 2018
authors: Dilek, SE, Fennell, DA
docAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the hotel selection preferences of vegetarians in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach The questionnaire used in this study had four main sections: animal and environmentally friendly hotel attributes; hotel features and facilities; hotel food and beverage services; and demographic and travel information of respondents. Data were collected by way of face-to-face questionnaires from 328 self-identified vegetarians who visited the first vegan/vegetarian event - Didim VegFest - in Turkey on 29-30 April 2017. Findings Eco-animal friendly hotels, customer requests and animal friendly and environmental ethics (main Factor 1); comfort and value, facilities and security, the natural environment and the staff and their services (main Factor 2); standards and sanitation, sensibility, atmosphere and knowledge (main Factor 3) were identified as the main hotel selection factors of vegetarians in Turkey. Originality/value This study is the first of its kind in the tourism literature.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 1
beginPage: 146
endPage: 164
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1322599
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423682500009
year: 2018
authors: Dinica, V
title:
The environmental sustainability of protected area tourism: towards a concession-related theory of regulation

docAbstract:
Demand for Protected Area (PA) tourism continues to grow, raising concerns for its environmental sustainability. Numerous sustainable tourism guidelines and best practice examples exist for separate aspects of PA regulation and management. However, such efforts are insufficient to reliably and holistically understand how regulation can mediate the relationship between tourism development and PA environmental sustainability. This paper proposes a theory development project, to map the compatibility and interplays among various regulatory approaches, and their consequences for sustainable PA tourism. The project is initiated here by taking the first steps toward a concession-related theory of regulation. The focus on concessions has been chosen because concessions are the most under-researched aspects of PA tourism regulation. Four regulatory aspects are selected and conceptualized in this paper: the approaches to PA planning, the types of monitoring undertaken, the methods of concession allocation and the design of environmental requirements in concession contracts. Methodologically, grounded theory is used, with data collection relying on written sources. The paper develops two sets of narrative statements regarding the prospects for PA environmental sustainability, under particular examples of concession-related regulation. The conclusion articulates several research questions, as an immediate research agenda, and calls for an international research group to be formed.


title: Overview: tourism sustainability in the Alpine region: the major trends and challenges
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 2
beginPage: 136
endPage: 139
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-12-2017-0078
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432187200002
year: 2018
authors: Dornier, R, Mauri, C
docAbstract:
Purpose - This introductory paper aims to provide a broad overview of the significance and contributions of this theme issue. Design/methodology/approach - This introductory paper draws from the papers presented at a conference on tourism and local development in the Alpine region (Courmayeur, Italy, June 26-27, 2017). Sustainable tourism from different perspectives was a core topic at this conference, and it is a theme widely discussed in the literature. Findings - Sustainability in mountain tourism has many facets, and it involves many aspects of tourism management: mobility and mobility infrastructure; global warming, snow shortage and long-term viability of ski stations; pollution and clean air; price of accessibility; stakeholders' involvement and networking; and cross-border partnerships. The tourism literature has always been in transition, with many disciplines contributing to its development. Sustainability adds new perspectives that enrich the field and broaden the horizon and discussion. Even though each paper has its own specific conclusion, there are several key themes that emerge from most of the papers. Among these, sustainability is stimulating a re-think of the "classical" products and services provided in mountain destinations, particularly in relation to the winter season. Snow, water and other physical resources typical of mountain regions can no longer be taken for granted, and their progressive scarcity requires a long-termview. Practical implications - The findings indicate that it will be necessary to encourage tourists to try and explore the wider range of products and services that a mountain destination can offer. To facilitate this, tourism operators will need to configure a broader and richer experience in the future. The issue of sustainability involves many stakeholders, who can combine their knowledge, competences and activities to maximize the attractiveness of a location while preserving its resources for the future. Originality/value - The value of this paper is that it highlights the key themes and perspectives that sustainable tourism is raising.


title: Peer-to-peer accommodation and sustainability in Mountain areas
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 2
beginPage: 259
endPage: 266
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-01-2018-0001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432187200013
year: 2018
authors: Dornier, R, Selmi, N
docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to formulate assumptions on home sharing users' sensitivity toward sustainability in mountain areas and define the sustainability indicators that may be used to search for home-based accommodation in mountain areas. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on a literature review of key terms: mountain tourism, peer-to-peer accommodation and sustainability indicators. Findings - Tourists in mountain areas are more likely to be sensitive toward sustainability than in urban areas, so they are likely to expect home sharing websites to provide sustainability criteria for selecting their accommodation. Practical implications - Home sharing platforms should offer to mountain tourists the possibility to search for and assess home-based accommodation using sustainability criteria. Originality/value - Most studies on peer-to-peer accommodation were designed in urban areas. The authors state that in mountain areas, tourists are more sensitive toward sustainability and would therefore be more inclined to consider sustainability in their search for a home-based accommodation.


title: Reflections on the theme issue outcomes
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 2
beginPage: 274
endPage: 280
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-01-2018-0005
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432187200015
year: 2018
authors: Dornier, R, Mauri, C, Teare, R
docAbstract:
Purpose - The aim of this paper is to profile the World Hospitality and Tourism Themes (WHATT) theme issue Tourism sustainability in the Alpine region: What are the major trends and challenges? with reference to the experience of the theme editors and writing team. Design/methodology/approach - This paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editors to reflect on the rationale for the theme issue question, the starting-point, the selection of the writing team and material and the editorial process. Findings - It draws on a multidisciplinary approach to identify some key components of sustainable tourism for the French and Italian Alps. It reflects on research and stakeholder interaction that helped to shape the current and future thinking about how Alpine mountain resorts can enhance sustainability in relation to the destination offer, accommodation, transport and mobility and institutional, legal and socio-economic aspects. Practical implications - The theme issue outcomes provide lines of enquiry for others to explore, and they reinforce the value of WHATT's approach to collaborative working and writing. Originality/value - The work reported in this theme issue provides research-based evidence of the need for rapid adaptation to sustainable tourism development for resorts in the French and Italian Alps. Traditionally designed to facilitate skiing and snow sports, the impact of climate change is forcing a rethink to safeguard Alpine tourism - a vital economic activity to these and most mountain tourism destinations.


title: From "clone towns" to "slow towns": examining festival legacies
type: J
volume: 11
issue: 3
beginPage: 350
endPage: 366
doi: 10.1108/JPMD-07-2017-0071
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441862600007
year: 2018
authors: Duignan, MB, Kirby, SI, O'Brien, D, Everett, S
docAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to examine the role of grassroots (food) festivals for supporting the sustainability of micro and small producers, whilst exploring potential productive linkages between both stakeholders (festivals and producers) for enhancing a more authentic cultural offering and destination image in the visitor economy. Design/methodology/approach This paper is exploratory, qualitative and inductive. Evidence is underpinned by a purposive sample, drawing on ten in-depth interviews and 17 open-ended survey responses collected across 2014 and 2015 - drawing perspectives from traders participating in the EAT Cambridge festival. Findings This paper unpacks a series of serendipitous [as opposed to strategic] forms of festival and producer leveraging; strengthening B2C relationships and stimulating business to business networking and creative entrepreneurial collaborations. Positive emergent embryonic forms of event legacy are identified that support the longer-term sustainability of local producers and contribute towards an alternative idea of place and destination, more vibrant and authentic connectivity with localities and slower visitor experiences. Originality/value This study emphasises the importance of local bottom-up forms of serendipitous leverage for enhancing positive emergent embryonic legacies that advance slow tourism and local food agendas. In turn, this enhances the cultural offering and delivers longer-term sustainability for small local producers - particularly vital in the era of Clone Town threats and effects. The paper applies Chalip's (2004) event leverage model to the empirical setting of EAT Cambridge and conceptually advances the framework by integrating digital forms of leverage.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 8
beginPage: 55
endPage: 77
doi: 10.6092/issn.2036-5195/7728
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000433114900005
year: 2018
authors: Enongene, V, Griffin, K
title:
Stakeholder Involvement: An Identified Invaluable Resource in the Management and Conservation of Ireland's Natural Religious Heritage Croagh Patrick: Insights and Challenges

docAbstract:
This paper seeks to explore how the concept of stakeholder involvement has been applied for the very first time in the management and conservation of the 800 years old Ireland's Holy mountain Croagh Patrick. In doing so, it explores factors that facilitate and hinder the effectiveness of this new-found partnership towards the sustainable management of this sacred natural site, which simultaneously serves as a place of pilgrimage and tourism. Crucial given scholarly demand for greater understanding of the opportunities and barriers that stakeholder involvement may entail, Woodland & Acott (2007), and even more crucial given that routes and directions for practically implementing sustainability in tourism remain unclear Walingo et al., (2013), and more importantly, the paucity of empirical research that explores the effectiveness and challenges in collaborative efforts towards the management of tourism at sacred sites, especially at holy mountains that are yet to be designated as world heritage sites within the religious and pilgrimage tourism scholarship (RPTS). Utilising a mixed-methodological approach to inquiry, and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders across a range of stakeholder groupings, revealed crucial drivers and inhibitors to the partnership, to include issues of shared ownership, power dynamics, strategic management and stakeholder marginalisation and representativeness in decision-making and planning processes. The study has implications for the conservation/management of natural religious heritages/landscapes where there is the need to understand the practicality in the formation of stakeholder groupings in the sustainable management of many such heritages.


title: European Union tourism policy: an institutional theory critical discourse analysis
type: J
volume: 73
issue: 3
beginPage: 421
endPage: 431
doi: 10.1108/TR-11-2017.0167
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443160900010
year: 2018
authors: Font, X, Estol, J, Camilleri, MA
docAbstract:
Purpose - This research uses the institutional theory perspective to better understand the social dynamics of the European Union (EU) tourism policy and its directions. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the processes, content and outcomes of EU tourism policy. Design/methodology/approach - A thorough literature review involving a critical discourse analysis on the regulative, normative and cultural elements of institutionalisation improves our understanding of the EU policy, in terms of its processes, content and outcomes. Therefore, this paper explores how the European institutions have incrementally legitimised tourism policy among Member Stales. Findings - Over the years, the EU's policies were intended to enhance the European single market whilst supporting the growth of the industrial competitiveness, sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship. This has inevitably led to the development of new policies in the realms of tourism. Originality/value - This contribution has identified a gap in academic research, as it reports about the evolution of EU tourism policy and on the conditions of how it has been planned, organised and implemented. It also exposes the challenges of institutionalising tourism policy in intergovernmental institutions.


title: Online CSR communication in the hotel industry: Evidence from small hotels
type: J
volume: 68
beginPage: 94
endPage: 104
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.09.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000418978700011
year: 2018
authors: Ettinger, A, Grabner-Krauter, S, Terlutter, R
docAbstract:
This paper examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR)-certified hotels communicate CSR on their websites, how guests comment on hotels' CSR engagement in online reviews and how hotels respond to online reviews. The CSR communication strategies of stakeholder information, response and involvement of Morsing and Schultz (2006) were used as conceptual framework. Three studies were conducted. Based on a sample of 47 Austrian CSR-certified hotels, the first study explored the extent to which hotels communicate CSR activities to stakeholders via their webpage. The second study analyzed 1383 customer online reviews of the same hotels on TripAdvisor(center dot) with regard to CSR references. The third study analyzed hotels' responses to online reviews. Results show that environmental issues and supplier relations receive highest attention from hotels and customer reviews. Employee relations are less frequently communicated and addressed in reviews. The three studies uncover opportunities for intensified stakeholder integration in CSR engagement and communication strategies.


title: Corporate social responsibility in tourism and hospitality
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1027
endPage: 1042
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1488856
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800001
year: 2018
authors: Font, X, Lynes, J
docAbstract:
The past decade has seen significant growth in the tourism and hospitality literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Indeed, over 70% of the articles on this topic have been published in the past five years. Through the application of a stakeholder lens, this paper explores how CSR has developed within the extant literature, paying particular attention to current gaps and highlighting the contributions of the research in this special issue. This emerging research on CSR in the context of tourism and hospitality is pushing past the boundaries of early approaches to corporate sustainability by providing empirical evidence to support the importance of integrating a range of stakeholder perspectives and needs throughout the planning, implementation, and evaluation of CSR initiatives. We observe that while there is ample research on certain stakeholder groups such as management, employees, shareholders, and consumers, there is less emphasis on the role of communities and ecosystems as stakeholders and very little related to suppliers, NGOs, and government. Although tourism and hospitality firms may not be subject to the same pressures as other industries, there remain important opportunities to both document and engage these external stakeholders in the journey towards sustainability.


type: J
issue: 41
beginPage: 669
endPage: 673
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000431493000008
year: 2018
authors: Garay, L, Gomis, JM, Gonzalez, F
title:
THE VALUE OF SUSTAINABILITY AS A FACTOR OF DIFFERENTIATION IN THE TOURISM INTERMEDIATION PROCESS: AN ANALYSIS OF CATALAN SMEs


title: Transitioning towards sustainability in the mountain resort community of Whistler, British Columbia
type: J
volume: 43
issue: 4
beginPage: 528
endPage: 539
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2018.1509828
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000444094500011
year: 2018
authors: Gill, AM, Williams, PW
docAbstract:
In 2005, the resort community of Whistler introduced an innovative model of comprehensive sustainability planning and governance that attracted widespread attention. In this paper, we use the lens of path creation, together with insights from transition management, to examine the drivers of change in the creation and development of this new pathway towards sustainability. Specific elements of place and time are important factors, as are corporate-community relations and the influence of power and politics in both supporting the sustainability path and also causing it to stall or deviate.


title: Challenges and obstacles for the first digital repository for tourism studies in Greece
type: J
volume: 18
beginPage: 146
endPage: 159
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000431189900009
year: 2018
authors: Gkoumas, A
docAbstract:
This paper evaluates the visibility, utility, and operability of the first Digital Repository for Tourism Studies in Greece. The creation of the repository was a project that funded and supervised by the Ministry of Tourism, aiming at the collection and analysis of tourism research, conducted from 1980 and onwards. By following a qualitative approach, this study analyzes the challenges and obstacles of developing a digital archive of scientific publications, studies, Ph. D. dissertations and other research data related with tourism in Greece. In particular, it outlines the financial limitations of the project; operational dysfunctions of the online archive; security of the digital content and issues of maintenance, management and technical support of the digital repository in the future. Based on desk review, personal interviews and peer-research working groups, attended by representatives of major tourism institutions, professional organizations and public authorities, the findings of this inquiry indicate that financial and human resources insufficiency, inadequate time frame and lack of promotion, have hindered the success of the project. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for the efficient management and financial sustainability, security of web content and optimal promotion of open access repositories. (C) 2018 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1063
endPage: 1084
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1410164
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800003
year: 2018
authors: Font, X, Guix, M, Bonilla-Priego, MJ
title:
The process of sustainability reporting in international hotel groups: an analysis of stakeholder inclusiveness, materiality and responsiveness

docAbstract:
While extensive research covers the disclosure of performance in sustainability reports, there is limited understanding of the process of how such reports are developed and whose priorities they reflect. We investigate the sustainability reporting, focusing on stakeholder-related practices disclosed by the 50 largest hotel groups worldwide, by testing the AA1000 Stakeholder Engagement Standard. We use the three interrelated dimensions (inclusiveness, materiality and responsiveness) to assess the disclosure of how organisations (1) identify and engage with stakeholders, (2) determine the importance of sustainability issues, and (3) respond to stakeholder concerns. We find the low transparency and imprecision of decision-making criteria and processes suggest sustainability reporting is more of a legitimisation exercise than one of accountability. We find the stakeholder identification approach does not inform the organisation's transparency, whereas the dialogue mechanisms used to empower stakeholders, as their participatory role in decision-making and the reporting process, shape the disclosure of materiality and responsiveness. We demonstrate how that the ability to determine stakeholder engagement, materiality analysis and responsiveness of the sustainability reporting process can improve the role of sustainability reports as a mechanism for accountability, and we argue the importance of the alignment between the degree of disclosure on inclusiveness, materiality and responsiveness.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 6
beginPage: 927
endPage: 941
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1423316
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000433146600005
year: 2018
authors: Hales, R, Larkin, I
title:
Successful action in the public sphere: the case of a sustainable tourism-led community protest against coal seam gas mining in Australia

docAbstract:
As demand for resources grows, there is increased pressure on the places and communities in which sustainable tourism is situated. This research examined the experience of an academic and a sustainable tourism business operator who were engaged in a community protest against coal seam gas mining in Queensland, Australia. Our research used a co-constructed narrative method and a post-ecological democratic framework to understand the significance of the public-sphere action of the tourism business. Our findings reveal that sustainable tourism organisations can link with the local community to be effective in public-sphere protest because of their social relationships within communities. The tourism business engagement in the public sphere was characterised by an increase in the locus of control of the business in responding to environmental threats, reconceptualising the environment as a valued local place worth fighting for, and tactics that ensured the campaign was not subsumed and devalued within government administrative processes. We found that if the value basis for public-sphere action aligns with the business model, tourism businesses can engage in public-sphere action with no financial loss. Protest actions by sustainable tourism business operators can be part of a deeper sustainability movement through protest actions in the public sphere.


title: Motorsport volunteerism: a form of social contract?
type: J
volume: 21
issue: 5
beginPage: 815
endPage: 832
doi: 10.1080/17430437.2018.1400765
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000427751100009
year: 2018
authors: Hassan, D, Harding, C
docAbstract:
The field of sports volunteerism has received considerable attention over recent years. It is increasingly evident that many national and transnational governing bodies of sport accept that the sustainability of their events remains conditional upon volunteers who are willing to offer their skills and labour free of charge. Fortunately, something of a resurgence within volunteerism, especially around sporting events, appears to be taking hold, albeit largely within the Global North, and so, it is appropriate to consider whether this may be explained with reference to the under-examined field of social contract theory. This therefore is the primary aim of this article, which draws specific attention to this phenomenon within motorsport. It concludes that there is indeed considerable evidence that motorsport volunteers are encouraged to provide their services in a manner consistent with some form of contractual obligation, and thus, in a wider sense, these conclusions offer valuable insights for other sporting bodies regarding their volunteer recruitment and retention strategies in the time ahead.


title: Sustainable Sport Tourism in Japan
type: J
volume: 15
issue: 1
beginPage: 96
endPage: 101
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2017.1313773
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429067800009
year: 2018
authors: Hinch, T, Ito, E
docAbstract:
Japan is scheduled to host several major international sporting events in the next four years including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Its sport tourism sector is therefore well positioned for expansion but the issue of sustainability needs to be addressed. This research note sets out to clarify what is known about sustainable sport tourism in Japan as reflected in published research in Japanese and English. As such, it is an attempt to provide a foundation for future research. While several noteworthy publications about the nature of sport tourists and their impacts on destinations were found, continued effort is needed to build these studies into an integrated and coherent body of literature.


title: Values and motivations in tourist perceptions of last-chance tourism
type: J
volume: 18
issue: 1
beginPage: 3
endPage: 14
doi: 10.1177/1467358415619674
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000418666200001
year: 2018
authors: Font, X, Hindley, A
docAbstract:
Tourists' perceptions of climate change affect decisions and choices to visit destinations, which are disappearing because of climate change impacts. Values and motivations are two of the personal variables underpinning tourists' decisions. The study addresses both the limited values research in tourism and reveals unconscious motives by using projective techniques. Projective techniques avoid some of the social desirability bias present in much ethical research. Choice ordering technique and the list of values assist by assigning importance, with narrative responses providing meaning. The construction technique builds a story from a stimulus, with photo-elicitation using participants' personal holiday photographs. A sample of pre, during and post visit tourists to the Arctic and Venice were interviewed. Results, which provide a more nuanced understanding of how the personal variables of values and motivations are underpinned by self-interest, inform policies and the messages designed to influence pro-sustainability behaviour.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 3
beginPage: 496
endPage: 514
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1360316
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000427731100009
year: 2018
authors: Hitchings, R, Browne, A, Jack, T
title:
Should there be more showers at the summer music festival? Studying the contextual dependence of resource consuming conventions and lessons for sustainable tourism

docAbstract:
Summer music festivals that involve a few days of camping have often been linked to sustainability agendas. Yet relevant studies have so far overlooked how these events can themselves serve as experiments in less resource consumptive living. Building on a wider interest in the cultural evolution of cleanliness norms, this paper explores how attendees come to use water in personal washing at two UK festivals. Through survey, observation and interview research, it examines how current festival goers respond to the disruption of their usual washing regimes, paying particular attention to how a combination of social and infrastructural cues serves to encourage the emergence of a temporary new cleanliness culture. Doing so highlights the value of seeing human resource consumption as a matter of dynamic collective convention more than fixed personal preference since these respondents were seen to embrace a new relationship with washing that was otherwise deemed unthinkable. This leads to a broader discussion of how visitor needs and the social world are most usefully studied by both future festival organisers and the wider field of sustainable tourism research.


type: J
volume: 20
beginPage: 28
endPage: 45
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451345900002
year: 2018
authors: Hoppstadius, F, Moller, C
title:
'You have to try being a role model' - Learning for sustainability among tourism entrepreneurs in a Swedish biosphere reserve

docAbstract:
The pursuit for sustainability in biosphere reserve (BR) tourism entails the need not merely for tourism businesses to adapt to the changing environmental preferences of tourists but also for entrepreneurs to gain new knowledge about sustainability. Our study illustrates how place is central to grasp the processes of learning for sustainability. Drawing on qualitative interviews, we examine place-specific and social learning processes for sustainability among small-scale tourism entrepreneurs in a Swedish BR. The findings are discussed using an analytic framework, based on themes of place-specific learning emerging from the interviews. Learning for sustainability among tourism entrepreneurs entails an emphasis on both social and spatial processes. Our findings show how the small-scale tourism entrepreneurs engage in learning through their interactions with tourists at their tourism establishments, through networking with other tourism businesses and regional stakeholders, through engaging with local resources and cultural norms of the BR, and through their experiences and practices connected to their everyday lives and the private sphere. (C) 2018 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


title: Developing a sustainable service innovation framework for the hospitality industry
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 1
beginPage: 455
endPage: 474
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-12-2015-0727
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000424495000021
year: 2018
authors: Horng, JS, Chou, SF, Liu, CHS, Tsai, CY, Hu, DC
docAbstract:
Purpose - This study aims to determine essential attributes of sustainable service innovation (SSI) in the Taiwan hospitality industry. Design/methodology/approach - By combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies while considering perspectives on sustainable management and service innovation, the present study extends the related literature on SSI and presents a new framework. The decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) analytical approaches are used to identify relations between dimensions and their causality attributes. Findings - The findings of the DEMATEL result indicate that innovation diffusion has direct and indirect effects on dimensions of sustainable innovation and on organizational factors. Furthermore, sustainable innovation emerged as the most important attribute while the analytic network process analysis was used. Practical implications - The critical dimensions identified in this study may serve as guidelines that hospitality practitioners or hotel managers may use when engaging in SSI. Social implications - Sustainability management is ranked the most important criterion of sustainable practice, which indicates that considerations of sustainability are necessary when hospitality managers wish to carry out a sustainability project in an organization. Furthermore, organizational capabilities were ranked the most important criteria among all organizational factors. This finding implies that the first step involves establishing a shared vision. Originality/value - The current study integrates and applies Rogers' (2003) diffusion of innovations theory (DIT) to identify how to facilitate sustainability through service innovation. In so doing, this study can add to our knowledge in the hotel industry by using the DIT.


title: An assessment model of corporate social responsibility practice in the tourism industry
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1085
endPage: 1104
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1388384
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800004
year: 2018
authors: Horng, JS, Tsai, CY, Hsu, H
docAbstract:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gradually become a concern of many companies in the tourism industry. A substantial number of companies have implemented CSR programmes to pursue economic and environmental win-win situations while acting in a socially responsible manner. This study constructs an assessment model of CSR practice in the tourism industry to provide for more effective implementation of CSR. First, the researchers reviewed CSR-related literature and conducted in-depth interviews with industry experts. Based on the literature and the interviews, five dimensions, including Economy, Environment, Society, Culture and Consequence, and 15 criteria were extracted to form the assessment model. Second, the study examined the model's validity and established a consensus among the perspectives of academia, government and industry using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Finally, the study adopted the DEMATEL and DEMATEL-based Analytical Network Process (ANP) technique to understand the causal relations and weights among the factors. The results indicated that Environment is the most influential dimension, Consequence is the most important dimension in the assessment model and Sustainable Cultural Inheritance is the most important criterion among all of the CSR practice criteria. Implications for application are discussed at the end of the paper.


type: J
volume: 30
issue: 9
beginPage: 2870
endPage: 2887
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-09-2017-0600
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000448739600001
year: 2018
authors: Huang, GH, To, WM
title:
Importance-performance ratings of corporate social responsibility practices by employees in Macao's gaming industry

docAbstract:
Purpose Employees play a significant role in implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. This paper aims to examine the perceived importance of CSR practices and identifies improvement areas of CSR practices using the importance-performance analysis from Macao's casino employees' perspective. Design/methodology/approach Based on a literature review of CSR in the hospitality industry and ISO 26000, a comprehensive set of CSR practices including responsible gaming practices was identified. Data were collected from 298 casino employees. Importance-performance analysis as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to identify important CSR practices and the factor structure of CSR in Macao's gaming industry. Findings Employees rated providing good wages and health insurance as the most important practice, followed by creating a health and safe working environment and be fair and honest with employees. The importance-performance analysis shows that employees perceived their firms performing well in providing good wages and health insurance, protecting consumer data and consumer privacy and providing good consumer service and support. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate that CSR in Macao's gaming industry encompasses seven factors, namely, Labor Practices, The Environment, Fair Operating Practices, Consumer Issues, Human Rights, Community Involvement and Responsible Gaming. Originality/value Casino employees shape customer experience, recognizing and understanding how employees view CSR practices can help casino operators refine their CSR initiatives.


type: J
volume: 15
issue: 5
beginPage: 516
endPage: 534
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2018.1478881
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443038300004
year: 2018
authors: Hughes, E, Scheyvens, R
title:
Development Alternatives in the Pacific: How Tourism Corporates Can Work More Effectively with Local Communities

docAbstract:
Tourism corporations are increasingly expected to contribute to the development outcomes of destination communities. However, there has been limited consideration of the capacity of hotel-led initiatives to lead to locally meaningful development. In this article we first consider the place of alternative development perspectives, diverse and relational economies in the Pacific as a means to better understand community priorities. Empirical research in Fiji then examines the development initiatives of large hotel chains using a "Development First" framework focussing on sustainable human development and community well-being. Findings show although specific programmes can create positive outcomes, there is a desire within communities for greater access to resources and involvement in planning processes. We conclude that where engagement between hotels and destination communities stems from a focus on prioritising relationships and recognising local knowledge and development capabilities, there is scope for new forms of development conversations to occur and for development alternatives to flourish.


title: Segmenting tourists using sustainable values: a cluster analysis of Tanzanian inbound tourism
type: J
volume: 19
issue: 3
beginPage: 322
endPage: 340
doi: 10.1080/1528008X.2017.1418700
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000433945500003
year: 2018
authors: Jani, D
docAbstract:
This study aimed at examining different segments of visitors to Tanzania with respect to their values around sustainability. Using a self-administered questionnaire, 286 cases were analyzed through a combination of non-hierarchical and hierarchical cluster analyses. The results indicated three clusters of visitors, each with different sustainable values. A follow-up analysis using ANOVA and Chi-square indicates the three clusters are significantly different in their sustainable values, their travel motives, and their demographics. These results provide insights for both public and private organizations on how to market and manage different destination elements to visitors in a sustainable manner.


type: J
volume: 19
issue: 3
beginPage: 286
endPage: 312
doi: 10.1080/15470148.2018.1467808
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435723400007
year: 2018
authors: Jung, SY, Kim, YS, Tanford, S, Raab, C
title:
A comparison of planners' site-selection intentions towards a sustainability reward program, location, and overall costs

docAbstract:
Previous research indicates that environmental attitudes do not always translate into environmentally sustainable behavioral intention. The current research uses sustainability reward programs as incentives for people to have environmentally friendly behavioral intentions. Specifically, this study investigates how sustainability reward program affect meeting planners' site-selection intention in comparison with other factors such as location and overall costs. While the results of the study discover that the effect of sustainability reward programs was not significant for planners' site-selection intention, considerable differences were found on the effects of other factors between different types of planners. The findings provide important theoretical and practical implications.


title: Internationalization as a determinant of systematic risk: the role of restaurant type
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 8
beginPage: 2791
endPage: 2809
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-06-2017-0321
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000447497000004
year: 2018
authors: Lee, S, Jung, S, Dalbor, M
docAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold: to investigate the relationship between restaurant firms' internationalization and systematic risk, and to further examine the relationship between internationalization and systematic risk based on the type of restaurant firm (i.e. limited-service vs full-service restaurants). Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes data from US-based publicly traded restaurant firms by estimating systematic risk based on the Carhart four-factor model and by performing a two-way random-effects model. Findings Findings support not only the risk-reduction effect of internationalization on systematic risk but also the moderating effect of the role of restaurant type on the relationship between internationalization and systematic risk. More specifically, the risk-reduction effect of internationalization on systematic risk is greater for limited-service than full-service restaurants. Practical implications The findings of this study can provide restaurant executives with more confidence in pursuing internationalization as part of their risk management strategy, acknowledging that more international operations could mitigate restaurant firms' systematic risk. More specifically, limited-service restaurants can more significantly enjoy the risk-reduction benefits by increasing their international operations than full-service restaurants based on the findings of this study. Furthermore, risk-averse investors could consider purchasing shares of limited-service multinational restaurants' stocks to enjoy more risk-reduction benefits. Originality/value By focusing on the restaurant industry with consideration for the restaurant type, this study provides more tailored recommendations for implementing internationalization strategies with regard to risk management.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1105
endPage: 1123
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1421201
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800005
year: 2018
authors: Kim, B, Kang, KH, Jung, S, Kim, JH
title:
Internationalization and corporate social responsibility in the restaurant industry: risk perspective

docAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine a moderating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the relationship between internationalization and systematic risk in the US restaurant industry context. While much of the strategic and financial management literature have devoted substantial attention to systematic risk associated with internationalization and CSR, separately, this study will add value to the literature by investigating the interaction effect of the two strategies. In addition, this study further expands the hypothesis development and the analysis by dividing aggregate CSR activities into positive CSR activities (PCSR) and negative CSR activities (NCSR) to investigate different moderating effects of the two CSR dimensions with theoretical and literature backgrounds of the real option theory, the cue-diagnosticity, and the degree of intimacy in terms of the positivity effect.


type: J
volume: 10
issue: 3
beginPage: 189
endPage: 203
doi: 10.1080/19407963.2018.1443938
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443899700002
year: 2018
authors: Kakoudakis, KI, McCabe, S
title:
Social tourism as a modest, yet sustainable, development strategy: policy recommendations for Greece

docAbstract:
Recent findings from social tourism research and evidence from its practice have shown that social tourism has multiple benefits, both for individual participants and host-communities within destinations. The latter in particular have been acknowledged by the European Union and have been included in its recent sustainable tourism policy. Yet, there are a limited number of studies that have attempted to explicate the close linkages between social tourism and sustainable development, and to inform public policy. This paper aims to do so with specific reference to Greek social tourism programmes. Drawing upon development theory, specifically sustainable development, and sustainable tourism research in particular, the study builds an argument for the potential of social tourism to act as a stabilising force in the Greek tourism system, contributing to the achievement of sustainability outcomes for host-communities. In doing so, the paper makes tangible policy recommendations, which are also timely, given the current socioeconomic environment that has been shaped in Greece, across Europe, and elsewhere, since the 2008 crisis. RESUMENLos resultados recientes de la investigacion en turismo social y la evidencia de esta practica han mostrado que el turismo social tiene multiples beneficios, tanto para los participantes individuales como para las comunidades anfitrionas en los destinos. Esto ultimo en particular ha sido reconocido por la Union Europea y ha sido incluido en su reciente politica de turismo sostenible. Aun asi, hay un numero reducido de estudios que hayan intentado explicar las estrechas conexiones entre el turismo social y el desarrollo sostenible asi como informar la politica publica. Este trabajo aspira a esto con referencia especifica a los programas griegos de turismo social. Haciendo uso de la teoria del desarrollo, especificamente desarrollo sostenible, y la investigacion en desarrollo sostenible en particular, este trabajo presenta un alegato sobre el potencial del turismo social para actuar como una fuerza estabilizadora en el sistema turistico griego contribuyendo al logro de los resultados sostenibles para las comunidades anfitrionas. De esta forma, este trabajo hace tangible las recomendaciones politicas, que son al tambien oportunas, dado el entorno socioeconomico actual que ha sido moldeado en Grecia, en Europa y en todo el mundo desde la crisis de 2008.PALABRAS CLAVESturismo social; desarrollo sostenible; estacionalidad; politica publica; crisis griega RESUMELes resultats des recherches recentes sur le tourisme social et les donnees probantes generees par l'aspect pratique ont montre que le tourisme social presente de multiples avantages, tant pour les participants individuellement que pour les communautes d'accueil dans les destinations. Les avantages des destinations ont ete particulierement reconnus par l'Union europeenne et ont ete integres dans sa recente politique du tourisme durable. Neanmoins, quelques etudes ont tente d'expliquer l'existence de liens etroits entre le tourisme social et le developpement durable, en vue d'influencer la mise en place des politiques publiques. L'analyse de ces liens est le but de la presente etude dont les references sont faites specifiquement aux programmes du tourisme social grec. S'appuyant sur la theorie du developpement, particulierement le developpement durable et la recherche sur le tourisme durable, cette etude confirme que le potentiel du tourisme social est capable de stabiliser le systeme touristique grec en contribuant a l'acquisition des resultats durables pour les communautes d'accueil. Partant, cet article formule des recommandations concretes des politiques qui sont egalement opportunes, eu egard a l'environnement socio-economique actuel qui s'est developpe depuis la crise de 2008 en Grece, en Europe et ailleurs.MOTS-CLEStourisme social; developpement durable; saisonnalite; politique publique; crise grecque


type: J
volume: 22
issue: 2
beginPage: 117
endPage: 130
doi: 10.3727/154427218X15319286372270
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000447850700003
year: 2018
authors: Kamanga, G, Bello, FG
title:
EXPLORING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) ADOPTION IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF MALAWI

docAbstract:
Many studies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) have focused on the understanding of CSR, CSR practices, masons for and barriers against the adoption of CSR, and the extent of adoption. In tourism, CSR has been closely linked to responsible tourism as tourism is believed to bring with it a number of negative impacts; hence, CSR is used as one of the ways of protecting the very resources that attract tourists to ensure the sustainability of tourism businesses. More studies have been conducted on CSR adoption in hospitality operations than the tourism sector worldwide. This study explores the practices and perspectives on CSR by tour operating companies in Malawi and the extent to which they have adopted the concept. A qualitative research approach was used for this study with semistructured interviews targeting senior managers of the tour operating companies. The study found that most tour operating companies have not fully adopted CSR.


type: J
volume: 15
issue: 1
beginPage: 55
endPage: 67
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2017.1312508
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429067800005
year: 2018
authors: Kato, K
title:
Debating Sustainability in Tourism Development: Resilience, Traditional Knowledge and Community: A Post-disaster Perspective

docAbstract:
This paper proposes resilience as a foundation for sustainability, and sustainable tourism development, identifying that resilience relates to place-based knowledge and senses originating from human-land interaction over a long period of time. A specific case drawn here is the post-disaster recovery phase in rural communities, following the devastation that overwhelmed the northern east coast of Japan on 11 March 2011. Disaster-resilience, although stated as a priority in many of the governmental reconstruction visions, is not easily defined or facilitated. This paper attempts to locate disaster-resilience in the context of sustainable tourism development, through cases of coastal communities in Iwate Prefecture on the Sanriku Coast in their early phase of recovery. With social sustainability-oriented tourism concepts and resilience planning as a framework, the paper argues that the tourism development in the early recovery is vital in assisting communities maintain their connection with their places, which is argued to be the core of resilience. Such resilience is closely related to traditional ecological knowledge found in personal stories, monuments, folktales, literature and arts. This, it is proposed, lays a foundation for a sustainable recovery and reconstruction, in which tourism can play a vital role. This in return asserts tourism's responsibility in advocating sustainability.


title: Drivers of perceived market and eco-performance in the foodservice industry
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 2
beginPage: 720
endPage: 739
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-07-2016-0361
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000426818600004
year: 2018
authors: Thapa, B, Holland, S, Kim, MS
docAbstract:
Purpose To foster environmental and sustainable practices, foodservice enterprises should exhibit a high degree of corporate social responsibility (CSR), ecological consciousness and innovation in green initiatives. This study examines the influences of CSR practices (i.e. economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic), environmental marketing activities (i.e. strategic and tactical) and innovation (i.e.technological and organizational) as drivers of market and eco-performance in the foodservice industry. Design/methodology/approach Based on an established framework of CSR, environmental marketing and innovation, an exploratory conceptual model was formulated and empirically assessed. Survey data were collected from representatives of the Korean foodservice franchise industry. Data analysis consisted of frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis. Findings Market performance was influenced by tactical environmental marketing, as well as technological and organizational innovation. Eco-performance was affected by tactical environmental marketing and technological innovation. However, technological innovation and organizational innovation were influenced by tactical environmental marketing, but were not significantly affected by strategic environmental marketing. Additionally, strategic environmental marketing was influenced by economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic CSR. Last, tactical environmental marketing was affected by economic, ethical and philanthropic CSR. Practical implications CSR, environmental marketing activities and innovation provide numerous benefits to businesses. Such benefits include enhanced market and eco-performance, both of which create competitive advantages. Originality/value There is a paucity of research on the effects of environmental marketing and innovation on corporate performance in the foodservice industry. The findings provide greater insights into the impacts of CSR, environmental marketing and innovation on corporations' desired outcomes.


type: J
volume: 21
issue: 8
beginPage: 1196
endPage: 1203
doi: 10.1080/17430437.2018.1450718
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000434669700007
year: 2018
authors: Kim, YH, Li, HX, Nauright, J
title:
A destination development by building a brand image and sport event tourism: a case of Sport City USA

docAbstract:
While visitors look for a complete 'experience' and select travel destinations on the basis of the total set of destination attributes, individual suppliers that operate independently usually market offer in fragmented pieces. A destination brand with strong equity leads to greater commitment in the form of loyalty and willingness to revisit the destination. As one of the key components for destination characteristics, the sports industry has rapidly developed in recent years. Two cities were discussed as the known for sport city case and Frisco, Texas was examined for the current study. The results of this study show that the economic impact is significant for a destination. Some critical factors (e.g. sustainability) should be discussed in future study.


type: J
volume: 19
beginPage: 116
endPage: 131
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000444036600008
year: 2018
authors: Komppula, R, Honkanen, A, Rossi, S, Kolesnikova, N
title:
The impact of values on sustainable behaviour - A study among Russian and Finnish university students

docAbstract:
Schwartz's (1992, 1994) classification of human values is applied when comparing a group of Finnish and Russian university students in terms of their environmentally and socially benign orientation, which is measured by including all three dimensions of sustainability in the measures of consumers' self-reported travelling preferences. A total of 872 responses were included in the data, which were analyzed by using K-mean cluster analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA). Differences between Finnish and Russian students were compared using independent samples t-test with equal variances assumed. The respondents divided evenly into two clusters, which could be named according to Schwarz as Self-Enhancers and Self-Transcenders. The majority of Finnish respondents (67%) were Self-Transcenders, and among Russian students the majority were Self-Enhancers (84%). The findings indicate that among the Russian students the concept of sustainability is understood as an ecological question, but for Finns, it is a comprehensive concept covering ecological, economic and social aspects. In the Finnish sample the value based groups seemed to explain the sustainability concerns, but in the Russian sample, the value based group explained only the attitude towards ecological sustainability. (C) 2018 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


title: Barriers to the Implementation of Strategic Decisions: Evidence from Hotels in a Developing Country
type: J
volume: 27
issue: 5
beginPage: 514
endPage: 543
doi: 10.1080/19368623.2018.1402723
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432206300002
year: 2018
authors: Okumus, F, Koseoglu, MA, Yazici, S
docAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine potential barriers to the implementation of strategic decisions in hotels located in Antalya, Turkey. Empirical data were collected from questionnaires given to managers from three-, four-, and five-star hotels in Antalya. By analyzing the data from the questionnaires, researchers identified the most and least important barriers related to hotel performance and operation time, and extracted seven factors driving the implementation of strategic decisions. The research findings reveal significant relationships between specific factors and performance indicators. This article provides specific theoretical and practical implications of the research, the limitations of the study, and potential areas for future research.


title: Framing corporate social responsibility for a controversial product
type: J
volume: 35
issue: 8
beginPage: 988
endPage: 999
doi: 10.1080/10548408.2018.1468852
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443901700002
year: 2018
authors: Lee, SY, Lee, JY, Cho, YS
docAbstract:
Firms operating casino businesses such as casino hotels often face scrutiny with heightened suspicion regarding the intent of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. This study examined how persuasive intent and the CSR issue influenced consumers' processing of a CSR initiative for a casino hotel. The results of an experiment showed that participants reacted favorably to a CSR initiative, but such positive reactions disappeared when persuasive intent was explicit in the CSR message. This study further explored the underlying mechanism by testing a moderated mediation model in which issue importance in a CSR initiative acted as a moderator.


type: J
volume: 14
issue: 1
beginPage: 42
endPage: 60
doi: 10.1080/19388160.2017.1419897
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432865200003
year: 2018
authors: Lee, S, Xiao, Q, Sun, KA, Wu, LR
title:
A Moderating Role of Green Practices on the Relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: Chinese Hotel Context

docAbstract:
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the existence of a moderating effect of a green initiative on the relationship between service quality and customers' satisfaction in the Chinese hotel context. The study adopts a 2 x 2 between-subjects experimental design using scenarios. Four scenarios provide a mixed combination of high or low cases for a hotel's green participation, and good or poor cases for service quality. The study uses the survey method to collect data from Chinese guests. It finds the main effect of service quality on customers' satisfaction and a significant moderating role for green initiatives on the relationship between service quality and customers' satisfaction, but interestingly found an opposite direction of the moderating role to the one hypothesized. The study's results also reveal an insignificant main effect of a green initiative on customers' satisfaction. The study provides theoretical and practical implications.


type: J
volume: 19
issue: 3
beginPage: 387
endPage: 414
doi: 10.1080/1528008X.2017.1421492
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000433945500006
year: 2018
authors: Sun, KA, Lee, WS, Moon, J
title:
Application of upper echelon theory for corporate social responsibility dimensions: Evidence from the restaurant industry

docAbstract:
This study applies upper echelon theory and validates its conceptual framework by investigating chief executive officers' observable determinants (e.g., the age, tenure, and formal education of topmanagers) of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the restaurant industry. Multiple CSR dimensions (e.g., operational, non-operational, community, diversity, employee, environment, and product) are examined through fixed effects regression. The results indicate that older and highly educated CEOs who serve more stakeholders perform fewer CSR activities, whereas longer tenured CEOs who serve more stakeholders perform more CSR activities. Consequently, non-operational, community-, diversity-, employee-, and environment-related CSR activities are significantly explained by the proposed attributes. By validating both the theoretical perspectives of upper echelon theory and the role of stakeholder demands in CSR decisions, this research can contribute to expanding the CSR and upper echelon literature to the restaurant industry.


title: Leave More Trace
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 3
beginPage: 179
endPage: 186
doi: 10.18666/JOREL-2018-V10-I3-8444
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441623300002
year: 2018
authors: Loynes, C
docAbstract:
Outdoor educators are adapting practices to respond to the priorities of education for sustainability. New practices are emerging or adopted from elsewhere. In Europe, the American recreational movement of Leave No Trace (LNT) has influenced environmental education programs. LNT has been criticized for encouraging a reduction in environmental impact in wilderness areas while ignoring the more significant impacts of equipment purchase, travel, and modern lifestyles. This paper extends the critiques of LNT, suggesting that it encourages attitudes of a separation from nature. It suggests that the LNT concept is unrealistic and unhelpful in Europe, where most landscapes have experienced the impact of humans for millennia. Inspired by European approaches of human-nature relations, and at a time of need for significant environmental changes, I suggest that educational programs seeking to connect people with nature encourage people to "leave more trace" or, perhaps, to "consider their trace" instead.


title: An examination of the perceived value of organic dining
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 8
beginPage: 2826
endPage: 2844
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-05-2017-0267
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000447497000006
year: 2018
authors: Lu, L, Chi, CGQ
docAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to explore the perceived hedonic and utilitarian value of organic dining along with its antecedents and dining outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from two groups of US consumers who had recently visited a quick-service or upscale restaurant to consume organic menu items. Data were analyzed using factor analysis and hierarchical regression analyses using Hayes' PROCESS procedure. Findings Perceived hedonic value has two dimensions (dining-centered excitement and social attention and escapism), as does utilitarian value (tangible value and intangible value). Involvement with organic food is a significant antecedent of perceived value. Satisfaction exhibits various mediating effects on behavioral intention, depending on the value factor considered. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to knowledge regarding the perceived dining value of consuming organic food at restaurants. Findings shed light on the importance of understanding perceived value in predicting diners' behavioral intentions across two restaurant segments. Consumers' value perceptions of organic dining differ from those related to general organic food shopping. Practical implications The findings provide clear ways for restaurants to increase the perceived utilitarian and hedonic value of organic food dishes. This study assists restaurant practitioners in managing customer satisfaction and loyalty by prioritizing the effort invested in developing different value perceptions. Originality/value This research is one of the first attempts to delve into consumers' dining experiences with organic food across two major restaurant segments.


title: A measurement scale of corporate social responsibility in gambling industry
type: J
volume: 19
issue: 4
beginPage: 460
endPage: 475
doi: 10.1080/1528008X.2018.1431588
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443743700003
year: 2018
authors: Luo, JM
docAbstract:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) was one of the important marketing tools for Macau gaming companies nowadays. Responsible gambling (RG), which was a part of CSR, had been part of the Chief Executive policy since 2007. This study developed a measurement scale of CSR in Macau from a customer's perspective using three dimensions, economic, social, and environmental. A multistage method was applied to develop a valid and reliable scale. To implement successful marketing strategies, gambling operators needed to identify important CSR areas and areas where extra work was required. This study provided a systemic method to measure CSR in the gambling industry and provided important implications to managers in the gambling industry.


title: European tourism indicator system for sustainable destination management in county Donegal, Ireland
type: J
volume: 20
beginPage: 78
endPage: 91
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451345900005
year: 2018
authors: McLoughlin, E, Hanrahan, J, Duddy, AM, Duffy, S
docAbstract:
Tourism is one of Ireland's most important economic sectors. In 2017, the overall visits to the country have increased by over 10%. However, such growth if not managed correctly can present many challenges to destinations, particularly along Irelands 2500km driving route, the Wild Atlantic Way (WAW). This paper reports on the application of the European Tourism Indicator System for sustainable destination management in County Donegal, Ireland. While significant data was generated on tourism activity at local level, results do suggest that a number of the indicators would need further research going forward. This evidence informed approach to tourism planning can assist Local Authorities in future planning considerations, while also helping to protect the long-term sustainability of the tourism product in County Donegal. (C) 2018 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 1
beginPage: 9
endPage: 28
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1308371
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423682500002
year: 2018
authors: Memili, E, Fang, HQ, Koc, B, Yildirim-Oktem, O, Sonmez, S
title:
Sustainability practices of family firms: the interplay between family ownership and long-term orientation

docAbstract:
Sustainability practices are critical for family firms, as they relate directly to the continuity of the business and relationships with important stakeholders, such as members of the local community. Nevertheless, not all family firms wish to adopt sustainability practices. To examine this, we draw upon the socioemotional wealth perspective in order to develop a theoretical model of the direct negative effects of family ownership on the adoption of sustainability practices. We also suggest moderating effects of long-term orientation (LTO) on this link. Our model is tested on a sample of 195 family firms in the tourism and hospitality sector. The results support our hypothesis that family ownership negatively influences the adoption of sustainability practices. Additionally, LTO moderates the relationship between family ownership and the adoption of sustainability practices, such that family owners with a high LTO are more likely to adopt this particular practice compared to those with a low LTO.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 9
beginPage: 1608
endPage: 1624
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1489399
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452869800008
year: 2018
authors: Mkono, M
title:
The age of digital activism in tourism: evaluating the legacy and limitations of the Cecil anti-trophy hunting movement

docAbstract:
When Cecil the Lion was shot in 2015 by the American tourist, Walter Palmer, the story sparked a global cybermovement against trophy hunting, questioning its sustainability from a moral-ethical standpoint. Indeed the incident was hailed as a possible turning point for the wildlife tourism industry. It remains unclear however whether a movement of this nature could have any meaningful impact. Thus, 2years on from Cecil, what has (not) changed, and why? Findings reveal interventions aimed at deterring hunters, tightening international legislation, and furthering research on African wildlife conservation. However, trophy hunting still persists in much of Southern Africa, pointing to the limitations of digital movements. In explaining the limits of these movements, the article applies Social Movement Impact Theory and juxtaposes the divergent, competing moral criteria operating in the international Cecilgate context.


title: An Assessment of Tourism's Environmental Impact on the Lake Bosomtwe Basin
type: J
volume: 19
issue: 3
beginPage: 259
endPage: 288
doi: 10.1080/15256480.2017.1324338
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000440700400002
year: 2018
authors: Mohammed, AK
docAbstract:
Using information from interviews with key stakeholders and secondary sources, this article assessed whether Lake Bosomtwe tourism development has negatively impacted its ecology and, if so, what can be done to mitigate the impact. The evidence showed that despite the increase in awareness of the need to protect the lake environment, far greater abuses of the ecology are endemic for two reasons-the mismatch between knowledge andpractice of ecologically sustainable tourismdevelopment, and the omission from the calculus of the influences that segments of the tourism supply chain have on one another to encourage more environmentally responsible tourism.


title: Effects of green practices on guest satisfaction and loyalty
type: J
volume: 20
beginPage: 92
endPage: 104
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451345900006
year: 2018
authors: Moise, MS, Gil-Saura, I, Ruiz-Molina, ME
docAbstract:
Due to the growing awareness of consumers about the seriousness of environmental problems and the importance of environmental protection, more and more hotel companies have been developing green practices to respond to this environmental concern of customers. This paper proposes and tests the relationship between these "green" initiatives and the satisfaction of tourists and their intentions to return and their willingness to spread a positive word-of-mouth (WOM) of the hotel. In order to compare the hypotheses proposed, the methodology of the survey is used through a structured questionnaire based on the information provided by guests staying in 3 and 4-star hotels. The results show that there is a positive relationship between "green" practices and customer satisfaction, and in turn provides evidence of the effect of environmental measures, both direct and mediated through satisfaction, on the intention to return and the WOM developed by guests. Moreover, the motive of the trip plays a moderating role in the relationship between hotel "green practices" and guest satisfaction. Our work highlights the importance of the hotel companies' implementation of sustainable practices to meet the needs of their clients and the attainment of favourable attitudes towards their intention to return. (C) 2018 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


type: J
volume: 73
issue: 3
beginPage: 277
endPage: 296
doi: 10.1108/TR-08-2017-0138
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443160900001
year: 2018
authors: Coromina, L, Gonzalez, VM, Gali, N
title:
Overtourism: residents' perceptions of tourism impact as an indicator of resident social carrying capacity - case study of a Spanish heritage town

docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to assess the value of impact perceptions as an indicator of social carrying capacity in the heritage town of Besalu, Spain. Additionally, it assesses the impact tourism dependence and other socio-demographic variables have on this indicator. Design/methodology/approach - A literature review on social exchange theory (SET) and carrying capacity related to impact perceptions is presented. The method was a survey, with a questionnaire based on the literature review and in-depth interviews. The results have been analyzed statistically to determine the links between perceptions and socio-demographic variables. Using statistical tools, perceptions are compared to three indicators that have been used to determine capacity in literature: willingness to accept more tourism, tourism pressure and the tourist function index. Findings - The willingness of residents to enter into, and remain, in an exchange relationship is affected primarily by tourism dependence, and to a lesser extent by gender and education. Additionally, impact perceptions do not correspond to a willingness to accept more tourists. The impacts of tourism on conservation show greater consensus, while impacts on the availability of space for residents show links to other capacity indicators. Originality/value - This study enhances the body of knowledge on social carrying capacity in heritage towns, by focusing on a regionally prominent day-tripper heritage town facing high tourism pressure which is Besalu. From a theoretical perspective, this study attempts to merge carrying capacity and SET, thus linking sustainability to social exchange. It also highlights the importance of a gender-based perspective in sustainability.


title: Enclave tourism versus agritourism: the economic debate
type: J
volume: 21
issue: 17
beginPage: 1946
endPage: 1965
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2016.1235554
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000445473600002
year: 2018
authors: Naidoo, P, Pearce, PL
docAbstract:
The approaches to tourism development vary in different settings. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the conversation on the relative economic advantages of enclave and agritourism in a small island context. This study explicitly discusses these two forms of tourism in the island of Mauritius where tourism is a key pillar of the local economy. This study uses a novel format where stakeholder perspectives are reviewed based on a simulated debate between two sets of advocates. The debate arguments rely on a grounded methodology where in-depth interviews were conducted to gather the opinions of three substantial groups of stakeholders: notably, government officials, business interests and local community members. The multi-faceted arguments are built on the identified local concerns and perspectives and provide a forum for the voices of diverse participants from the tourism world of Mauritius. The format offers a rich, realistic set of arguments exploring the economic merits of both forms of tourism in a specific setting. Five main themes influence the economic support for tourism development: certainty of tourism income, scale of tourism development, employment, regional disparity and the challenge of change.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 8
beginPage: 1325
endPage: 1343
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1443114
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000444569200003
year: 2018
authors: Ngo, T, Lohmann, G, Hales, R
title:
Collaborative marketing for the sustainable development of community-based tourism enterprises: voices from the field

docAbstract:
This paper examines stakeholder engagement in the collaborative marketing of community-based tourism enterprises (CBTEs). The study explored the various collaborative marketing approaches shaped by diverse stakeholders' perspectives on ways to achieve the sustainable development of CBTEs in Vietnam. The results of 30 in-depth, semi-structured interviews from three CBTEs in Vietnam showed that three collaborative marketing approaches were prevailed among CBTE stakeholders and were categorised as commercial viability-driven, community development-driven and balanced approaches. The approaches' differences were reflected in the marketing objectives to achieve CBTE sustainability, the central linkages of CBTE collaborative marketing, and the facilitators of stakeholder collaboration. The research found a knowledge gap between researchers and research participants and divergent perspectives among different categories of research participants regarding marketing and CBTE sustainability. This paper implies the role of a knowledge co-production approach to drive the stakeholder engagement in CBTE collaborative marketing for CBTEs' long-term success. Additionally, this study provides insights into the discussion of marketing for sustainable tourism. Furthermore, the findings contribute to a better understanding of the collaborative approach at the organisational level.


type: J
volume: 10
issue: 1
beginPage: 53
endPage: 70
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000430737500004
year: 2018
authors: Nick, G, Pongracz, F, Radacs, E
title:
INTERPRETATION OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION IN THE ERA OF SMART CITIES OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

docAbstract:
The exponential development of information technology and, in this context, the latest generation of open innovation systems result in revolutionary changes in almost every industry as well as in other areas of life. From the automotive industry to the energy sector and to tourism, newcomers emerge everywhere, building on the tools of disruptive innovation, which with earlier unprecedented speeds transform their previous industry power. The essence of the smart city approach is to put the latest tools of technological advancement in serving the social, economic and ecological sustainability of cities' lives for the inhabitants as well as for the enterprises of the city. Industry 4.0 is an imagined future, which in our opinion - in direct or indirect ways - would have a fundamental influence on smart cities and their environment and regions, given that their primary goal is to improve a country's competitiveness. In our study, we review the relevant literature on the definition of and approach to innovation as well as the smart city concept in this new revolutionary age, we demonstrate relevant correlations between the concepts of disruptive innovation, smart city and Industry 4.0.


title: Sacred Landscape for a Global Approach
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 8
beginPage: 1
endPage: 16
doi: 10.6092/issn.2036-5195/7913
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000433114900002
year: 2018
authors: Niglio, O
docAbstract:
The sacred values of the landscape and their meaning depend on the cultural contexts of reference that over time have consolidated or modified traditions, rituals and beliefs. The sacredness of the landscape has no connection with materiality except with the sensory perception that helps man to feel and know what can not be touched. The sacred landscape establishes the relationship between man and nature, through an aesthetic in which it is not always possible to find a rational dimension. A relationship that persists in the territory with the ability to acquire a greater degree of sustainability than other properties. The fear on the part of UNESCO and of the religious and secular communities of a weakening of this heritage requires facing the concept of "sacred value", starting from a refraiming of the sacred landscape, the " Property of Religious Interest (PRI)", expression of a very rich cultural and natural biodiversity. Are the sacred landscapes at risk? Where and why? Is it possible rewriting the landscape or not? What is the behavior of local communities and different target users? The contribution aims to analyze the concept of " sacred value" of the landscape with the support also of some significant examples taken from different cultural and geographical areas, very important case studies for a qualitative methodology with a global approach.


title: Local opinions on trophy hunting in Kyrgyzstan
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 1
beginPage: 68
endPage: 84
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1319843
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423682500005
year: 2018
authors: Nordbo, I, Turdumambetov, B, Gulcan, B
docAbstract:
As traditional international trophy hunting destinations are becoming less accessible due to hunting restrictions and regulations, new destinations are entering the scene, such as the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, located in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan has grown to be one of the top destinations for international trophy hunting of argali Ovis ammon and ibex Capra sibirica, both of which are in danger of extinction. Empirically, the article draws on a case study from the largest region in Kyrgyzstan, At-Bashy, and 395 questionnaires with local inhabitants from 5 villages, and 1 interview with an international trophy hunting tour operator. In this article, the impacts of trophy hunting as a tourism practice in a rural context is discussed in terms of its sustainability and through the opinions of the local inhabitants. In sum, the negative impacts of trophy hunting in At-Bashy seem to overrule the positive ones, and in its current form it is not sustainable. The local inhabitants report about a decrease in argali and ibex during the last years; they receive basically no economic benefits from hunting tourism; and not surprisingly, 70% of the population rejects the further development of the industry in its current shape.


title: ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TOURISM SYSTEMS: A SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL APPROACH
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 1
beginPage: 49
endPage: 66
doi: 10.3727/154427218X15202734130440
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432971700005
year: 2018
authors: Nyaupane, GP, Poudel, S, Timothy, DJ
docAbstract:
Tourism destinations operate as a complex system, consisting of multiple interacting components that are nonlinear, cross-scale, evolving, and interdependent. The purpose of this article is to deconstruct the complex tourism system so that the important components of the system can be identified and critically evaluated. The research was conducted in two popular tourism destination communities in Nepal-Ghandruk and Sauraha-using a systemic and holistic approach called a social-ecological system (SES) framework to analyze the structures, processes, and outcomes of tourism. Data collection involved 45 face-to-face, semistructured interview's and a review' of published and unpublished archival documents. This article further expanded Ostrom's SES framew'ork to systematically analyze the sustainability of complex and dynamic tourism systems that would be useful to evaluate destinations' sustainability performance. The findings show' that tourism brought mixed, mostly positive and some negative, sociocultural, economic, and ecological outcomes in both communities. Overall, tourism development is progressing towards sustainability in these destinations, though present conditions do not meet the ideal state envisioned by the concept of sustainable tourism. The theoretical, methodological, and policy implications of the SES framework are discussed.


title: Sustaining the common good: tourism professional motives to volunteer for the tourism industry
type: J
volume: 43
issue: 1
beginPage: 68
endPage: 81
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2017.1371474
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435555800006
year: 2018
authors: Olsen, LM, Vogt, C, Andereck, K
docAbstract:
Volunteer tourism research has studied individual motives to participating in development work overseas. There is, however, an absence of research examining what influences corporate individual employees to volunteer for tourism-related activities as representatives of their organisation within their own country. This paper investigates tourism professionals' purpose(s) for engaging in tourism-centred volunteer tourism opportunities and, in addition, compares tourism professional motives with motives of volunteer tourists as reported in previous research. Purposive sampling techniques were employed to select individuals, and data were collected through 23 interviews with tourism professionals attending the 1-3 November 2015 Tourism Cares event in Williams, AZ, USA (a town near Grand Canyon National Park, USA). Tourism Cares is a non-profit tourism industry organisation supporting tourism industry education and community building. Results suggest tourism professionals' motives to volunteer for the tourism industry are linked to the common good approach and the sustaining of the tourism product, which directly affects tourism professionals' livelihood. This is a new volunteer tourist motive related to corporate or individual employees who volunteer for their own industry. Study implications can be beneficial for employee-volunteer management and business ethics, as well as its contribution to corporate social responsibility, sustainable tourism, and volunteer tourism research.


title: Impact of brand experience on loyalty
type: J
volume: 27
issue: 7
beginPage: 755
endPage: 774
doi: 10.1080/19368623.2018.1445055
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441657300001
year: 2018
authors: Ong, CH, Lee, HW, Ramayah, T
docAbstract:
Economic value has moved beyond delivering quality services to include distinctive brand experiences. Brand experiences are vital in developing brand loyalty and achieving business sustainability. Business performance, in particular, is influenced by customer loyalty directly through purchase behavior, as well as indirectly through attitude towards a brand. Customers may encounter different types of experience with a brand through sensation, affection, behavior, and intellect. Hence, this paper seeks to determine the relationships between each component of brand experience and customers' true brand loyalties. Customers revisiting successful SMEs in the restaurant industry provided 228 units of feedback for this study. Findings revealed that different types of brand experience influence each customer's true brand loyalty differently. Managerial implications are addressed in the discussion section.


title: Trust as mediator of corporate social responsibility, image and loyalty in the hotel sector
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1273
endPage: 1289
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1447944
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800014
year: 2018
authors: Palacios-Florencio, B, del Junco, JG, Castellanos-Verdugo, M, Rosa-Diaz, IM
docAbstract:
The hotel sector, one of the main pillars of the tourism industry, recognizes its social responsibility and considers it as part of its image. For this reason, firms require new variables and tools to respond to stakeholders' needs. Trust is an essential variable in meeting these needs. However, managers are unaware that they can achieve much more through trust than through other variables. In this paper, with a sample of 629 guests in four international hotels, we use a model to show that the corporate social responsibility (CSR) association affects not only customers' loyalty and the image they have of the hotel, but also their trust. Furthermore, this study confirms that the presence of trust as a mediator between CSR and image and loyalty leads to increased loyalty and positive image among guests. Our study shows that hotels should invest in socially responsible initiatives and develop actions to strengthen trust in order to improve their image and increase loyalty. We anticipate that our study will be a starting point for strengthening the literature on this issue, and call on researchers to extend enquiry in this field and provide hotels with guidelines for improvement in the above-mentioned variables using trust as a mediator.


title: The influence of corporate social responsibility on travel company employees
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 1
beginPage: 178
endPage: 196
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-07-2016-0372
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000424495000008
year: 2018
authors: Lee, CK, Park, SY, Kim, H
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine how employees' perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) influence their work engagement (WE), innovative behavior (IB) and intention to stay (IS) with their company, to illuminate the role of CSR at the individual employee level. Design/methodology/approach - The data for this study are responses of 455 employees to an online survey at the largest travel company in South Korea. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in Mplus 7.3 are used to analyze the data. Findings - Results show that employee perceptions of CSR regarding customers and employees significantly and positively influence their WE, which in turn positively influence their IB and IS. Moreover, WEmediates these relationships. Research limitations/implications - Results of this study may not represent the entire travel industry or the country. This study's model should be tested in other companies and countries. Additionally, longitudinal studies will help understand how employees' perceptions of CSR and their effects on work attitudes and behavior change over time. Practical implications - CSR can be an important tool for developing social capital within an organization by increasing employees' engagement at work. Higher WE can help employees exert more efforts toward their company's innovation and stay longer with their company, which can contribute to the company's performance and competitiveness. Originality/value - This study develops and empirically tests a theoretical model based on various disciplines. It extends existing CSR studies by examining the effects of CSR on WE and the mediation effects of WE, which have been rarely explored. This further explains how CSR influences employees' attitudes and behavior that benefit a company's competitive advantage to shed light on the resource-based view about employees being an important resource.


type: J
volume: 13
issue: 6
beginPage: 489
endPage: 505
doi: 10.1080/1743873X.2018.1435665
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000446505900002
year: 2018
authors: Guilarte, YP, Gonzalez, RCL
title:
Sustainability and visitor management in tourist historic cities: the case of Santiago de Compostela, Spain

docAbstract:
Tourism has a leading role in heritage cities and this implies a major challenge. The overall objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of tourism planning and management with the view of achieving sustainable tourism in the historic center of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. The study addresses topics collected during a long research process of more than 10 years, such as strategic tourism plans, the implementation of quality management systems for tourism, the tourist supply and the regulation of flows. The results show a destination that has introduced alternatives to improve the tourism experience and diversify its offer beyond the Camino de Santiago. There is also growing concern in promoting the sustainability of the historic center. From our point of view, the strengthening of synergies between the different agents involved in the tourism sector of the city has been a key factor in dealing with this situation. However, in this sense, the main problem which is decongesting the tourist flows to the cathedral and its surroundings is still unresolved.


title: Social responsibility and total quality in the hospitality industry: does gender matter?
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 5
beginPage: 722
endPage: 739
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1401631
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000430049500002
year: 2018
authors: Quintana-Garcia, C, Marchante-Lara, M, Benavides-Chicon, CG
docAbstract:
This empirical study examines the role of gender diversity in top management teams (TMTs) and their impact on corporate social responsibility (CSR), which is an underexplored topic within the hotel sector. Based on stakeholder theory, we argue that the relationship between gender diversity and hotel performance is indirect and mediated by CSR. Our study also analyses how the implementation of total quality management (TQM) and CSR influences hotel stakeholder results, and hence business performance. Using a sample of Spanish hotels, we provide evidence that gender diversity in TMTs increases the level of implementation of CSR within the hotel industry. The results show that the impact of gender diversity on hotel performance is mediated by CSR. The findings also suggest that the adoption of TQM and CSR management philosophies improves the capacity of hotels to benefit their stakeholders, and that this improvement has a positive effect on hotel performance.


title: Examining the predictive validity of SUS-TAS with maximum parsimony in developing island countries
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 3
beginPage: 379
endPage: 398
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1355918
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000427731100003
year: 2018
authors: Woosnam, KM, Ribeiro, MA, Pinto, P, Silva, JA
docAbstract:
The Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (SUS-TAS) has been used as a tool to gauge the sentiment of local residents toward sustainable tourism development. This scale has been validated in cross-cultural settings by several scholars. In a like manner, in order to validate this scale, data were collected in the Cape Verde islands (off the coast of Africa) and the results showed (1) a parsimonious version of the 21-item SUS-TAS that facilitates the process of data collection without compromising its robustness and psychometric properties, (2) a validated second-order factor model, confirming that the seven factors of SUS-TAS can be loaded in two broader dimensions named perceived tourism impacts and expected tourism sustainability, (3) a SUS-TAS second-order factor model with validity in predicting residents' support for sustainable tourism development, (4) that SUS-TAS can be interpreted by seven individual factors and/or as a global factor as indicated by the hierarchical measurement model and predictive validity. Methodological and theoretical interpretations are discussed and future refinement and applications are also offered.


title: Online focus groups: a valuable alternative for hospitality research?
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 11
beginPage: 3175
endPage: 3191
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-11-2017-0715
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000450642600002
year: 2018
authors: Richard, B, Sivo, S, Orlowski, M, Ford, R, Murphy, J, Boote, D, Witta, E
docAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to test the idea generation capabilities of online text-based focus groups as compared to the traditional in-person focus groups using sustainability in the hospitality industry as the idea generation topic. Idea generation quantity and quality are analyzed and the theoretical and practical implications for the hospitality industry are discussed. Design/methodology/approach An experimental study tested the quality of ideas generated by online versus in-person focus groups. Participants were purposively sampled from the hospitality program at a large southeastern United States university and randomly assigned into one of two treatment groups: online text-based or traditional in-person focus groups. During both treatment groups participants generated ideas focused on sustainability in the hospitality industry. Findings The online focus group generated a comparable quantity of ideas, in addition to a similar average quality of ideas and number of good ideas. Practical implications The generation of ideas and the selection of opportunities drive the innovation process through which firms can strengthen their competitive advantage and maintain and grow market share and profitability. The results of this study may assist hospitality firms in determining which form of qualitative research delivers the highest return on investment by generating the best ideas at the lowest cost. Originality/value This paper breaks new ground by assessing the effectiveness of idea generation in online versus traditional focus groups, comparing both the quantity and quality of ideas generated from an experimental study that uses random assignment.


title: Re-Placing Outdoor Education: Diversity, Inclusion, and the Microadventures of the Everyday
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 1
beginPage: 20
endPage: 32
doi: 10.18666/JOREL-2018-V10-I1-8152
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000430964000003
year: 2018
authors: Roberts, JW
docAbstract:
With the increased emphasis on sustainability and place-based education, along with a heightened sense of awareness of diversity and inclusion issues in outdoor education, the time has come to critically examine the long-held trip and expedition construct within the outdoor education field. This paper will explore the theoretical influences of Romanticism on the field and connect these influences to long-standing and unresolved issues of diversity and inclusion in outdoor education. Using the romantic concept of the "sublime," I argue that outdoor and adventure education have traditionally settled around the organizing motif of the trip and the expedition in contrast with local and everyday experiences, and as a result, these frameworks have caused the field to miss opportunities for wider acceptance and usage as well as solidarity with like-minded pedagogies in environmental and place-based education. In this paper, I claim that a critical awareness of the romantic legacy, combined with a renewed focus on the concept of place and everyday experiences, will allow the fields of outdoor and adventure education to expand in influence and inclusion.


type: J
volume: 23
issue: 7
beginPage: 734
endPage: 746
doi: 10.1080/10941665.2018.1488752
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000436822200009
year: 2018
authors: Romao, J, Nijkamp, P, Machino, K
title:
Integrative diversification of wellness tourism services in rural areas - an operational framework model applied to east Hokkaido (Japan)

docAbstract:
A framework model for wellness tourism development in rural areas is developed in this paper, combining the concepts of integrative diversification, tourism product development, and an endogenous approach to innovation dynamics. Three spatial levels of wellness services are considered (establishment, destination, and the region where they are located) in order to identify the required resources, services to develop, stakeholders to involve, and a process to match the supply and demand in wellness tourism. The paper concludes with an exploratory application to the case of east Hokkaido (Japan), identifying crucial challenges for a diversification of wellness services based on the traditional onsen practices.


title: A hedonic price model for ski lift tickets in the Dolomites
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 2
beginPage: 222
endPage: 235
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-12-2017-0082
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432187200009
year: 2018
authors: Rosson, S, Zirulia, L
docAbstract:
Purpose - Different, alternative or complementary strategies have been advanced for the rejuvenation of the ski tourism product, thus favoring its economic and environmental sustainability. This paper aims to provide new suggestions by looking at the determinants of ski lift ticket prices in the Dolomites. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses a hedonic price model approach, which allows the identification of the relative importance of different attributes on the determination of a product price. Findings - The model shows that a higher level of investment in modern lifts and snowmaking equipment undertaken by the resort pays off in terms of customers' perceived value-for-money relationship. The same is not true for investments in the enlargement of the skiable surface or the introduction of night skiing options and illuminated slopes. The authors found evidence that non-participatory activities, such as different winter sports and on-slope entertainment, can improve the customer's perception of resorts' quality. Finally, reputation plays an important role in determining the customers' perception of good value-for-money destinations and deals. Originality/value - With respect to previous works, the research expands the range of attributes possibly impacting ski lift ticket prices. Identifying crucial elements consumers would be willing to pay for allows managers to re-think and adjust their products and prices accordingly, improving the economic sustainability of the ski tourism product.


type: J
volume: 21
issue: 15
beginPage: 1728
endPage: 1742
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2016.1225698
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441634600003
year: 2018
authors: Ruhanen, L, Whitford, M
title:
Racism as an inhibitor to the organisational legitimacy of Indigenous tourism businesses in Australia

docAbstract:
Indigenous policy in many countries including Australia is focused on enhancing the socio-economic situation of Indigenous peoples through the encouragement of sustainable business models, including tourism business. Arguably, however, there are too few examples of sustainable Indigenous tourism businesses. Several authors have acknowledged that racism and discrimination are inhibitors to the sustainable development of Indigenous tourism businesses. Others have suggested that racism and discrimination directly impact on the extent to which these businesses are seen and respected as legitimate'; that is, Indigenous business operators need to establish themselves as legitimate businesspersons in order to operate effectively in the global marketplace. Organisational legitimacy provides a useful lens for considering racism and discrimination and the extent to which it influences the perceived legitimacy of Indigenous tourism businesses. Legitimacy theory focuses on whether the norms exhibited by an organisation are congruent with the most general norms of society. This conceptual paper explores issues of racism and discrimination in Australia and the associated implications for Indigenous tourism businesses. This discussion is situated within the broader theory of organisational legitimacy; a concept that is commonly applied in various fields of business management, yet is largely unexplored within the tourism literature.


title: Sustainable cultural heritage tourism at Ban Wangka Village, Thailand
type: J
volume: 29
issue: 2
beginPage: 183
endPage: 193
doi: 10.1080/13032917.2017.1414435
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000439048100002
year: 2018
authors: Kozak, M, Sangchumnong, A
docAbstract:
Ban Wangka Village is the most robust Mon community tourist destination in Thailand. However, since tourism arrived many changes have occurred. Sustainable cultural heritage tourism is the key element in the development of this destination and TBL is a key strategy that was implemented in order to develop the destination and to prevent unsustainable practices. Also, a qualitative method was applied using in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews with five groups of tourism stakeholders. The results reveal the details of the sustainable tourism situation and the various ways to best develop it. It was also found that the social and ethical dimension of the destination has been overshadowed by the economic dimension, which may lead to a lack of sustainability.


title: Diving into the consequences of stakeholders unheard
type: J
volume: 20
beginPage: 105
endPage: 124
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000451345900007
year: 2018
authors: Scholtz, M, Saayman, M
docAbstract:
The positive sentiment, as well as the role of the residents as a key stakeholder in the scuba diving tourism system (SDTS) in Italy's Portofino Marine Protected area (PMPA), is essential for the sustainability of the SDTS. However, studies on this area found that residents did not form part of the planning and the implementation of the MPA or SDTS, and as a result, negativity towards these industries was observed. It was the purpose of this study to determine possible gaps in communication and understanding between two key stakeholders in this SDTS, namely the residents and the dive operators in order to create better undertstanding and resident sentiment towards the industry. This was done through a mixed-method approach. Interviews were held with dive operators, after which a questionnaire was distributed to residents. From the results, misperceptions and miscommunication were found between the two stakeholders which caused negativity in the SDTS. The data showed that residents are not aware that they are stakeholders with an essential role in the SDTS. This study contributes to current literature regarding the importance of residents as stakeholders in SDTSs and the tourism industry as a whole, and the manner in which negative social impact perceptions can foster negativity towards tourism activities. From a practical perspective, this study makes recommendations on how systems such as the PMPA and SDTS should be planned and managed by incorporating the key stakeholders into the planning and implementation, thereby bridging the gaps in communication and understanding between the stakeholders, and building a more sustainable tourism industry. (C) 2018 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


title: Paths to the market: analysing tourism distribution channels for community-based tourism
type: J
volume: 43
issue: 3
beginPage: 356
endPage: 371
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2018.1447837
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435558400007
year: 2018
authors: Schott, C, Nhem, S
docAbstract:
This research investigates distribution channels as a critical business mechanism for community-based tourism (CBT) by connecting CBT enterprises to the market. Specifically, the paper is guided by the research question of how the paths to the market can be improved for a culture and heritage-focused CBT enterprise in Cambodia. In addressing this question, the paper explores both the distribution channels structure and the key influencing factors behind the observed structure. The paper is informed by 21 interviews which were conducted with respondents from Banteay Chhmar CBT, key intermediaries, non-governmental organisations, local and central government, and CBT experts. The examination of the distribution channel structure reveals considerable channel diversity, which sees both direct and a variety of indirect channels included in the distribution mix. Due to the community-guided nature of the CBT project, intermediaries had a very strong presence in the distribution structure and maintained both direct and multi-layered indirect channels with consumers. Five factors were identified to underlie the observed distribution structure: commissionable product, product characteristics and market access, information and communication technology, partnership issues, and community capacity. Based on these findings, a range of recommendations are proposed that seek to improve the distribution-channels-related economic sustainability of the CBT project.


title: Climate variability and water use on golf courses: optimization opportunities for a warmer future
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 8
beginPage: 1453
endPage: 1467
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1459629
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000444569200010
year: 2018
authors: Scott, D, Rutty, M, Peister, C
docAbstract:
Global freshwater resources are under ever-increasing pressure that is anticipated to be exacerbated by climate change. Increasing demands for water use will require tourism to improve and disclose its monitoring and reporting, particularly for water-intensive activities such as golf tourism. Using a sample of 129 courses from Ontario (Canada), this is the first study to examine golf course characteristics that influence water use variability (e.g. dominant soil type, ownership type, and age of course). By establishing best in class water use efficiency among common types of courses, potential water extraction savings of 35% are identified (or 6.75 billion litres annually). Importantly, the study also accounts for the influence of climate variability on water use by comparing a climatically normal season (for the 1981-2010 period) with an anomalously dry and warm season to examine the potential impact of future climate change on water use (i.e. reduced precipitation and higher temperatures). Average water use effectively almost doubles during an anomalously dry-warm season (increasing from 59.6 to 94.2 million litres), accentuating the importance of achieving potential water use efficiencies. In addition to best management practices, the need to reshape public perceptions of golf course aesthetics is also discussed.


title: Assessing the sustainability of tourism-related livelihoods in an urban World Heritage Site
type: J
volume: 13
issue: 5
beginPage: 395
endPage: 410
doi: 10.1080/1743873X.2017.1373779
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000440602500002
year: 2018
authors: Srijuntrapun, P, Fisher, D, Rennie, HG
docAbstract:
The relationship between UNESCO World Heritage Sites and tourism has been described as a double-edged sword, with the benefits of tourism countered by its adverse impacts. To the extent that tourism-related livelihoods are dependent on World Heritage status, the loss of that status may have significant adverse effects, especially for poor people. The Sustainable Livelihood Framework has been used to analyse the development, or otherwise, of rural communities in poor regions of the world. This paper uses this approach to examine the urban poor of a World Heritage Site in Thailand, The Historic City of Ayutthaya. As a consequence of tourism and urban industrial development, not only has there been conflict between the urban poor and the Thai government within the designated heritage area, there is also conflict with the neighbouring industrial zones. This has resulted in fears that World Heritage status may be lost. Viewed within DFID's Sustainable Livelihood Framework, lack of capital and little community participation are factors which contribute significantly to an unsustainable livelihood. However, this research concludes that using self-reliance as a measurement of people's livelihood to determine sustainability' is inappropriate in an urban-tourism context because people living in urban areas rely heavily on external sources.


type: J
volume: 43
issue: 3
beginPage: 321
endPage: 334
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2018.1457251
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435558400004
year: 2018
authors: Scherrer, P, Steele, J
title:
Flipping the principal-agent model to foster host community participation in monitoring and evaluation of volunteer tourism programmes

docAbstract:
This paper argues that stakeholder relationships in volunteer tourism represent principal-agent relationships. Using principal-agent (P-A) theory as a theoretical lens, this paper highlights types of relationships between host communities and volunteer tourism organisations most conducive for effective host community participation in the monitoring and evaluation of volunteer tourism programmes. Based on a survey of 80 organisations, followed by qualitative interviews with representatives from 29 organisations, the research concludes that 'flipping' or reversing the conventional P-A model opens up a new perspective on principal-agent relationships in volunteer tourism. This in turn highlights opportunities for facilitating more effective host community participation in monitoring and evaluation which is seen as an essential element to the sustainability of volunteer tourism.


title: Tourism Intensity in the NUTS III Regions of Slovakia
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 16
doi: 10.29036/jots.v9i16.43
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453057000005
year: 2018
authors: Stefko, R, Vasanicova, P, Litavcova, E, Jencova, S
docAbstract:
Although Slovakia is not yet well known on the international tourism market, regional specificity and variability predetermine the Slovak area for the development of tourism, which has become increasingly popular in recent years. The aim of this paper is to assess and visualize the tourism intensity in the NUTS III regions of Slovakia. Therefore, we calculate indicators such as Defert index, tourism intensity rate, Charvat index, index of territorial density of tourism, tourist density rate, and index of land use. Results show that Bratislava Region had the biggest volume of tourism intensity; the second position occupied the Zilina Region; and the Presov Region ranked third. We found out that there has been a positive change in the development of almost all tourism intensity indicators during the period from 2001 to 2016. Based on the values of the calculated indicators, it seems that Slovakia still has the opportunity to develop tourism sector in all regions.


title: SUSTAINABLE LONG-DISTANCE TRAIL MANAGEMENT: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
type: J
volume: 23
issue: 3
beginPage: 365
endPage: 376
doi: 10.3727/108354218X15305418666986
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443323700006
year: 2018
authors: Stender, K, Sanders, D, Dowling, R
docAbstract:
The management of long-distance trails was investigated through a review of global case studies including the Munda Biddi Trail (Australia), Nga Haerenga Cycle Trail (New Zealand), Arizona Trail and Appalachian Trail and Pacific Crest Trail (USA), West Highland Way (UK), Lechweg (Germany/Austria), E-Paths (Europe), Rim of Africa Trail (SA), and Jeju Olle Trail (South Korea). Through comparative analysis, the trail management components were identified as: funding, volunteering, governance, partnerships, conservation, infrastructure, and tourism. These components were then analyzed within the context of political, social and environmental settings. The findings indicate that the most financially sustainable model is the community approach, which involves a partnership between government and a not-for-profit organization. It extends the income stream options and reduces overhead through the use of volunteers for maintenance. Tourism strategies, such as marketing, promotion, and product and destination development, further extend the trail's financial sustainability by maximizing user numbers and partnering with businesses. This also increases regional economic benefits and improves the user experience.


title: The place sustainability scale: measuring residents' perceptions of the sustainability of a town
type: J
volume: 11
issue: 4
beginPage: 370
endPage: 390
doi: 10.1108/JPMD-04-2017-0037
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000446477700001
year: 2018
authors: Taecharungroj, V, Suksaroj, TT, Rattanapan, C
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this research is to develop a scale that assesses place sustainability from the perspectives of residents, who are the main stakeholders. The resulting place sustainability scale (PSS) is a practical and useful tool for place administrators to measure place sustainability at all scales. Design/methodology/approach - This research analyses the data collected from 636 residents in the town of Salaya in Central Thailand. To develop the scale, the authors randomise 318 samples to conduct an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and analyse the rest with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Findings - A total of 11 factors of place sustainability were generated with 33 questionnaire items. Those factors were natural environment, social equity, economic growth, built environment. landscape, liveability, conviviality, transport, energy, water and waste management and governance. Practical implications - The PSS can help place administrators, such as chief executives of sub-districts, mayors of town municipalities or governors of provinces, assess perceived sustainability from the perspectives of their residents. They can use this scale in conjunction with other sustainability indicators that calculate data from real variables and values to develop a comprehensive view of sustainability that includes both real and perceptual dimensions. Originality/value - Numerous available indices and indicators use real variables and values to measure place sustainability. However, they have limitations: they can be complex and incomprehensible to outsiders or they might not support participative processes and policymaking. This research develops an alternative measure of place sustainability that assesses the perceptions of residents.


title: Stand Up and be Counted-A Diverse Economy Perspective of Air New Zealand
type: J
volume: 15
issue: 5
beginPage: 567
endPage: 583
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2018.1504816
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443038300007
year: 2018
authors: Tham, A, Evers-Swindell, B
docAbstract:
Discussions about diverse economies have often been positioned in opposition to profit-focused global economic activity, whereas local communities are often assumed to be sites of diverse economies that embrace economic and non-economic exchanges. We argue that the perceived binary between global profit-focused economic activity and diverse economic/non-economic exchanges based on local community values should be challenged. Major companies, such as airlines, can create diverse models of economic exchange and participate in the diverse economies dialogue. Using Air New Zealand as a case study, this research provides tangible examples of how diverse economies can be operationalised. Employing qualitative content analysis from 35 online documents concerning the airline, it is argued that diverse economies can be actively co-created by large organisations by activating different stakeholder interests. This paper contributes to the re-framing of diverse economies thinking, which generally focuses on local communities, towards the global business environment, and offers a perspective on how large global businesses that are significantly regulated and focused on market capitalisation, might also progress diverse economies.


title: Employees' green recovery performance: the roles of green HR practices and serving culture
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 8
beginPage: 1308
endPage: 1324
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1443113
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000444569200002
year: 2018
authors: Luu, TT
docAbstract:
A tourist organization' green sustainability can be achieved not only through its employees' environmental activities but also through their green recovery behavior performed to resolve or recover environmentally-unfriendly actions in their tourist services. The primary aim of our research is to investigate the role of green human resource (HR) practices (training, empowerment and rewarding for pro-environmental behaviors) in fostering employees' green recovery performance. Participants recruited for this study comprised frontline employees and their supervisors from tour companies based in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The research results provided support for the mediation role of employee environmental commitment for the positive effects of green HR practices on employee's green recovery performance. Moreover, serving culture was found to play a moderating role to strengthen the impacts of green HR practices on employee environmental commitment as well as for the effect of employee environment commitment on their green recovery performance.


title: Linking place attachment and social interaction: towards meaningful public places
type: J
volume: 11
issue: 1
beginPage: 115
endPage: 129
doi: 10.1108/JPMD-01-2017-0012
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000426782800008
year: 2018
authors: Ujang, N, Kozlowski, M, Maulan, S
docAbstract:
Purpose A public space is a place of significance when it fulfils the human need for social interaction and attachment. However, the scarcity of public spaces poses a challenge to support socialisation for people within a defined social and cultural group. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between place attachment and social interaction within public spaces in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Face-to-face interviews with urban users were conducted to examine the users' engagement in three main public spaces in the city and the significance of these spaces to everyday social interaction. Field observations were carried out to examine patterns of users' activities and interactions. Findings The authors uncover a lack of multi-functional spaces to support diverse forms of interactions in the city. A street has an important function to generate activities. However, spaces for people to sit and stay remain scarce, and are in most cases consumed by extended commercial use and thus considered private. Opportunities for social interaction are very limited. The significance of the places relates strongly to commercial and tourism functions, and hence place attachment evolves around those activities. Participants associated their familiarity and engagement with interaction between familiar people, close ethnic relationships and business acquaintances. Practical implications The authors argue that more robust and socially responsive public spaces should be reclaimed for the culturally diverse users. Social implications Development of attachment through meaningful spaces for people to stay and interact could enhance the role of public spaces in the city. Originality/value By understanding the social meanings of places, particularly in a multi-cultural setting, a stronger basis for designing and managing urban places towards resiliency and social sustainability can be provided.


title: Influential factors in water planning for sustainable tourism destinations
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1241
endPage: 1256
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1433183
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800012
year: 2018
authors: Vila, M, Afsordegan, A, Agell, N, Sanchez, M, Costa, G
docAbstract:
Many destinations are implementing various water management alternatives to diminish the environmental impacts of tourism and increase sustainability. These efforts toward sustainability can be understood as part of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies implemented by tourism destinations. This paper is focused on the tourism destination of the Costa Brava (Catalonia, Spain) and proposes a method for selecting a list of influential factors in water management for sustainable tourism destinations by considering stakeholder preferences for technical, economic, social, political, and environmental factors. A new qualitative Delphi technique is used to identify a set of qualitative and quantitative factors by surveying eight stakeholders (six water management experts and two hotel managers). In addition, the study presents the weight for each of the influential factors that decision-makers-water planners, policy-makers, tourism destination managers and hotel managers-can use in assessing water management alternatives. Although research to date has addressed many aspects of responsible tourism, there is little literature on the importance of water management in responsible strategies for tourism destinations. This paper contributes to a more efficient selection of CSR strategies in tourism destinations by proposing a new methodology for identifying key factors for assessing sustainable solutions for water problems.


type: J
volume: 30
issue: 2
beginPage: 740
endPage: 756
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-08-2016-0434
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000426818600005
year: 2018
authors: Vucetic, AS
title:
Influence of specialized hotels on employees' perception of abuse in the selective tourism destination

docAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to determine to what extent there is a difference in employees' perception of abuse in the selective tourism destination in various types of specialized hotels. Design/methodology/approach A survey of employees in specialized hotels in the selective tourism destination has the sample of 1,796 cases. Multivariate analysis of variance is used for testing the level of perception's differences. Findings There is a statistically significant difference in the perception of abuse among employees in various types of specialized hotels such as wellness hotels, sport hotels, business hotels and congress hotels. Research limitations/implications The results offer employees' perception of differences about abuse in various types of specialized hotels in the selective tourism destination. There is a possibility of practical usage of methodology for identification of the most often types of abuse in specialized hotels. The identification of abuse is to protect specific social structures such as employees in specialized hotels in the selective tourism destination. Originality/value Research could serve as a good example for future practical and theoretical research in the field of abuse and specialized hotels. The paper can be used as a methodological tool to show how to identify the most often types of abuse in specialized hotels in a concrete selective tourism destination.


title: Beyond sustainable development
type: J
volume: 43
issue: 3
beginPage: 390
endPage: 399
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2018.1475880
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435558400010
year: 2018
authors: Wall, G
docAbstract:
Sustainable development is not a new idea: at the time of writing, it is 30 years since the Brundtland Commission report Our Common Future was published and brought attention to it. Although sustainable development is a widely accepted paradigm and enshrined in legislation from global to local levels, implementation continues to be a challenge. It has been argued that the term is an oxymoron and also that sustainable tourism is an excessively narrow concept for sustainability is at root a multi-sectoral concept. What is to be sustained is not self-evident and can be debated. As a minimum, it is necessary to develop indicators and this can be done through top-down or bottom-up procedures or a combination of both. In fact, the development of indicators has become a 'growth industry'. In an attempt to further broaden an already broad discussion and drawing upon the author's experiences primarily in Indonesia and Taiwan, as well as recent literature on resilience, the important role of culture will be emphasised and the potential utility of the notion of resilience will be discussed. Finally, a modified sustainable livelihoods framework that incorporates these ideas is presented as a possible way forward.


title: The corporate philanthropy and legitimacy strategy of tourism firms: a community perspective
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1124
endPage: 1141
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1428334
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800006
year: 2018
authors: Xu, HG, Wang, CP, Li, G
docAbstract:
Corporate philanthropy (CP) is receiving increased attention, especially in transitional countries, such as China. Focusing on Chinese tourism attraction companies that operate on public tourism resources and have close relationships with their surrounding communities, this study investigates the factors driving firms' CP behaviour from a community perspective. Hypotheses are developed under the legitimacy framework. Probit and tobit regression models are used with data gathered from listed tourism attraction companies in China between 2000 and 2015. Three main findings are obtained. First, tourism attraction companies engage in CP more actively than other companies in the tourism industry. Second, three community-related features are significant drivers of tourism attraction firms' CP: unbalanced economic development, fierce business competition within the community and scarce educational resources. Third, the economic contribution of tourism partially moderates the associations between community features and tourism attraction firms' CP. Further interviews with top managers of selected companies confirm the findings of the above statistical analysis. Both the theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed at the end of the paper.


title: Place attachment, recreational activities, and travel intent under changing climate conditions
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 5
beginPage: 798
endPage: 811
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1417416
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000430049500006
year: 2018
authors: Wilkins, EJ, de Urioste-Stone, S
docAbstract:
Globally, climate is changing and will likely alter where and when visitors decide to travel. This study looks at how visitors' attachment to Mount Desert Island (MDI), Maine, affects their intended future visitation under changing climate conditions. Additionally, this research explores the relationship between recreational activities visitors participate in and their attachment to the destination. Visitors were identified on-site and asked to complete an online survey (n = 416). Segmentation analysis was used to group visitors by their level of attachment to the destination: high (27%), medium (49%), and low (24%). Results indicated that those with a high level of place attachment participated in more recreational activities during their trip, although only some activities elicited significant differences. Additionally, those with high attachment said they were less likely to be deterred from visiting MDI in the future under potentially negative changing environmental conditions. Results indicate that under changing conditions, visitors' place attachment influences future visitation intent. It is easier to retain visitors than attract new ones, so destinations (including gateway communities) would benefit from developing strategies that enhances visitor place attachment to capitalize on repeat visitation and increase long-term economic sustainability.


title: CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY AND EGYPT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
type: J
volume: 6
issue: 1
beginPage: 68
endPage: 91
doi: 10.30519/ahtr.446254
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441347300004
year: 2018
authors: Yilmaz, Y, El-Gamil, R
docAbstract:
Recently, there are various threats encountering the cultural heritage worldwide. Indeed, these threats make conservation and management of cultural heritage a complex process to deal with. Since the 1970s, the UNESCO started to issue many guidelines and charters related to the management and conservation of the cultural heritage. Meanwhile, the Cultural Heritage Management (CHM) including sustainability has become a significant concept especially in the European countries. Turkey and Egypt are famous for their diversified cultural and natural heritage attractions which give an opportunity for both countries to be appealing tourist destinations Nevertheless, cultural heritage of Turkey and Egypt suffers from several major problems at present. All of these require a selective policy, urgent conservation, constant monitoring, protection, and maintenance. This paper aims to examine and compare cultural heritage management in both countries according to specific criteria which will evaluate the current situation of the cultural heritage management in Turkey and Egypt from different aspects (legal framework, institutional/administrational framework, resources, and current challenges). Also, this paper shows how the cultural heritage management has been developed in both countries. Generally, it highlights the increasing importance of cultural heritage management. Furthermore; it will emphasize the significance of sustainability practices in managing world heritage sites.


title: Averting a tragedy of the commons: revenue sharing and competitive balance in the NHL
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 1
beginPage: 35
endPage: 51
doi: 10.1108/SBM-03-2017-0014
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000419938300003
year: 2018
authors: York, KM, Miree, CE
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure the effect of the National Hockey League (NHL) collective bargaining agreement (CBA) of 2005 between the NHL owners and the NHL Players Association, to determine whether competitive balance in the NHL increased after the CBA. Design/methodology/approach - Competitive balance in the NHL was compared between 11 seasons before the NHL Lockout Season in 2004-2005 and 11 seasons after, with a new CBA and a new revenue sharing plan. Competitive balance was measured in multiple ways, within seasons, across multiple seasons, by the margin of victory in individual games, by the concentration of teams winning and playing in the NHL championship, in the correlation of winning percentage of a season with subsequent seasons, and the number of consecutive winning or losing seasons. Findings - There was greater competitive balance after the Lockout Season and the new CBA than before on all of the measures of competitive balance. The NHL has found a management solution to the effective management of a common pool resource and avoided a tragedy of the commons. Practical implications - While this research builds on previous work which examines the presence of competitive balance in the NHL, it encourages those engaged in labor policy to consider not only the merit of design when negotiating labor policy, but also to explore the impact of policy on organizational outcomes over time. Originality/value - This paper combines perspectives and insights from multiple disciplines including economists' ideas about competitive balance in a sports league, ecologists' ideas about effective management of a common pool resource, and strategic management ideas about management solutions to a sustainability problem.


title: Corporate social responsibility: the effect of need-for-status and fluency on consumers' attitudes
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 3
beginPage: 1492
endPage: 1507
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-01-2017-0048
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000431030300014
year: 2018
authors: Zhang, L, Yang, W, Zheng, XY
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to understand the joint effects of individuals' need for status and processing fluency on customer attitudes toward hotels' participation in corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses a 2 ( Need for status: high vs low) x 2 ( Processing fluency: high vs low) experimental design with processing fluency being manipulated and individuals' need for status being measured. Findings - The results indicate that although high-need for status customers exhibit a more positive attitude than low-need for status customers when the CSR message is easy to process, they show similar attitude levels when processing fluency is relatively low. Originality/value - This study makes great contribution to the literature of status consumption by examining CSR as one of the new areas that consumers use to signal social status beyond luxury products. For practitioners, the results of this study offer suggestions on how to design CSR messages to increase its effectiveness.


type: J
volume: 23
issue: 8
beginPage: 792
endPage: 805
doi: 10.1080/10941665.2018.1493518
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438098200004
year: 2018
authors: Zhao, MY, Dong, SC, Wu, HC, Li, Y, Su, TW, Xia, B, Zheng, J, Guo, X
title:
Key impact factors of visitors' environmentally responsible behaviour: personality traits or interpretive services? A case study of Beijing's Yuyuantan Urban Park, China

docAbstract:
The environmentally responsible behaviour (ERB) facilitates the sustainability of tourism destinations. This study aims to identify the key impact factors to promote visitors' ERB in urban park and examine the impact mechanism. A total of 567 visitors were surveyed in Beijing's Yuyuantan Urban Park. Structural equation modelling results indicate that personality traits are the most important factors that affect visitors' ERB, while the effect of how satisfaction with interpretive services plays upon visitors' ERB using place attachment as a mediator. Openness traits positively affect satisfaction with experiential services and general behaviour. Additionally, implications in urban park management are provided.


title: Tourists' perceived value of wildlife tourism product at Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 2
beginPage: 147
endPage: 156
doi: 10.1515/ejthr-2017-0014
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432308500006
year: 2017
authors: Ariya, G, Sitati, N, Wishitemi, B
docAbstract:
Although literature has documented many destination attributes that determine attractiveness of tourism destination, the magnitude and strength of each attribute has not been explored, especially in relation to a single wildlife tourism product. This study provides an insight into the level of tourists' perceived value on wildlife resource attributes at Lake Nakuru National Park in Kenya, with a further comparison between the international and domestic tourists. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey and collected primary data using self-administered structured questionnaires. A total of 402 respondents duly completed the questionnaires, which were disseminated through simple random sampling. Data was analysed descriptively and through independent sample T-test. The results showed that unique wildlife attractions were most valued by tourists (M = 2.26, SD = 0.99), followed by the variety of attractions (M = 2.53, SD = 1.08) and their abundance (M = 2.59, SD = 1.19) respectively. Majority of international tourists highly valued the attributes [M = 2.30, SD = 0.88; t(400) = 4.18, p < 0.001] as compared to the domestic tourists (M = 2.67, SD = 0.88), but with a small magnitude (eta = 0.04). The study provides an insight that tourists value the park because of its uniqueness due to a variety of wildlife attractions. As park ecological challenges persist, park managers may re-brand the park by creating more emphasis on other key wildlife products like rhinos in order to maintain visitor value and satisfaction in the future.


type: J
volume: 20
beginPage: 31
endPage: 33
doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2017.09.001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000418098400003
year: 2017
authors: Dodds, R, Ramsay, G
title:
Is economically incentivized participation creating a greater interest into environmental certification? A case study from Lake Simcoe, Canada

docAbstract:
Voluntary environmental initiatives (VEIs) are increasingly common within the tourism and hospitality sector. Consumers, however, are confused by the variety of initiatives available and recognition is low due to the few businesses within each one. Clean Marine, a VEI for the boating industry, has a high compliance rate from marinas, no marketing of the achievement, and low public awareness of the initiative. In this case, an economic incentive through decreased insurance premiums has created strong interest. This incentive has created less of a voluntary participation and more of an expected one that may create a greater adoption of environmental initiatives in the future. Management implications: Certification programs that are struggling with uptake could consider linking their program with an insurance premium or other wider business requirement to increase uptake. Programs need to increase marketing of their programs to the public as the consumer is interested in sustainability efforts by businesses., Certifications within regions could band together in order to increase membership and therefore critical mass (e.g. Clean Marine is one of two marina certifications in Ontario hence the possible higher engagement).


title: Does IFRS adoption decrease the cost of equity of the global tourism firms?
type: J
volume: 23
issue: 8
beginPage: 1615
endPage: 1631
doi: 10.1177/1354816617715158
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000415841700006
year: 2017
authors: Feng, ZY, Huang, HW, Wang, YC
docAbstract:
This article answers the question of whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) reduces the cost of equity capital, with a focus on the tourism industry. We employ a set of global tourism companies and find that mandatory IFRS adoption has a significantly negative relation with the cost of equity capital. However, we find that this relation is varied with different business cultures and geographic areas. Moreover, from interactive analyses of country institutions for the relation between mandatory IFRS adoption and tourism firm's cost of equity, we show that adopting IFRS complements the deficiencies of various country institutions, such as investor protection, the strength of legal enforcement, and corporate governance.


title: SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES OF FLY-FISHING LODGES: A GLOBAL APPROACH
type: J
volume: 29
issue: 2
beginPage: 117
endPage: 156
doi: 10.22598/at/2017.29.2.117
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000424378800002
year: 2017
authors: Fennell, DA, de Grosbois, D
docAbstract:
Despite fly-fishing's growing popularity, there are few studies on its environmental and social impacts. The present study is the first large-scale investigation of the fly-fishing lodge sector and its sustainability practices. A sampling frame of global fly-fishing lodges was created by including lodges featured by several major fly-fishing outfitters, fly-fishing travel companies, and publications. A sample of 196 lodges was drawn and their websites analyzed with respect to sustainability communications. The analysis indicated that although the web presence of fly-fishing lodges is high (only 16.3% of the sample did not have a website), reporting on sustainability initiatives is low. The most popular initiatives included catch and release practices, renewable energy use, restoration of habitats, support for local community, and growing organic food. While many lodges explicitly promoted access to remote areas, they rarely addressed their own impacts and sustainability performance.


type: J
volume: 58
issue: 4
beginPage: 374
endPage: 386
doi: 10.1177/1938965517704532
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000412752000006
year: 2017
authors: Song, S, Lee, S, Park, S
title:
How Do Investments in Human Resource Management Practices Affect Firm-Specific Risk in the Restaurant Industry?

docAbstract:
Despite the importance of achieving a competitive advantage in human resources in the restaurant industry, restaurant firms often hesitate to make significant investments in human resource management (HRM) practices because of outcome uncertainty, operational issues, and limited financial resources, among other issues. Building upon the strategic human resource management (SHRM) literature, the current study attempts to better understand the HRM issues in the restaurant industry and investigate the effects of HRM practices on a firm's risk. More specifically, we explore the separate effects of positive and negative HRM practices on firm-specific risk (i.e., unsystematic risk) in the restaurant industry. Our findings demonstrate that positive HRM practices have a nonsignificant relationship with firms' unsystematic risk, but negative HRM practices have an inverted U-shaped relationship with unsystematic risk, supporting the stakeholder theory, theory of desensitization, and slack resource theory.


title: The cruise shorescape as contested tourism space: Evidence from the warm-water pleasure periphery
type: J
volume: 24
beginPage: 117
endPage: 125
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.08.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000417279300014
year: 2017
authors: Weaver, DB, Lawton, LJ
docAbstract:
Ocean cruising is an increasingly influential form of tourism generating each year tens of millions of excursionist visits to ports-of-call. This inductive multi-methods research presents the ideal type mature "cruise shorescape" that emerges in ports-of-call within warm water pleasure periphery regions such as the Caribbean where the sector is concentrated. Amalgamating and building on foundational studies of the tourist bubble effect and Caribbean urban tourism space, the shorescape innovates further by recognizing the role of the non-urban hinterland in the cruise system, incorporating semi-core and semi-periphery gradations to the basic core and periphery components, and positioning this space as an arena of stakeholder contestation. Specialized cruise spaces and nomenclature are introduced accordingly. Toward maximizing the beneficial outcomes for local port communities, the cruise shorescape contributes to the literature by providing a framework for investigating more systematically the localized economic impacts and spatial dynamics of destination-based cruise activity.


type: J
volume: 35
issue: 3
beginPage: 35
endPage: 47
doi: 10.18666/JPRA-2017-V35-I3-8020
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000414007200003
year: 2017
authors: Selin, SW
title:
Operationalizing Sustainable Recreation across the National Forest System: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Six Regional Strategies

docAbstract:
Sustainability, as an institutional and professional goal has gained momentum in the parks and recreation field over the past two decades. The scholarly literature has been dominated by articles contributing science-based management frameworks to inform agency decisions about sustainability. Needed also are action-oriented, case study research or evaluation studies where the objective is to inductively generate grounded theory and best management practices by studying the phenomena in action. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the USDA Forest Services' institutional goal of operationalizing Sustainable Recreation across the National Forest System. This study goal is informed by a literature synthesis of research focused on sustainable science, sustainability constraints, and institutional change and transformation as well as background on the Forest Services' Framework for Sustainable Recreation. The objectives of this research study were to develop a deeper understanding of the contextual factors, vision and goals, action steps, and performance measures associated with the Forest Services' operationalizing of their national Framework for Sustainable Recreation. Given the action-oriented and applied focus agenda of this research, the research study employed a conventional, qualitative content analysis methodology to analyze six Regional Sustainable Recreation Strategies. Results from this qualitative content analysis provide an empirical window into how the USDA Forest Service is mobilizing to integrate sustainability into their managed recreation operations. Study results elaborate two contrasting visions for managed recreation in the Forest Service-one a more limited vision of operating within agency budgetary limits and the other a more expansive vision of investing in the managed recreation program. The regional Sustainable Recreation Strategies studied here also varied considerably in the level of specificity directed towards the forest-level operationalizing of sustainable recreation objectives and priority action steps. Study results also suggest that operationalizing sustainable recreation across the National Forest System will result in new types of recreation service delivery partnerships with external stakeholder groups to leverage scarce public dollars and to improve the level of service. Finally, there was little mention in the Framework for Sustainable Recreation or the six regional strategies analyzed here for the contribution of management-science partnerships. Regional or national forums are needed that convene managers and scientists to develop an action-oriented science agenda for operationalizing sustainable recreation across the National Forest System. These same collaborative forums could benefit managers of other public recreation lands and the parks and recreation field collectively.


title: HAS IMPLEMENTING AN ECOLABEL INCREASED SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN BARCELONA?
type: J
issue: 40
beginPage: 93
endPage: 134
doi: 10.6018/turismo.40.309631
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000417645000004
year: 2017
authors: Rodriguez, RA, Lopez, AG, Caballero, JLJ
docAbstract:
The aim of this study is to find out if by implementing an ecolabel in destinations, applying an SDM model, tourism sustainability increases. In order to this, three measures have been put into practice in Barcelona: (1) a focus group interview to key stakeholders (DMOs) see their implication with the certification project; (2) the implementations of two different actions relevant for the study: (a) to confront and pair up the certification body's set of criteria with the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) ones, (b) check if the certification adapts to Font's study about ecolabels; and finally, (3) a discussion to find out if the media and local citizens felt in a city touristic ally sustainable. The findings show that Barcelona tourism board and other stakeholders were concerned about tourism sustainability. Besides, ecolabel can be believed to be trustworthy and reliable by adapting it to Font's study (2001) and by confronting it with GSTC destination criteria. However, local population seems not to be satisfied at all with how the city is getting so many tourism. They seems not to understand labels, but they understand the negative impacts from tourism in their way of life. The limitation to this study is that just the Barcelona case is analyzed. The contribution is that it is actually putting into practice well known concepts that have usually been studied in theoretical ways.


title: What meaning for sustainability? The politics of 'good development'
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 2
beginPage: 216
endPage: 218
doi: 10.1080/19407963.2016.1258512
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399564900008
year: 2017
authors: Butcher, J
docAbstract:
This section of the journal encourages discussion between several authors on a policy-related topic. The same question may, therefore, be addressed from different theoretical, cultural or spatial perspectives. Dialogues may be applied or highly abstract. The Dialogue in this issue starts with Xavier Font's contribution here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2016.1258514.


type: J
volume: 18
beginPage: 34
endPage: 43
doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2017.03.001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000405941800004
year: 2017
authors: Bachman, JR, Jodice, LW, Hammitt, WE, Oh, CO
title:
Boat Captain Perspectives on adding non-consumptive value to charter experiences on the South Carolina coast

docAbstract:
Profitability and competitiveness of the saltwater charter fishing industry is becoming more challenging in coastal communities. Adding value with non-consumptive experiences and targeting a broader range of marine tourists may enhance industry sustainability as well as broaden opportunities for public access to marine waters. This study explored industry beliefs about capabilities for implementing new or enhanced services as a means to understand capacity for adding non-consumptive value. Semi-structured interviews and a written self-assessment survey were administered to 43 charter operators licensed in coastal South Carolina, USA during the summer of 2012. Operators gave high ratings to their knowledge relevant to providing outreach on expanded topics, but were less confident about their marketing, networking (within the industry and with the tourism industry), and customer service skills. Consumer demand information was also desired. Management implications: For marine resource managers, this research identifies the information most needed for captains to add non-consumptive value. This research also highlights the importance of marine resource managers about understanding the perception of issues for charter boat captains, specifically from a regulatory standpoint. For charter boat captains, this research suggests that most captains would support collaboration between other charter boat captains, local communities, and tourism promotion organizations. However, captains are not well equipped to establish these relationships. Finally, the identification of potential valueadded services may be helpful in developing and diversifying the charter boat industry.


title: Why We Ride: Road Cyclists, Meaning, and Lifestyles
type: J
volume: 41
issue: 3
beginPage: 239
endPage: 255
doi: 10.1177/0193723517696968
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000400910500004
year: 2017
authors: Falcous, M
docAbstract:
Popular media across the Anglosphere has widely feted road cycling as the new golf, implying a shift in the social constituency and cultural significance of the activity. Such suggestions posit cycling as a new middle-class activity and have also spawned the idea of a new market segment: MAMILS (middle-aged men in lycra). Simultaneously, cycling has increasingly been advocated in health promotion and sustainability discourses, and in urban planning and tourism discussions, and the popularity of cycle racing has heightened. This article explores the cultural meanings of road cycling within this apparently shifting social terrain. Based on interview and participant observations with one road cycling group, it explores the cultural meanings and values of serious leisure road cyclists within New Zealand. Observations reveal a midlife, middle-class constituency recasting road cycling in particular ways. That is as a de-sportified activitysuch that it is loosely structured, noncompetitive, and socially connective. Such revisions adhere to particular middle-class life worlds and aspirations regarding active aging and responsible citizenship.


title: Intercollegiate Football and Luxury Suites: An Investigation of Factors Related to Price
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 2
beginPage: 75
endPage: 86
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000411486700003
year: 2017
authors: Mayer, KC, Morse, AL, DeSchriver, T
docAbstract:
As financial and sustainability pressures placed upon collegiate athletic programs grow, it is important to understand all revenue generation areas, which include luxury suites. However, while suite finances are readily available on American professional sports, the opposite appears true for collegiate sports. As the first empirical investigation on the pricing of college suites, this study aimed to contribute to the limited literature on luxury suites and help better understand the luxury suite market. Multiple regression analyses were used to develop two significant models that estimated collegiate football luxury suite price using 16 explanatory variables. The results explained between 65% and 68% of the variation in suite price, highlighted the uniqueness of the college football suite market, and indicated that Conference Affiliation, Suite Capacity, County Income, Tickets Included, College Basketball Competition, and Winning Percentage were positively related to suite price, while County Population had a significant negative impact.


type: J
volume: 5
issue: 2
beginPage: 97
endPage: 114
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000418323000012
year: 2017
authors: Montazeri, A, Talebpour, M, Andam, R, Kazemnejad, A
title:
Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport Industry: Development and Validation of Measurement Scale

docAbstract:
Background. While more and more sport organizations broadly acknowledge their ability at delivering social values, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is rapidly growing at a significant rate across the professional sport industry and its related organizations. Despite the growing body of research in this area, measuring CSR is still problematic. Objectives. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an efficient, valid, and reliable measure of CSR reflecting the responsibilities of sport industry. Methods. Based on a proposed conceptual framework of CSR, a scale was developed via a standard procedure for developing instrument measures. In this study, to determine and assess the underlying factorial structure, convergent and discriminate validity of measurement scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Data was collected from 640 sport fans in Iran's Football Premier League. Results. The results of the analysis provided a five-dimensional structure of CSR in sport, such as economic, philanthropic, ethical, legal, and environmental issues. These dimensions explained 50.827% of the total variance. In addition, the KMO measure was computed and the results indicated an index of 0.927. Moreover, the values of Cronbach's alpha obtained for five factors ranged from 0.848 to 0.967. The results show the reliability and validity of this new scale in sport industry. Conclusion. This study implies that from a consumer's perspective, CSR is perceived as a set of attributes; therefore, it is important for a professional sports team's management to understand fans' interest in social issues and fans' responses to various CSR programs.


title: Cultural conservation and residents' attitudes about ethnic minority tourism
type: J
volume: 17
issue: 2
beginPage: 165
endPage: 175
doi: 10.1177/1467358415610624
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000398200400004
year: 2017
authors: Yun, HJ, Zhang, X
docAbstract:
Tourism to areas traditionally inhabited by ethnic minorities has become an important topic in China during recent years, but the attendant issue of ethnic cultural conservation has become an increasing problem. This study investigates residents' attitudes toward cultural conservation and their perception of the impact of tourism. The study site is the ancient city of Fenghuang in Hunan province, China. The study's results show that residents in Fenghuang agree with the cultural conservation, and that their positive perceptions of the impact of tourism are influenced by their attitudes toward cultural conservation. This result means that there is the positive relationships between tourism development and cultural conservation in ethnic minority area. All results reflect the importance of residents' attitudes toward cultural conservation in the development of tourism, so the study may be useful for both tourism developers and cultural managers.


title: Sustainable cruise ship employment for the Caribbean region - a conceptual perspective
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 1
beginPage: 60
endPage: 69
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-11-2016-0060
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399085400006
year: 2017
authors: Adams, SA
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities and approaches needed to ensure the long- term sustainability of cruise companies as a source of employment for Caribbean nationals. Design/methodology/approach - The format is one of a concept paper and not a review of primary data collected, but based on the authors observations, industry knowledge and review of secondary literature available in the public domain. Findings - Some recommendations are made as to the facilitation of this concept in sustainable cruise employment for the Caribbean region that will provide not only economic sustainability but also social benefits to the Caribbean region at large through poverty reduction through employment and global travel exposure. Practical implications - The paper puts forth a proposal for a centralized organization representative of the multiple stakeholders within the Caribbean Cruise community: to manage and facilitate a fund to assist Caribbean nationals desirous of working on cruise ships and to meet the necessary standards of training not only in hospitality qualifications but also in basic training standards of safety, security and watch keeping for seafarers. Social implications - The employment opportunities for Caribbean persons on cruise ships have not been fully exploited with the majority of Caribbean nationals working on cruise ships found predominately within the Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Lines and Carnival Corporation brands based in the USA. Originality/value - This paper provides readers with insight into the existing Caribbean employment and shipboard employment scenarios, with the view of presenting an option for stimulating and supporting sustainable employment on cruise ships for Caribbean nationals.


title: Local stakeholders, role and tourism development
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 5
beginPage: 480
endPage: 496
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2015.1078782
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399592000004
year: 2017
authors: Alonso, AD, Nyanjom, J
docAbstract:
Building sustainable communities, as well as sustainable forms of livelihood, including tourism, has been a key objective among many government agencies and community stakeholders. Against this background, and through the lens of role theory, the present study investigates the potential for sustainable tourism to be developed in a rural community. Data were gathered among business owners and residents of Bridgetown, Western Australia. Four key groups of participants emerged, each emphasizing participants' role as community, and therefore, as tourism stakeholders. Alignment with various perspectives of role theory, including functional, "symbolic interactionist", structural and cognitive was noticed; similarly, consensus, conformity and role taking were identified as key concepts. Whether currently involved in tourism or not, participants' pro-active role suggesting practical ways to enhance the sustainability of local tourism could be a powerful tool in this and other communities seeking to build their destination image.


title: Exploring the Financial Leakages in the Classified Hotels in Jordan: A Managerial Perspective
type: J
volume: 18
issue: 4
beginPage: 429
endPage: 443
doi: 10.1080/15256480.2017.1289139
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000419048800003
year: 2017
authors: Alzboun, N, Khawaldah, H, Allan, M, Backman, K
docAbstract:
The study aimed to provide a better understanding of financial leakages in a sample of classified hotels in Jordan in terms of its reasons, its channels, and potential ways to reduce it from hotel managers' perspective. Eighteen semistructured interviews were conducted with hotel managers. The results showed a high level of awareness regarding financial leakages by hotel managers. Furthermore, the main reasons for financial leakages included: the high cost of energy, the need to import products not produced locally, and the lack of awareness of sustainability practices. The main channels of financial leakages were: importing furniture and electronics, human resources, and food and beverages not produced in Jordan. The study's main suggestions are to reduce financial leakages, especially energy consumption, and to increase trust in local products.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 1
beginPage: 105
endPage: 115
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-11-2016-0062
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399085400010
year: 2017
authors: Anderson, KR
title:
Tourism and global logistics hub development in the Caribbean Will there be a symbiotic relationship?

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of agritourism as a development model which enables the diversification of agriculture and targets the utilization of endogenous approaches in an effective manner to distribute benefits for the majority of the community. The logistics hub is a channel by which sustainability of this model can be achieved. Methodology - This explorative study used survey methodology to gather data from a cross- section of stakeholders: an influential group consisting of 20 directors and senior directors, and 146 farmers, extension and assistant extension officers from rural agriculture development agency (RADA). The study was explored in terms of six proposed sustainability indicators as demonstrated by the Mandel Model for sustainable rural poultry farming. Findings - The presence of the logistics hub made possible environmentally friendly infrastructural development, quality control of agritourism services, availability of financial resources and improved publicity and promotion of services. Arising from this, economics, socio- cultural and environmental benefits are likely to be achieved. Research limitations/implications - Although the research has achieved its aims, there are some limitations. First, this research was conducted in seven of the fourteen parishes of Jamaica. Second, a broader-based longitudinal study is best suited to research of this nature. Practical implications - Participating rural communities are likely to experience increased economic activity and development and ultimately a better standard of living. This must be seen in the context of the need for citizens in rural Jamaica to achieve cultural and educational change. Social implications - This study has implications for the development and maintenance of public services and for local customs and cultures. Originality/value - It is estimated that more than 100,000 Jamaicans could improve their standard of living and ultimately this would benefit all Jamaicans.


title: Sustainability disclosure and a legitimacy crisis: Insights from two major cruise companies
type: J
volume: 17
beginPage: 149
endPage: 163
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413402300010
year: 2017
authors: Aureli, S, Medei, R, Supino, E, Travaglini, C
docAbstract:
The main aim of this paper is to analyse company sustainability disclosure in case of a legitimacy crisis. This work sets out to investigate how the negative externalities of an event reported widely in the media, such as the sinking of the Costa Concordia class cruise ship, have affected sustainability communication, for not only Carnival Corporation & PLC (the parent company of Costa) but also its most direct competitor Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. The paper relies on text analysis focusing on the sustainability reports of the two major companies (in terms of market share) in the cruise sector. Authors compared the reports of Carnival Corporation & PLC and its most direct competitor for a five-year period using text mining techniques. Results indicate that an event with social and environmental negative externalities, dominating international media and capable to bring discredit in the eyes of stakeholders, generates a change in the sustainability communication of both companies. Thus, repercussions are larger than one might suppose. Companies reduced the amount of information disclosed as a strategy to influence the perception of their audience, demonstrating that the provision of justifications, explanations and announcements of new sustainable policies (which increase the quantity of information) is not a predictable reaction. This paper undertakes empirical research on the sustainability reports of cruise line companies - which have been largely overlooked -and contributes to better understand company sustainability reporting praxis after an industrial disaster. (C) 2017 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


title: CSR, Employer Branding and employee engagement in Bulgarian power company
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 14
beginPage: 7
endPage: 17
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000419329400002
year: 2017
authors: Bendova, S, Stepankova, M, Kaneva, V
docAbstract:
The power company displays a strong policy of employee engagement, CSR, and employer branding. The interconnection of such three areas appears a one of causes of success at employees, prospective employers and stakeholders. Considering the price rise, the power company as the entity collecting money for the electricity has been considered guilty of continuous growth of prices determined by the Energy Regulator, in fact. Thanks to the growth of electricity prices, it was the one found guilty by the general public. However, the essence of the problem resides in the fact that people achieve low incomes. Thus, CSR policy help improve image of the company in all areas, which is manifested by greater employee engagement applied in the employer branding. In this article, we wish to describe the CSR policy, best practices and its impact on how to improve the situation related to employees and the global public opinion.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 1
beginPage: 86
endPage: 94
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-11-2016-0067
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399085400008
year: 2017
authors: Bennett, R
title:
Tourism and logistics in an age of unprecedented crime Perspectives from a border patrol security company

docAbstract:
Purpose -This paper aims to examine the positioning of tourism and logistics and the related impact of crime. Design/methodology/approach - The study is exploratory in nature and draws extensively on related literature. Data were obtained through primary sources (semi-structured interviews, observation) and additionally draw on the researcher's own professional experience. Findings -The findings suggest that both tourism and logistics need a more rigorous security infrastructure and support to keep pace in the current global arena where the range and scale of crime is unprecedented. Research limitations/implications - The limitation of this study is that the focus is specifically on the Caribbean -though the situation in the Caribbean is no different from international trends. Practical implications - Jamaican society has been impacted by different forms of crime (drugs, domestic and political) over the past three decades. While tourism has been the major source of foreign exchange for the island, little attention has been given to the impact of crime on tourism. Logistics, like tourism, has been premised as the next agenda for economic growth for the island. Similar to tourism, security has not been emphasized in the promotion of the logistics hub. Therefore, the role of security should be a priority agenda for the country as it works towards establishing a global logistic hub. Social implications - The social implication of this study is to sensitize both the government and local people on the importance of the tourism and logistics industry and the role that security will play in their sustainability. The proposed logistics hub and the special economic zones will probably double the employment opportunity provided by tourism. Finally, the paper will help inform government policy both at the national and local levels on attitudes to national and private security. Originality/value - Little has been written on the role of security in tourism and logistics in the Caribbean. As a result, this paper is timely and makes a fresh contribution to what is known on the subject matter.


title: Saint Agatha Religious Festival in Catania: Stakeholders' Functions and Relations
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 7
beginPage: 124
endPage: 138
doi: 10.6092/issn.2036-5195/6759
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000408848600009
year: 2017
authors: Cannizzaro, S, Corinto, GL, Nicosia, E
docAbstract:
The purpose of the paper is to develop an explorative analysis of the functions and relations among actors involved in the organization and implementation of the Saint Agatha Religious Festival in Catania attracting nearly one million presences during the first week of February. The research is based on the survey of different sources of information, such as literature, news, media, and deep interviews with key informants pertaining to civil and religious institutions. The survey is designed to profile the Festival in terms of history, the character of the stakeholders, size, origin of assets, venues used, decision-making structure, and programs. The Festival's use of volunteers and sponsors is specifically addressed. Empirical research sketches the network of stakeholders, the relationship between organizations, the importance of local social actors and strategies in enhancing local culture and sustainable tourism, regarding, in particular, the socio-cultural impacts of religious tourism. The local society has historical peculiarities which impose prudential considerations in generalizing about findings, and a comparative study with other Sicilian and/or Italian religious festivals will be important, mainly in order to delineate the actual sustainability of Festivals. The framework developed in this study can be helpful in the application of local social policies and also help comparative festival studies.


type: J
volume: 25
issue: 11
beginPage: 1563
endPage: 1582
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1291652
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000414226100004
year: 2017
authors: Carrigan, M, Lazell, J, Bosangit, C, Magrizos, S
title:
Burgers for tourists who give a damn! Driving disruptive social change upstream and downstream in the tourist food supply chain

docAbstract:
Using the theoretical lens of social capital, this paper examines the role of small tourist food businesses and their impact on the sustainability of the destination and local food supply chains. The paper analyses the experiences of small business owner-managers highlighting the complex and subtle nature of the socially responsible strategies used to progress sustainability in a tourist destination. The findings show that authentic lifestyles, motivated by intrinsic not just extrinsic rewards, are driving disruptive social change upstream and downstream in the tourist food supply chain. Small food business owner-managers are catalysts for common good, and as supporters for ethical and sustainable food chains have considerable local tourism influence and impact. Social capital strengthens their sense of destination ownership and fuels an obligation to protect their fragile tourist resources. The intersection between social capital, authenticity and responsibility among small food businesses in the tourist industry is demonstrated.


title: Ecological footprint analysis on tourism carrying capacity at the Zhoushan Archipelago, China
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 10
beginPage: 1049
endPage: 1062
doi: 10.1080/10941665.2017.1364276
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000410849400005
year: 2017
authors: Chen, JD, Ye, GQ, Jing, CW, Wu, JP, Ma, PP
docAbstract:
Tourism has been a dynamic and potential industry in China in the recent two decades. However, the rapid development of tourism has caused tremendous ecological pressure. Evaluation of tourism carrying capacity is imperative to have a comprehensive understanding of tourism's development and sustainability. Ecological footprint (EF) analysis was applied to quantitatively assess the ecological carrying capacity of tourism in the Zhoushan Municipality during the years 2010-2014, and geospatial technologies were used for regional analysis. Results showed that the tourism EF (TEF) and local EF slowly increased between 2010 and 2014. TEF accounted for a remarkable proportion over this five-year period and reached 20-30% of the regional EF. Amongst the four sub-regions, Dinghai appeared to have a relatively large deficit, whereas Shengsi presented a great ecological carrying capacity surplus, thereby revealing a remarkable local imbalance of development. Although the TEF of Zhoushan was slightly over its carrying capacity, the per capital EF of residents remained below average national and global levels. Proper planning and development of tourism at the regional level are suggested as a sound strategy for sustainable development of the Zhoushan Municipality.


type: J
volume: 72
issue: 2
beginPage: 238
endPage: 260
doi: 10.1108/TR-12-2016-0056
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000407670600007
year: 2017
authors: Chin, CH, Thian, SSZ, Lo, MC
title:
Community's experiential knowledge on the development of rural tourism competitive advantage: a study on Kampung Semadang - Borneo Heights, Sarawak

docAbstract:
Purpose - Rural tourism has emerged as one of the potential economic contributors to the country's economic growth. To this extent, tourism stakeholders are aware of the rural tourism destination competitiveness where the development should be aligned with the objectives to achieve destination competitive advantage. Given the importance of studying factors that contribute to the development of rural tourism competitive advantage, the present study aimed to propose a research framework by identifying six predictors from the local community based on their experiential knowledge. Design/methodology/approach - Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire survey where 144 respondents comprising local communities from Kampung Semadang - Borneo Heights, Sarawak, Malaysia - were involved. To assess the developed model, SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) was applied based on path modelling (measurement model assessment) followed by bootstrapping analysis (structural model assessment). Findings - Interestingly, the findings revealed that the communities believed economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts significantly contributes to the development of rural tourism competitive advantage. Additionally, communities from Kampung Semadang viewed that both community knowledge and support for tourism greatly affect the development of rural tourism destination competitive advantage. Surprisingly, there was no significant relationship between stakeholder involvement and rural tourism competitive advantage. Practical implications - From a practical point of view, the findings of the study provide valuable information to tourism stakeholders and policy planners about the importance of tri-dimensional tourism impacts, as well as community knowledge and support in the development of rural tourism destination competitive advantage. In line with policy development or planning for rural tourism development, the tourism stakeholders should pay more concern on the tri-dimensional impacts, the importance of community knowledge about tourism and gaining the community support for tourism development to achieve the goal of competitiveness. Originality/value - There is lack of study in investigating the development of rural tourism competitive advantage with a holistic framework. This paper studies the intended or unintended economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts triggered by the tourism activities. This study has also investigated the local communities' knowledge and supports toward tourism as the community efforts determine the success of a destination management, especially in the rural area. Stakeholder involvement was also examined as the collaboration among relevant parties to create competitive advantage is essential to achieve sustainable rural tourism.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 5
beginPage: 504
endPage: 515
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-07-2017-0033
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000414749700003
year: 2017
authors: Coros, MM, Gica, OA, Yallop, AC, Moisescu, OI
title:
Innovative and sustainable tourism strategies A viable alternative for Romania's economic development

docAbstract:
Purpose - According to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation, sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future. It is an industry that aims at having a low impact upon the environment and local culture, generating income and employment, and ensuring the conservation of local ecosystems. The aim of this paper is to examine the ways in which the development and promotion of a new tourism product based on unique rural heritage and traditions contribute to the development of sustainable tourism strategies in Romania. Design/methodology/approach - This paper includes a literature review on the topic of sustainable tourism in post-conflict destinations and provides arguments for the adoption and development of sustainable tourism. Using a case study methodological approach, this paper provides an example of a sustainable tourism destination from the Central development region of Romania (Alba County, Transylvania) to depict specific sustainable tourism practices and their impact on the place, in a post-communist and post-conflict context. The study uses a comprehensive desk-research based on secondary data from key industry and academic sources. Findings - The research findings show that rural tourism can greatly support the (re) development of post-conflict destinations, and it makes a significant contribution to the sustainable development of the Romanian tourism industry, in general, and rural economies in particular, as shown in the case examined in this paper. Practical implications - This paper illustrates that fostering the unique rural heritage and traditions of a post-conflict destination can contribute to the revival and sustainable development of the place. Sustainable tourism practices contribute not only financially to a destination but also to its social infrastructures, jobs, nature conservation, adoption of new working practices and the revitalisation of passive and poor rural areas. Originality/value - This paper examines and depicts rural tourism development as an innovative and sustainable strategy for Romania, a post-conflict destination that experienced severe political and social turmoil during the communist regime, and ethnic conflicts and violent events in the 1990s. The research findings may be applicable to other geographic regions and post-conflict destinations with similar contexts.


title: The path to embed sustainability in Canadian tourism companies
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 4
beginPage: 433
endPage: 441
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-04-2017-0019
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000408175100007
year: 2017
authors: Dixon, A
docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to determine a uniquely Canadian training path for tourism companies to follow to embed sustainable tourism practices in their companies. Design/methodology/approach - The foundation of this paper was laid by conducting in-depth executive interviews with leading tourism companies in Canada. Based on the interviews, an eight-question survey was developed and sent to 22 Canadian tourism companies with a response rate of 36 per cent. The results of best practice research conducted in the UK and Ireland were considered in relation to implementation in Canada. Findings - This paper suggests a Canadian process and key concepts to consider for embedding sustainability in tourism companies. Practical implications - This paper provides a practical training process, geared for Canadian tourism companies, that embeds sustainability in all divisions of the company. Astep-by-step process is described that all tourism companies, no matter their size, can use to embed sustainability. Originality/value - This paper draws upon the author's experience in working with Canadian tourism companies and incorporates best practices shared in a partnership with The Travel Foundation. As the paper represents both original research and industry best practice, it is of interest to academics, tourism training centres and tourism companies in Canada. Learning an effective and efficient process developed specifically for Canadian tourism companies will allow companies to economically embed sustainability and ultimately create a unique market position for the company.


title: ECOTOURISM PARTICIPATION INTENTION IN AUSTRALIA: MEDIATING INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 1
beginPage: 85
endPage: 91
doi: 10.3727/108354217X14828625279816
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000398958900007
year: 2017
authors: Fatima, JK, Khan, HZ, Halabi, AK
docAbstract:
This study investigates the mediating role of social interactions between the ecotourism attitude and ecotourism participation intention of tourism students in Australia. It also examines the moderating influence of gender and length of career relationship on social interactions. Data analysis results from partial least squares-based structural equation modeling confirm a positive relationship among environmental knowledge, ecotourism attitude, landscape likability, and ecotourism participation intention. Findings also reveal that the mediating influence is further moderated by gender difference but not by the relationship length of the student's tourism career. These findings have important implications for tourism education providers in designing sustainability-related learning materials.


title: The problematic nature of sustainable tourism: some implications for planners and managers
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 16
beginPage: 1671
endPage: 1683
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2016.1209162
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413897500002
year: 2017
authors: Fodness, D
docAbstract:
Sustainability is a principle and practice expected of tourism development and management. The uneven performance of sustainable tourism policies and strategies is generating increasing attention and concern, along with a need to better understand sustainability and the problems it presents tourism planners and managers. In this article, we investigate the notion that traditional tourism problem-solving paradigms and approaches are not effective for all of the problems arising in sustainable tourism and explore what new approaches may be required. After a brief, but necessary definition of key concepts, we take a look at the range of problems which can arise in sustainable tourism and review what research has to offer in terms of understanding why some of these problems seem resistant to traditional problem-solving approaches. Following that, we consider the problems of sustainable tourism through a series of three analytical lenses, the Cynefin Framework, Complexity Science and Wicked Problems, to explore what would be required to address the more intractable problems of sustainable tourism. Examples of problems from sustainable tourism are used to illustrate how each analytical lens frames problems, incorporates stakeholder perspectives, and identifies alternative causes, processes and outcomes of problems. We conclude with implications for both theory and practice.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 2
beginPage: 152
endPage: 166
doi: 10.18666/JOREL-2017-V9-I2-7492
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413971700003
year: 2017
authors: Frauman, E
title:
Environmentally Sustainable Practices Among College Outdoor Programs and Their Association With Organizational Support Structures

docAbstract:
Sustainability has gained increasing importance amongst both academic research and organizational practice over the past two decades (Davis & Challenger, 2014). The primary purpose of this study was to examine environmentally sustainable practices among college outdoor programs, while also examining how college level policy and infrastructural support may be associated with such practices. Of additional interest was to examine how environmental policies established at the programmatic level may differentially influence practice versus policies at the institutional level. College and university outdoor program directors were sampled in 2014 concerning their engagement in various pro-environment practices and perceptions of institutional support. The findings revealed the organizational culture and infrastructural support at responding institutions does make a positive difference in outdoor program sustainable practices, as does the level environmental policy is established at. Future research efforts should consider a more systemic and systematic approach to studying this topic given its increasing importance and visibility on college campuses.


type: J
volume: 8
issue: 3
beginPage: 417
endPage: 431
doi: 10.1108/JHTT-09-2016-0046
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000417148700006
year: 2017
authors: Garbelli, M, Adukaite, A, Cantoni, L
title:
Value perception of world heritage sites and tourism sustainability matters through content analysis of online communications The case of Victoria Falls world heritage site

docAbstract:
Purpose - The debate on tourism sustainability and its contribution to local development has been very active, especially in connection with world heritage sites (WHSs). The analysis conducted was intended to evaluate the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in promoting sustainable tourism, stating the relevance given online by local and international operators to the fact a destination was a WHS and to its commitment over sustainability issues. With this aim, the authors aim to take the perspective of a person navigating online to collect information on possible travel to a specific globally recognised WHS: the Victoria Falls. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper, for its structure, the authors propose the UN World Tourism Organisation book on sustainability (Sustainable Tourism for Development Guidebook, 2013) to define a framework suitable for a content analysis of websites and mobile applications - available to a prospective traveller, interested in visiting the Victoria Falls, one of the most known WHSs in Africa, not directly for a heritage end. Findings - There are 91 available online resources that have been studied to assess whether the Victoria Falls is an area recognised and protected by UNESCO; the presence of sustainability-related contents; and the importance of information providers covering this topic and sharing with readers. A potential tourist to the Falls is not well informed online about issues related to sustainable tourism; his attention is likely not to be drawn to such issues, at least not explicitly. The results show there is plenty of room to improve the online communication value of an area recognised by UNESCO. Originality/value - Literature does not offer other studies linking both WHSs and sustainability (and the related issues) to ICTs and adopting the tourist point of view. Using a WHS case, the results give evidence of the lack of a proper online communication, underlying the outstanding value of the area, and the destination' initiatives towards sustainability. Results suggest how relevant could be for a destination to offer a proper and complete online communication, to educate travellers about the several implications of being a WHS and about a sustainable and responsible behaviour in case they choose to visit it.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 3
beginPage: 541
endPage: 555
doi: 10.1080/19406940.2017.1310742
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423932200011
year: 2017
authors: Gardam, K, Giles, AR, Hayhurst, LMC
title:
Understanding the privatisation of funding for sport for development in the Northwest Territories: a Foucauldian analysis

docAbstract:
In the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, the political landscape has created opportunities for mining, oil, and gas ('extractives') industries to 'replace' some of the federal and territorial governments' provision of social programmes. With the 'boom' or 'bust' uncertainty of the resource economy in Canada, questions arise concerning the long-term stability of extractives industry-funded provision of services, including sport for development (SFD) initiatives. In this study of SFD in the NWT, we use a Foucauldian approach to examine historical and present-day discourses to identify the conditions of possibility - that is, those conditions that have facilitated an apparent need and funding for SFD in the NWT. The format of our paper is as follows: First, we provide an overview of Foucauldian theory and our methodology, archaeology. Through an archaeological examination of discourse related to sport and the NWT, we argue that there are four conditions of possibility that have created the need for SFD in the NWT: the history of settlement, the rise of SFD, corporate social responsibility, and NWT socio-economic agreements signed at the territorial and community levels. We conclude this paper by raising important implications that these conditions may have for sport and the provision of services and social and political issues in the NWT.


title: Responsible tourism as a strategic marketing tool for improving the negative image of South Africa
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 5
beginPage: 543
endPage: 554
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-07-2017-0031
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000414749700007
year: 2017
authors: George, R
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of a destination positioning itself as a responsible tourist destination to improve its image. Design/methodology/approach - A review of the literature pertaining to responsible tourism management, crime risk and destination image. Findings - This paper observes that responsible tourism policy can help improve the image of destination South Africa. Research limitations/implications - This paper provides recommendations for destinations impacted by a negative global perception or being seen as a risky area to travel to, in the context of crime. Originality/value - This paper examines the role of responsible tourism management in countering the negative image of crime risk in South Africa. In general, there is a dearth of research on this association.


type: J
volume: 22
issue: 12
beginPage: 1274
endPage: 1294
doi: 10.1080/10941665.2017.1391854
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416528200006
year: 2017
authors: Horng, JS, Tsai, CY, Hsu, H
title:
The conceptual framework for ethics and corporate social responsibility in Taiwanese tourism industry

docAbstract:
This study examines ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Taiwanese tourism industry from the standpoints of the government, academia, and industry through the perspective of Confucianism and creates a comprehensive, tourism-specific ethics and CSR conceptual framework. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study that recruited 21 experts to share their perspectives regarding ethics and CSR in the tourism industry. An original, valuable and comprehensive ethics and CSR conceptual framework in the tourism industry within the context of Chinese society was conducted and includes seven dimensions emerged from the data and were integrated into the following four facets: first, the dimensions of ethics; second, the antecedent facet of CSR is the inside and outside force; third, the strategy facet includes the economy, the environment, society, and culture; and fourth, the consequence aspect is feedback. Further, this research provides value for academics and practical strategy for related fields.


type: J
volume: 3
issue: 2
beginPage: 127
endPage: 143
doi: 10.1108/JTF-04-2017-0011
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000426422300005
year: 2017
authors: Janusz, K, Six, S, Vanneste, D
title:
Building tourism-resilient communities by incorporating residents' perceptions? A photo-elicitation study of tourism development in Bruges

docAbstract:
Purpose - In a current trend of a growing amount of short city trips, it becomes crucial to understand how local residents perceive the presence of tourists and tourism in their cities and how their socio-cultural context influences those perceptions. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this understanding which will enable the city planners to take actions to create the well-balanced and resilient communities in which the needs of residents and tourists are equally met. Design/methodology/approach - To understand residents' perceptions' about tourism in Bruges, this research applied photo-elicitation interviews with 28 residents who lived in various locations in the historical center to understand socio-cultural background of residents, their tourism-related concerns and whether they are in line with what is commonly perceived as problematic in Bruges. Findings - Results show that as long as residents can benefit from tourism and tourism-related infrastructure, they support tourism. On the other hand, tourism decreases the liveability of the historical center due to supersession of infrastructure serving the residents by tourist-oriented amenities. Practical implications - To build a sustainable and resilient city in the future, the authorities of Bruges should cease further "museumification" of the historical city by breaking the hegemony of tourism industry, providing affordable housing and rethinking the concentration model of tourism. Originality/value - The photo-elicitation method proved to produce rich content and good-quality data by stimulating respondents' memories and evoking experiences and emotions. Thus, this paper recommends that future research about residents' attitudes is developed around visual methods as they give voice to the residents and are able to uncover issues which are difficult to capture with other methods.


title: Institutional isomorphism and social responsibility in professional sports
type: J
volume: 7
issue: 1
beginPage: 38
endPage: 57
doi: 10.1108/SBM-03-2016-0010
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000397949700003
year: 2017
authors: Joo, S, Larkin, B, Walker, N
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of three major professional sport leagues in South Korea to investigate the general beliefs, values, and norms influencing the institutional isomorphism of CSR engagement. Design/methodology/approach - Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with three league chiefs of CSR initiatives and senior managers of related divisions to explore the general beliefs, values, and norms that are institutionalized in their CSR practices. The Gioia method of inquiry and data analysis was employed. Findings - Using institutional theory, the current research found evidence of all three institutional pressures of institutional isomorphism that contribute to the institutionalization of CSR practices in professional South Korean sport. The data revealed that CSR has been institutionalized in these leagues through isomorphic pressures - coercive, mimetic, and normative - as antecedents to their CSR practices. Practical implications - The current research identified that conforming to the institutional norms may not only act as a force causing the organization to behave in a socially responsible manner, but also to provide the organization with competitive advantages. Originality/value - The authors extend the current literature in sport CSR by using institutional theory as a framework to uncover organizational CSR motives. In particular, this is the first study to provide evidence of how three isomorphic pressures work to institutionalize CSR practices in South Korean professional sports leagues.


type: J
volume: 7
issue: 5
beginPage: 497
endPage: 514
doi: 10.1108/SBM-10-2016-0065
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000415886400004
year: 2017
authors: Kulczycki, W, Mikas, S, Koenigstorfer, J
title:
Where to engage in CSR? The influence of social cause proximity on attitude toward small-sized (vs large-sized) sporting goods retailers

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to determine whether consumers' attitude toward sporting goods retailers depends on who engages in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and where CSR takes place. The study aims to replicate previous findings on football teams (Kulczycki and Koenigstorfer, 2016) for for-profit sporting goods retailers by looking at how organization size and proximity of the supported cause to the retailers' headquarters interact with consumers' motive attributions for CSR (philanthropic vs profit). Design/methodology/approach - In total, 200 participants took part in the experimental study. The study applied a between-participant design manipulating both the proximity of the supported social cause (local vs distant CSR) and the size of the organization (small-vs large-sized organization) and measured perceived motives for CSR as independent variables. Attitude toward retailers was the dependent variable. Findings - The results of regression analyses showed that perceived philanthropic motives increased attitude toward retailers. This relationship became stronger for large-sized sporting goods retailers, in particular when they engaged in CSR activities at distant locations. For small-sized retailers, the proximity of CSR did not impact on the relationship between motive attribution and attitude toward the retailer. Practical implications - Large-sized retailers are encouraged to take particular care that consumers perceive CSR activities as philanthropy-driven, especially when supporting social causes at distant locations. Originality/value - The study replicates previous findings and shows that not only for sports teams, but also for sporting good retailers, CSR can increase consumer attitudes even when the consumer population at the organization headquarters' location does not directly benefit from CSR.


title: IMPACT OF AIRLINE TOP MANAGEMENT TEAMS ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 1
beginPage: 19
endPage: 29
doi: 10.3727/108354217X14828625279591
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000398958900002
year: 2017
authors: Lee, WS, Moon, J, Kim, C, Yoon, H
docAbstract:
The purpose of this article is to examine the determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the airline industry by applying the conceptual framework of upper echelon theory. Based on this theory, certain attributes of managers-such as age, tenure, formal education level, share ownership, and stock options-are hypothesized to have an impact on CSR decisions. Furthermore, rather than considering only the chief executive officer's characteristics, the entire top management team (TMT) is taken into account to draw more robust conclusions. Data are collected from 13 publicly traded airlines in the US stock market from 1998 to 2013 and analyzed by panel feasible generalized squares. Based on the findings, the TMT's average age and the value of stock options held by the TMT are key in accounting for CSR decisions. The age of the TMT positively affects the airlines' CSR, whereas the value of stock options has a negative impact on CSR.


title: Key variables for developing integrated rural tourism
type: J
volume: 19
issue: 4
beginPage: 575
endPage: 594
doi: 10.1080/14616688.2017.1336785
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416590300003
year: 2017
authors: Marzo-Navarro, M, Pedraja-Iglesias, M, Vinzon, L
docAbstract:
Considering how important tourism development is as an element of economic recovery in rural areas, one of its objectives should be sustainability. The starting point must therefore be the existence of partnerships and cooperation between stakeholders. Such cooperation would enable the integration of tourism development through the endogeneity, complementarity, and embeddedness of the resources and the empowerment of the residents. The objective of this research is to determine the basic types of relationships to be developed in order to achieve integrated rural tourism. Initially, we verify the variables involved in integrated rural tourism by determining the measurement models, and subsequently we propose a model that reflects the relationships between the variables under study. Our research shows that there must be two types of collaboration between stakeholders. First, there must be collaboration to develop a tourism product, and second, there must be collaboration to provide adequate information about the existing tourism activities. Due the nature of tourism, various types of businesses must work together, but if information is not subsequently provided about the product, then tourism cannot develop as desired. Collaboration as a whole also favours the development of rural tourism in which tourism activities complement the traditional activities of an area, consequently increases the embeddedness of the product and the endogeneity of the resources. Furthermore, the opinions of the various stakeholders in tourism development must be taken into account, especially the residents, which takes place through empowerment. Finally, collaboration means that residents and tourists must coexist and come into contact, therefore sharing public services and entertainment and leisure locations. All the aforementioned factors consequently provide the basis for integrating the rural tourism that is developed in an area, which will favour the economic, sociocultural, and environmental sustainability of that area.


title: Corporate social responsibility and social entrepreneurship: drivers of sports sponsorship policy
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 4
beginPage: 613
endPage: 623
doi: 10.1080/19406940.2017.1374297
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423934900004
year: 2017
authors: Miragaia, DAM, Ferreira, J, Ratten, V
docAbstract:
Sport policy has increasingly become influenced by corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives aimed at incorporating social, economic and environmental concerns. More recently, sport has incorporated social policies that are entrepreneurial in nature, which has lead to an increase in sports event sponsorship coming from both a social entrepreneurship and CSR perspective. The aim of this study is to analyse the reasons why organisations sponsor sport events at a community level and to identify the drivers that support this decision-making. For this study, 35 public and private sector organisations were involved, from several economic sectors. A questionnaire was applied to the Chief Executive Officers, vice presidents, directors and managers (N = 80) and analysed through an exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis. The results show for drivers that were most relevant to sports sponsorship policy: customer loyalty and motivation of employees, reputation and social networks, innovation and opportunity, and CSR. The findings are helpful to organisations developing policy initiatives about how to use sports sponsorship to increase their social entrepreneurship and CSR initiatives.


title: Revisiting Attributes: How Important Is Green in the Consumer Selection of Hotel Rooms?
type: J
volume: 18
issue: 2
beginPage: 219
endPage: 244
doi: 10.1080/15256480.2016.1263168
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000396703100005
year: 2017
authors: Njite, D, Schaffer, J
docAbstract:
Consumers' buying behavior is not always consistent with their positive attitude, particularly toward environmentally friendly products. In a survey of 197 travelers, the relative importance consumers ascribe to the attribute of green was assessed. Through a multi-methods study involving interviews, focus groups discussions, and forced-choice experiments that simulate market buying situation, it was found that consumers' selection of hotel rooms is still much dictated by traditional choice factors. Through a conjoint analysis, it was found that consumers highly prioritized the price attribute. The green attribute was assigned a low relative importance of 4% among the respondents. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.


type: J
volume: 25
issue: 11
beginPage: 1547
endPage: 1562
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1291650
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000414226100003
year: 2017
authors: Oian, H, Aas, O, Skar, M, Andersen, O, Stensland, S
title:
Rhetoric and hegemony in consumptive wildlife tourism: polarizing sustainability discourses among angling tourism stakeholders

docAbstract:
Nature-based tourism frequently results in controversies over access rights, but also over how resources should be managed and utilized. In this article, we explore disagreements on management strategies and angling practices, which followed in the wake of the gradual introduction of increasingly strict harvest regulations in salmon angling in the Orkla River of Norway. Different views on what represent the most severe threats to the salmon stock appeared in this case to originate in rather complex patterns with respect to the ways stakeholders related to and engaged with salmon, rivers and nature in general. The identification of incompatible goals and motives of various categories of stakeholders has for long been a dominant approach in research on these types of conflicts. In this contribution, we broaden the scope by exploring how such controversies involve competition for hegemony with respect to how management and angling practices should be discursively framed.


type: J
volume: 16
beginPage: 252
endPage: 275
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000402765300016
year: 2017
authors: Pakdil, F, Kurtulmusoglu, FB
title:
Using quality function deployment for environmentally sustainable hotels: a combined analysis of customer and manager point of view

docAbstract:
This paper aims to integrate customers' and managers' environmental priorities into service delivery design processes. The main research question in this study is to determine the most significant environmental priorities of customers and managers at hotels. To achieve this aim, Quality Function Deployment is implemented as a tool, combining customer expectations and environmental strategies in service design activities. Customers and managers collectively focus to increase environmental sustainability in hotels in several areas such as the presence of the hotel not causing any harm to the environment, the compliance of hotel with surrounding nature, the presence of automatic electricity control, and the effective use of energy and water lavatories containing automatic water saving systems. The primary design characteristics that meet customer expectations and improve environmental sustainability at hotels are the economic use of electricity, water saving systems, use of natural materials, and adequacy of systems not harming environment and human. (C) 2017 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 4
beginPage: 739
endPage: 751
doi: 10.1080/19406940.2017.1372793
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423934900013
year: 2017
authors: Piggin, J, Tlili, H, Louzada, BH
title:
How does health policy affect practice at a sport mega event? A study of policy, food and drink at Euro 2016

docAbstract:
From a public health perspective, there are growing concerns about the commercial arrangements between sports events and companies which sell ultra-processed food and drink. In particular, companies are accused of connecting products that are perceived as unhealthy with sport and physical activity that is perceived as healthy. This study examined the tensions and conflicts between health promotion policy and the marketing and consumption reality at the 2016 European Championship football tournament in France. This study is informed theoretically by a critical, political economy lens. Discourse analysis, semiotic analysis, venue analysis and participant observation were employed to gather data from relevant policy and event management plans, sponsor advertisements, site architecture, food and drink offerings and displays at stadia and fan zones. These sources were assessed for the way they encouraged healthy or unhealthy consumption behaviours. The analysis found that the health advice promoted by the French government and the tournament owners (Union of European Football Associations) differed markedly from the reality at the points of consumption. Unhealthy products dominated inside the stadia and fan zones sampled. In many instances, there were little or no healthy foods on display for customers. Despite a self-proclaimed status as having 'healthy stadia', a limited vision of health at Euro 2016 was promoted, which was largely restricted to the attempted provision of smoke-free spaces. This raises questions for sport mega events which are in receipt of public funding and which claim to promote health. This study encourages policy-makers, sports funders and consumers to critically evaluate health claims made by sport events and sponsors.


type: J
volume: 16
beginPage: 57
endPage: 73
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000402765300006
year: 2017
authors: Portugal, AC, Campos, F, Martins, F, Melo, R
title:
Understanding the relation between serious surfing, surfing profile, surf travel behaviour and destination attributes preferences

docAbstract:
Surfing is a sporting activity that has become a major business, integrated in the leisure and tourism industries. Due to the impact of surf tourism and to the surfers' characteristics featured by the time and effort they invest in surfing and their propensity to travel in search for the perfect wave, it is important to understand if the six serious leisure qualities (perseverance, career, effort, benefits, ethos and identity) are related with socio-demographic characteristics, surfing profile, surf travel behaviour and surfing destination attributes preferences. Aiming to achieve these goals, an online survey (in the form of a questionnaire) was applied to a casual sample of 200 surfers in Portugal. The results of this study demonstrate that surfers exhibit the six serious leisure qualities and have a strong disposition to travel for surfing. Moreover, the results highlight that surfers value mainly the surfing natural conditions when choosing a surfing travel destination. Statistical tests also allowed concluding that socio-demographic variables are not good predictors of serious surfing, although serious surfing is correlated with surfing profile, surf travel behaviour and surfing destination attributes preferences. This data enables to provide important information that can be used to strengthen management strategies by surf tourism industry providers. (C) 2017 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


type: J
volume: 23
issue: 1
beginPage: 73
endPage: 84
doi: 10.1177/1356766715626966
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000394364100005
year: 2017
authors: Salvatierra, J, Walters, G
title:
The impact of human-induced environmental destruction on destination image perception and travel behaviour: The case of Australia's Great Barrier Reef

docAbstract:
The study presented in this article provides a valuable insight into the impact of human-induced environmental destruction on the travel market's image perceptions of a World Heritage-listed tourism icon: the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The study employs a pre-/post-experimental design to explore how tourists are likely to respond to the media hype surrounding the construction of a port terminal, known as the Abbot Point Project, which will inevitably have some perceived environmental consequence for the ecological sustainability of a section of the GBR. We measured the change in respondents' image perceptions and travel intentions as a result of their exposure to information about the Abbott Point Project and explored how existing knowledge, past experience and demographic background may influence this change. The findings reveal a significant change in tourists' perceptions concerning Australia's conservation efforts towards the GBR, and consequently a change is noted in terms of the time frame in which tourists intend to visit the icon. The results of this study provide valuable information for destination managers responsible for marketing the GBR and other destinations subject to human-induced, and often controversial, environmental destruction.


title: Economic viability of heritage festivals in Wickenburg, Arizona (USA)
type: J
volume: 28
issue: 3
beginPage: 432
endPage: 443
doi: 10.1080/13032917.2017.1335647
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000411076700009
year: 2017
authors: Scott, K, Chhabra, D
docAbstract:
This study assesses economic impact of two festivals on a rural town (Wickenburg) in the State of Arizona in the USA. It also examines social and environmental impacts of the two festivals to determine if festivals produce viable economic benefits for the town. Limited studies have, to date, taken into account social and environmental perspectives in economic impact analyses. The results of this study show that heritage festivals bring socio-economic benefits to the host community. However, in terms of environmental impacts, mixed views of local residents and stakeholders are noted. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders to design appropriate ecological measures are needed to make the festivals economically viable in the long run.


title: Car sharing for sustainable tourism
type: J
volume: 42
issue: 4
beginPage: 540
endPage: 545
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2017.1367897
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453423000013
year: 2017
authors: Singh, S
docAbstract:
Car sharing can pave the way for sustainable tourism. This note develops a method of making car sharing in metropolitan cities digital and easy, with the ease of mobile money payment and, above all, makes it an entirely safe proposition, especially for women. To this end, the note displays and explains a suite of algorithms written in programming English that would make such a venture feasible. The crux of the argument in this note is that car sharing and pooling, if popularised in metropolitan cities like Delhi, can lessen traffic congestion, curb pollution, reduce taxi use, and overall lead to development of sustainable private transport and tourism that benefits people rather than companies; added to this, revenue generated from it can lead to further investment in better public transport, leading to general sustainability.


type: J
volume: 20
issue: 12
beginPage: 1290
endPage: 1309
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2016.1261810
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000405854500006
year: 2017
authors: Su, MM, Wall, G, Jin, M, Wang, Y
title:
Multi-agency management of a World Heritage Site: Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area, China

docAbstract:
Involving a variety of stakeholders, heritage tourism management requires a collaborative multi-actor approach. Due to the current grid management system, shared management among multiple agencies is not rare in heritage sites in China; however limited research has addressed this situation. A multi-agency management model is thus proposed to highlight the roles of a coordination agency and a collaboration mechanism. Taking Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area as an example, this paper compares the management status and assesses management collaboration between its two main management bodies. Semi-structured interviews with management staff are used as the primary research method. It is revealed that shared management has resulted in the inefficient use of human and financial resources, and inconsistency in the application of management measures and standards due to the lack of an efficient coordination agency and collaboration mechanism. Suggestions are made to facilitate collaboration and enhance management efficiency in this multi-agency management context.


title: Incorporating Neolithic villages at Petra, Jordan: an integrated approach to sustainable tourism
type: J
volume: 12
issue: 2
beginPage: 155
endPage: 171
doi: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1165231
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443210000004
year: 2017
authors: Tarawneh, MB, Wray, M
docAbstract:
Listed as a World Heritage Site since 1985, the city of Petra is well regarded as the most important attraction in Jordan that is internationally recognized for its rare archaeological remains, monuments and facades that date back to Nabataean times. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach, which is co-constructed by an academic archaeologist and a sustainable tourism researcher that considers the integration of three rare and significant Neolithic villages as a unique extension of the cultural and heritage tourism experience in Petra. The paper begins by deliberating the implications of World Heritage Status for iconic and flagship destinations such as Petra. From this, results of a review of secondary research and interviews with local tour operators are presented which explored the issues and challenges that may inhibit the inclusion of the Neolithic villages as part of the Petra attraction system. The authors propose that an attraction diversification strategy and a sustainable tourism-planning approach are necessary to sustain the destination's long-term future, conserve Petra's archaeological sites, ensure economic benefits and appropriate participation of local communities within the region, and to serve as a way to attract more appreciative visitor markets to the region.


title: Consumer demand for sustainability benchmarks in tourism and hospitality
type: J
volume: 72
issue: 4
beginPage: 375
endPage: 391
doi: 10.1108/TR-05-2017-0087
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416918300002
year: 2017
authors: Tasci, ADA
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure the potential influence of sociodemographic characteristics on consumers' stated importance for sustainability benchmarks for satisfaction, the importance of different areas for benchmarks and the importance of different organizations having benchmarks. Design/methodology/approach - Quantitative methods with a structured survey was applied on an online survey platform called Amazon's Mechanical Turk, or MTurk. A total of 417 completed surveys were collected from residents in the USA; however, missing values reduced the sample size to 410 and 411 for some variables. The data were analyzed using descriptives, frequencies, t-test and one-way ANOVA test using SPSS version 24. Findings - The results revealed consumers' short-term focus on self-related benefits, rather than long-term-oriented sustainability concerns, and thus a lack of awareness and demand for sustainability-related benchmarks. Only gender showed a strong explanatory power in explaining the demand for all benchmarks, including those related to sustainability. Research limitations/implications - The study was conducted online with volunteer participants, regarding their general attitudes rather than a specific consumption experience. On-site studies of consumers of organizations applying or not applying sustainability benchmarks could enable the identification of fresh attitudes and opinions as consumers experience the products and services of the organizations. Practical implications - Organizations advocating sustainability may need to step up in increasing consumer awareness and attention. None of the formal sustainability-related certificates were mentioned by respondents. The burden of this education should perhaps also be placed on the organizations providing these certificates; they may need to start following the marketing approach, investigating consumers when formulating and promoting these certificates. Social implications - In light of the socially desirable tendencies of human beings, marketing communication messages that relate ethics and moral development to sustainable behavior may be more compelling for both suppliers and consumers. Consumers with different ethical views may require different motivation for demanding sustainability benchmarks. Originality/value - Although much attention has been focused on sustainable development, and many standardization tools and benchmarks have been developed to ensure sustainable tourism and hospitality practices, there is a lack of attention concerning consumers' awareness of, demand for and especially, consumer characteristics that determine their demand for such benchmarks. The current study is one of the few that fill this void in literature.


title: The win/profit maximization debate: strategic adaptation as the answer?
type: J
volume: 7
issue: 2
beginPage: 121
endPage: 140
doi: 10.1108/SBM-10-2016-0064
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000402937600002
year: 2017
authors: Terrien, M, Scelles, N, Morrow, S, Maltese, L, Durand, C
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to highlight the heterogeneity of the organizational aims within the professional football teams in Ligue 1. Second, to understand why some teams swing from a win orientation towards a soft budget constraint from year to year, and vice versa. Design/methodology/approach - Financial data from annual reports for the period 2005/2015 was collected for the 35 Ligue 1 clubs. To define the degree of compliance with the intended strategy for those clubs, an efficiency analysis was conducted thanks to the data envelopment analysis method. This measure of performance was supplemented with the identification of productivity and demand shocks to identify whether clubs suffered from such shock or changed their strategy. It enables to precise the nature of the evolution in the utility function, with regards to the gap between expectation and actual performance. Findings - The paper suggests that a team can switch from one orientation to another from year to year due to the uncertain nature of the sports industry. The club director's utility function could also be maximized under inter temporal budget function in order to adjust the weight between win and profit according to the opportunities in the environment. Originality/value - The paper sheds new light on the win/profit maximization. The theoretical model provides an assessment of the weight between win and profit in Ligue 1 and then identifies a new explanation for persistent losses in the sports industry.


title: An evaluation framework for the sustainable operation of leisure farms
type: J
volume: 36
issue: 6
beginPage: 739
endPage: 751
doi: 10.1080/02614367.2016.1246589
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000415739200001
year: 2017
authors: Tsaur, SH, Yen, CH, Ku, PS
docAbstract:
The Taiwanese government's promotion of domestic travel has generated high demand for leisure farming, resulting in the increasing establishment of leisure farms and an intensification of competition. A key concern for farm operators is how to operate and develop farms according to the principles of sustainability. Through a literature review, in-depth interviews and a modified Delphi technique, this study developed an evaluation framework for the sustainable operation of leisure farms. From the study results, we derived 39 indicators encompassing the five dimensions, namely social sustainability, economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, resource sustainability and management sustainability. The implications of these findings for managing leisure farms and future research directions are discussed.


title: DETERMINANTS OF TERRITORIAL SEASONALITY: A CASE STUDY FOR SPANISH TOURIST MUNICIPALITIES
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 4
beginPage: 583
endPage: 588
doi: 10.3727/108354217X15023805737701
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416666300012
year: 2017
authors: Duro, JA, Turrion-Prats, J
docAbstract:
Seasonality in tourism consists of the disequilibrium in tourist numbers over the course of the year and has become one of the main problems for the sustainability and growth of the sector. Given the need for quantitative literature on the subject, the primary focus of the present study is an exploration of the explanatory factors of seasonality across a wide range of Spain's tourist destinations for the period 2006-2012. The econometrical analysis is based on a fixed-effects panel data model. Several implications may be derived in terms of tourist policy.


title: THE INTERACTION OF TOURISM AND CYCLONE ACTIVITY IN EAST ASIA: SUSTAINABILITY AND DISASTERS
type: J
volume: 21
issue: 4
beginPage: 379
endPage: 393
doi: 10.3727/154427217X15094520591358
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423956000005
year: 2017
authors: Vu, TB, Im, EI, Thompson, RR, DeWitt, T
docAbstract:
This research investigated the relationship between cyclone activity and tourism in the Northeast Asian and Southeast Asian regions. A dataset on the damage impact of cyclones was constructed based on the Tropical Cyclone Best Track tables and the Annual Tropical Cyclone Reports provided by the United States National Climatic Data Center for the period 1995-2014. A damage index was based on the wind speed when each cyclone went through a region and the distance of the region to the largest city in the vicinity. The results showed that there were feedback effects between these cyclones and unsustainable tourism where cyclone damage reduced the number of tourist arrivals and some unsustainable activities by the tourism industry increased the cyclone damage. We then examined the disparities among the affected countries in East Asia. The results showed that that except for Philippines, which endured much more cyclone damage than that aggregate level, the other countries were either at or below the average level of damage.


type: J
volume: 7
issue: 2
beginPage: 114
endPage: 120
doi: 10.1108/SBM-03-2017-0017
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000402937600001
year: 2017
authors: Anagnostopoulos, C, Wilson, R
title:
Guest editorial: performance strategies for meeting multiple objectives The case of professional sport teams


title: Exiting From Large-Scale Initiatives: Lessons and Insights From a National Scan of Philanthropy
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 1
beginPage: 64
endPage: +
doi: 10.9707/1944-5660.1351
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000407301600006
year: 2017
authors: Yu, HC, Jhawar, MMK, Berman, D
docAbstract:
This article shares insights and lessons from a research project commissioned by The California Endowment in early 2016 to inform the planning for its transition out of Building Healthy Communities. A guiding framework for exit and sustainability planning is presented as a set of recommendations that relate to issues such as managing relationships between funder and grantee partners during the exit, using the initiative's theory of change as a tool for decision-making, finding a balance between demonstrable success and equity, and managing the internal processes of the funding organization.


