# Document

type: J
volume: 25
issue: 7
beginPage: 970
endPage: 988
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1270953
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000401063900007
year: 2017
authors: Ponnapureddy, S, Priskin, J, Ohnmacht, T, Vinzenz, F, Wirth, W
title:
The influence of trust perceptions on German tourists' intention to book a sustainable hotel: a new approach to analysing marketing information

docAbstract:
This study examined the relationship between German tourists' trust perceptions and their intention to book a sustainable hotel, pioneering a new quantitative approach to sustainable tourism marketing. Data came from 300 respondents who participated in an online survey. Respondents were given a digital brochure to read containing information about a fictitious three-star beach hotel in Portugal, before completing a questionnaire that measured inter alia their intention to book this sustainable hotel. Both individual general trust (perception of others' trustworthiness) and specific trust towards the fictitious hotel in the brochure were measured. The survey also evaluated respondents' perceptions about the usefulness of the information in the brochure. Multiple regression analysis of the data indicated that general trust, trusting the hotel and perceived usefulness of the brochure were positively and significantly related to booking intentions. An interaction between general trust and perceived usefulness was also observed. This means that the higher the perception rate about the brochure's usefulness, the higher general trust was for booking intentions and vice versa. The practical implications of the results suggest that tourists could be motivated to book a hotel if its sustainability attributes and amenities were communicated in a trust inspiring way in marketing material.


title: Sustainable tourism 2040
type: J
volume: 3
issue: 1
beginPage: 13
endPage: 22
doi: 10.1108/JTF-10-2015-0046
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000426422000004
year: 2017
authors: Postma, A, Cavagnaro, E, Spruyt, E
docAbstract:
Purpose - In tourism, it is a challenge to connect the commercial (economic) interests of the industry with the creation of social and environmental values along the principles of sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that can inspire businesses to use sustainability as a leading principle for their commercial activities, by means of expert consultation. Design/methodology/approach - A study was conducted in which sustainability, foresight and business identity featured as the guiding concepts. Data were collected by means of expert consultation. Findings - The study resulted in four scenarios for a sustainable tourism industry in 2040 which were framed by the key uncertainties driving this 2040 future. These scenarios offer a source of inspiration for tourism businesses to develop a proactive attitude and robust strategies for a sustainable yet competitive future. Subsequently, for each of the four business types (based on their identity or DNA) strategic questions were listed together with actionable strategic propositions with reference to sustainable development. Research limitations/implications - Data were collected with a sample of partners in the European Tourism Futures Research Network (convenience sample). Practical implications - The key strategic questions and actionable strategic propositions are presented for four different business styles that allow them to implement sustainability in a commercial way. Originality/value - The connection between the core concepts of sustainability, foresight and business identity offers a novel approach to the field of sustainability.


title: Contesting authentic practice and ethical authority in adventure tourism
type: J
volume: 25
issue: 10
beginPage: 1418
endPage: 1433
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1284856
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000407630900005
year: 2017
authors: Rickly, JM, Vidon, ES
docAbstract:
This paper examines the discourses of authenticity and ethics employed by adventure tourists regarding the use of the natural environment. In one case, full-time traveling rock climbers use their dedication to the sport and annual visits to the Red River Gorge as evidence for their authoritative voice on ethical climbing practice. While they identify the growing numbers of leisure climbers as a problem for sustainability, many also take up temporary employment as guides and are directly involved in the introduction of new climbers to the area. In another case, two groups of wilderness enthusiasts - ADK 46ers and Summit Stewards - lament the environmental and social impacts of other recreational users in the Adirondack Park. Despite being visitors themselves, Summit Stewards and 46ers use their sense of place and knowledge of Adirondack history and ecology to substantiate their authority as purveyors of ethical practice. In both cases, senses of responsibility are inspired by senses of place, but are articulated through notions of authenticity and used as justification for ethical authority. While validating their presence in these outdoor spaces, the use of such rhetoric also minimizes their own impacts yielding further tensions among user groups.


type: J
volume: 14
issue: 2
beginPage: 282
endPage: 296
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2016.1155076
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000396866200008
year: 2017
authors: Speakman, M
title:
A Paradigm for the Twenty-first Century or Metaphorical Nonsense? The Enigma of Complexity Theory and Tourism Research

docAbstract:
For over 20 years, chaos and complexity theory has been advocated as a theoretical alternative to traditional methods of studying tourism. Nonetheless, despite its apparent potential, actual applications of the theory by tourism scholars remains low. This is related to the philosophical convictions of a traditionally Anglocentric research community, the theoretical limitations of applying a concept originating from the natural sciences to a social science phenomena-in particular the use of metaphorical concepts to bridge the gap between the sciences-and the practical realities of applying complexity theory based strategies to real-world tourism concerns. The article recognises that the acceptance of chaos and complexity theory is ultimately subject to the individual's exclusive philosophy, thus leading to the emergence of three distinct groups within the tourism academic community-those who embrace the theory, those who steadfastly reject it, and those who await further theoretical and empirical research in order to refine their opinion.


title: Beyond the biosphere: tourism, outer space, and sustainability
type: J
volume: 42
issue: 3
beginPage: 273
endPage: 283
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2017.1286062
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453421600001
year: 2017
authors: Spector, S, Higham, JES, Doering, A
docAbstract:
Dominant sustainability discourses commonly situate Earth as the singular realm of human influence and position modern mobility as one of the primary means through which we are destroying the biosphere. The commercialisation of activities in outer space and the development of space tourism have resulted in drastically reduced launch costs, enabling an increased human presence beyond the biosphere. This paper argues that current debates concerning the relationship between tourism mobilities and sustainability are marked by increasingly untenable assumptions concerning the spatial and temporal parameters of human influence. We critique those assumptions by introducing the concept of a sustainable trajectory to examine the relationship between modern mobility and sustainability, a relationship that is being redefined by the rapidly advancing fields of commercial spaceflight and space tourism. Greater attention to space tourism and commercial spaceflights is required in order to develop a coherent, long-term conceptualisation of the implications of modern mobility for sustainability.


type: J
volume: 29
issue: 11
beginPage: 2867
endPage: 2900
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-02-2016-0080
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000424492200007
year: 2017
authors: Luu, TT
title:
CSR and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment in hotel industry The moderating roles of corporate entrepreneurship and employee attachment style

docAbstract:
Purpose - The aim of this study is to investigate how corporate social responsibility (CSR) contributes to organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE) among employees in hotel industry. Corporate green brand should be built not only from the provision of green products or services but also from green behavior among employees in their daily activities. This study also seeks the understanding of the moderating effects of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) and employees' attachment styles on the relationship between CSR and OCBE. Design/methodology/approach - The data for testing the study model were harvested from respondents in the hotel industry in Vietnam business context. Findings - The research results unveiled the positive effect of CSR on OCBE and the roles of CE and employee attachment styles inmoderating this effect. Research limitations/implications - Hospitality organizations should integrate CSR initiatives into their sustainable strategy to shape employee OCBE. Entrepreneurial values should also be cultivated among employees to drive them to further respond to CSR initiatives and engage in OCBE. Originality/value - This study expands CSR and green research streams by identifying the effect of CSR on OCBE among hotel employees as well as moderation mechanisms of CE and employee attachment styles for such an effect.


type: J
volume: 34
issue: 5
beginPage: 694
endPage: 707
doi: 10.1080/10548408.2016.1232671
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399642300009
year: 2017
authors: Lee, S, Xiao, Q, Heo, CY
title:
How do consumers' perceptions differ across dimensions of corporate social responsibility and hotel types?

docAbstract:
This study develops three hypotheses regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of the hotel industry. First, the study examines a ranking of consumers' perceived importance of the four CSR dimensions proposed by Carroll's hierarchy of CSR in 1991, expecting the following orders: philanthropic, ethical, legal, and economic dimensions, from most to least important. Second, the study investigates the relationship between consumers' perceived importance of and their overall support for CSR. Third, the study introduces the type of hotel (for example, economy, mid-scale, and upscale) as a moderator to provide a better explanation of the relationship between consumers' perceived importance of the CSR dimensions and support for CSR. Contributions to the CSR literature in general, and also specifically relating to the hotel context, and managerial implications are discussed.


title: Community Sport Events and CSR Sponsorship: Examining the Impacts of a Public Health Agenda
type: J
volume: 40
issue: 6
beginPage: 545
endPage: 564
doi: 10.1177/0193723516673189
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000387320700005
year: 2016
authors: Batty, RJ, Cuskelly, G, Toohey, K
docAbstract:
Tobacco and alcohol companies have long faced criticism regarding the unhealthy nature of their products and decisions to sponsor community sport events (CSEs). Recent public health concerns have led to additional CSE sponsor products facing similar criticism, including soft drinks, confectionary, and fast food. With CSE sponsorship increasingly utilized as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative, research into the perceptions, effects, and management of CSR-based sponsorships within CSEs is opportune. This multiple case study reviews the food and beverage sponsorships of four New Zealand-based CSEs and positions resulting discourse within the sport management domain. Findings suggest that criticism of CSR-based CSE sponsorship is on the rise and predominantly stems from public health concerns. Such ongoing criticism of sponsorship decisions could be detrimental to the financial viability of CSEs.


type: J
volume: 16
beginPage: 1
endPage: 6
doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2016.04.006
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000391086800001
year: 2016
authors: Chen, JS, Chen, YL
title:
Tourism stakeholders' perceptions of service gaps in Arctic destinations: Lessons from Norway's Finnmark region

docAbstract:
This research undertakes a case study on current challenges to the provision of tourism services at Arctic destinations. Qualitative method of inquiry is selected to glean the issues and problems proposed in a northernmost Arctic region of Norwegian continent. Three types of tourism stakeholders participate in the study: tourists, tourism professionals, and local residents. The data are collected on six tourism destinations and cruises sailing through the study regions. In total, 68 in-depth personal interviews and three focus group surveys are conducted. Study findings are able to shed some light on shortcomings in service delivery that may be best illuminated by four viewpoints: inadequate infrastructure, lack of government intervention, insufficient travel information at destinations, and an urgent need for sustainable development. The conclusion highlights a managerial implication which relates to the establishment of a collaborative mechanism propelled by government interventions incorporating the interests of all stakeholders in considering the triple bottom-line for sustainable living, that of economy, environment, and human capital. In addition, other valuable implications may entail streamlining e-channels for travel information delivery, monitoring the effects of climate change and instigating educational information at destinations. MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS The sensitive environment in the Artic and the increasing tourism lead to significant challenges for management. In order to enhance the conditions the paper proposes: To increase tourist's flexibility and enhance the local networking by improved local network, To develop a sustainable tourism policy under consideration of climate change and a changing accessibility, To implement concepts of growth management while strengthening the local livelihood and economy on a long run. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 40
issue: 6
beginPage: 522
endPage: 544
doi: 10.1177/0193723516655579
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000387320700004
year: 2016
authors: Hayhurst, LMC, Szto, C
title:
Corporatizating Activism Through Sport-Focused Social Justice? Investigating Nike's Corporate Responsibility Initiatives in Sport for Development and Peace

docAbstract:
Inspired by assertions of creeping commercialization in issues of social justice, this article seeks to address the entanglement of privatization with sport for development and peace initiatives. We look specifically at Nike's history of social responsibility to situate the N7 initiative, for Indigenous health, within a larger landscape of privatized social justice. Critical discourse analysis was used to unpack Nike's annual corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. In addition, a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the #DeChief movement, which lobbies against the use of Native mascotry, was conducted via the social media platform, Twitter. The authors observed public criticism against Nike's incongruous business practices in supporting Indigenous health on one hand, and financially benefitting from the sale of harmful Indigenous caricatures on the other.


type: J
volume: 25
issue: 4
beginPage: 212
endPage: 225
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000411485900003
year: 2016
authors: Nichols, BS, Cobbs, J, Raska, D
title:
Featuring the Hometown Team in Cause-Related Sports Marketing: A Cautionary Tale for League-Wide Advertising Campaigns

docAbstract:
This paper examines the role of league-cause fit, perceived sincerity, and intentions to support campaigns of league-wide cause-related sport marketing (CRSM). Using the context of the National Football League (NFL) and the tenets of schema theory and social identity theory, we demonstrate potential backlash effects of featuring "hometown" team imagery in league-wide CRSM campaigns. The results of three experiments suggest that while a cause perceived as high fit to the league (Wounded Warrior Project) may facilitate better overall response, fans exposed to campaign imagery featuring their hometown team view the CRSM efforts as less sincere, resulting in reduced support compared to campaign imagery featuring a rival or no team. In low-fit CRSM campaigns, team imagery has no effect. These results conflict with the current literature on CRSM and offer new guidance for sport administrators. Specifically, league-wide CRSM campaigns are best presented in the neutral context, without specific team imagery.


title: Tourism Development: The Challenges of Achieving Sustainable Livelihoods in Bhutan's Remote Reaches
type: J
volume: 18
issue: 5
beginPage: 447
endPage: 457
doi: 10.1002/jtr.2062
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000387172100004
year: 2016
authors: Suntikul, W, Dorji, U
docAbstract:
Merak-Sakteng is a remote area of Bhutan, which is targeted for development of tourism owing to the unique culture and way of life of the semi-nomadic local 'Brokpa' people, whose livelihoods depend on herding yaks and sheep. These livestock enter forests where local residents and government see their grazing as threatening their crops and causing environmental degradation. The semi-nomadic life centred on livestock, which has long been essential to Brokpa culture and economy, thus comes under threat. The opening of Merak-Sakteng to tourism is intended to address this conflict by lessening the Brokpas' economic dependence on livestock. This paper reports on research into the potential of tourism to transform this ethnic minority's economic way of life through the introduction of tourism into the local livelihood mix. Sustainable livelihoods issues are investigated through a consideration of both economic and sociocultural aspects of the local way of life, based on observation, and the findings of a survey of local people, semi-structured interviews with village leaders and government officials concerning development of the area. The survey found that despite land-use conflicts and limited grazing land, Brokpas still aspired to spend money gained from tourism on purchasing more yaks, which may escalate land-use conflicts and threaten environmental sustainability. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


type: J
volume: 33
issue: 15
beginPage: 1685
endPage: 1699
doi: 10.1080/09523367.2017.1318850
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000406131600002
year: 2016
authors: Collison, H, Darnell, S, Giulianotti, R, Howe, PD
title:
Sport for Social Change and Development: Sustaining Transnational Partnerships and Adapting International Curriculums to Local Contexts in Rwanda

docAbstract:
Local Non-Governmental Organisations and sports organizations have been recognized as important and well positioned strategic implementing bodies by the Sport for Development and Peace' (SDP) sector. Whilst they may be experienced and knowledgeable of the historical and local sociocultural landscape, many seek to form transnational partnerships, for the purpose of expanding their capacity, sustainability, and expertise. Rwanda's history of genocide frames much of its development objectives, and sport has been an integral method for implementing programmes that speak to social impact and reconciliation aims. This paper examines a transnational partnership active in Rwanda, that uses football as a tool to achieve its shared development goals. We conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda, by volunteering with the organizations as they delivered SDP programmes across the country. In doing so we were able to deconstruct the management and intricacies of this partnership and contextualize the important negotiations, management and style of approach when tackling difficult issues. This paper contributes to both expanding our knowledge of transnational partnerships and provides unique commentary that aligns the complexities of engaging with local populations in post-genocide Rwanda with Sport for Social Development' programming.


title: Building small destination resilience to the impact of bushfire: A case study
type: J
volume: 28
beginPage: 49
endPage: 58
doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.04.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000384807800007
year: 2016
authors: Pyke, J, De Lacy, T, Law, A, Jiang, M
docAbstract:
This article draws on the findings of a recent study undertaken to investigate the impact of bushfire on the tourism economy of Harrietville, a small town in North East Victoria, Australia. The study had a particular focus on the impact of the 'Harrietville Fire' that burnt for 55 days in early 2013. While the fire did not actually cause a loss of lives or property within Harrietville, road access to the town was closed for effectively three months of 2013 due to both the fire and post-fire flooding. Informed by a visitor survey and in-depth interviews with diverse stakeholders, the Destination Sustainability Framework (DSF) was applied to reveal adaptations necessary for the town to minimise the economic effects of future fire events. The need for tourism planning and improved stakeholder communications emerged as key priorities. This article illustrates the application of the DSF in one small destination, explores the value of the framework in terms of bringing community perspectives on risk and recovery to the foreground, and provides insights that might be applied to similar small destinations in Australia reliant on nature-based attractions to underpin the tourism economy. (C) 2016 The Authors.


type: J
volume: 19
issue: 7
beginPage: 624
endPage: 633
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2014.965133
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000374654800003
year: 2016
authors: d'Angella, F, De Carlo, M
title:
Orientation to sustainability and strategic positioning of destinations: an analysis of international tourism websites

docAbstract:
The communication that Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) address to destination stakeholders plays a central role in attracting attention and resources for sustainable destination development and disclosing the efforts made to be a sustainable territory. There has been extensive analysis on the role of official tourism websites that addresses both DMO's internal and external stakeholders. However, less exploration is available on the relationship between the contents disclosed through tourism websites and the strategic positioning of the destination. This study empirically examines that link with a focus on green/sustainable/responsible' travel. Results show a positive association between the orientation to sustainability in online communication and both sustainable regulation of the tourism sector and tourism development. In contrast, there is no significant association with destination size, tourism maturity and pricing policies.


type: J
volume: 16
issue: 2
beginPage: 103
endPage: 115
doi: 10.1177/1467358415589659
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000372521300001
year: 2016
authors: Ahebwa, WM, Aporu, JP, Nyakaana, JB
title:
Bridging community livelihoods and cultural conservation through tourism: Case study of Kabaka heritage trail in Uganda

docAbstract:
This paper analyses the promotion of culture-based tourism as a tool for cultural conservation and community livelihoods improvement in Buganda region, Uganda. A pragmatic approach was adopted to explore the existing cultural heritage resources in Buganda and their conservation for tourism as a means for community development. Data were collected using documentary reviews, focus group discussions with key actors in the tourism subsector, and a questionnaire interview. Results indicate that culture-based tourism is positively correlated to cultural conservation and community livelihood. The paper highlights the importance of culture-based tourism and culture conservation on community livelihood in the context of Uganda. The significant results obtained in this case study also show that cultural conservation was a strong predictor of community livelihoods. It is concluded that if culture-based tourism is enhanced and promoted, it has the potential to influence people's livelihoods through the income generated from tourism activities and employment. This in turn contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage sites and hence sustainability. There is however need to investigate the novel and innovative ways of marketing and promoting cultural tourism in Uganda to enable improvement in people's livelihood. It is also necessary to devise ways on how to increase community involvement in planning, implementation, and securing benefits of culture-based tourism.


title: Whale watching in Sri Lanka: Perceptions of sustainability
type: J
volume: 18
beginPage: 125
endPage: 133
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2016.02.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000379246000018
year: 2016
authors: Buultjens, J, Ratnayke, I, Gnanapala, A
docAbstract:
Whale watching creates an economic value for whales beyond consumption and therefore assists in the conservation of the species. However sustainable management is needed to avoid deleterious impacts on the whales and the industry. This paper uses a range of qualitative methods to examine the characteristics, management and perceived sustainability of the relatively newly established whale watching industry in Sri Lanka. It is clear that the laissez faire development of the industry has resulted in some poor conservation outcomes for the whales as well as variable tourist experiences. The Sri Lankan government has introduced legislated regulations aimed at managing the industry however it must ensure adequate human and financial resources are provided to ensure the effective implementation of the regulations and therefore the sustainability of the industry. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 18
beginPage: 34
endPage: 41
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.018
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000379246000006
year: 2016
authors: Vogt, CA, Tay, KX, Chan, JKL, Mohamed, B
title:
Comprehending the responsible tourism practices through principles of sustainability: A case of Kinabalu Park

docAbstract:
This study initiates a research into the practices of responsible tourism in the UNESCO National Park, a place with high levels of biodiversity and value that is worthy of preservation. The responsible tourism definitions, practices and challenges emerged through an intense scrutiny of textual data, which were collected through in-depth interviews with 25 tour operators and park management. Results indicated that responsibility was constructed around the principles of sustainability, or a reification of, ecological friendliness, economical viability and sociocultural amicability in Kinabalu Park, Sabah. Finally, the paper exemplified three implication practices to boost responsible tourism development in Kinabalu Park and other similar parks. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: How Expectations and Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility Impact NBA Fan Relationships
type: J
volume: 25
issue: 1
beginPage: 21
endPage: 33
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000411483900004
year: 2016
authors: Lacey, R, Kennett-Hensel, P
docAbstract:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities have the ability to impact the image and reputation of professional sports franchises, and ultimately, their relationships with the respective fan bases. The National Basketball Association (NBA), in particular, utilizes CSR as part of its marketing and public relations strategy. Based on field survey data collected with the assistance of an NBA team in the Southeastern United States over three consecutive seasons, this study expands our understanding of CSR by exploring how fans' expectations and perceptions of CSR initiatives impact the quality of their relationship with the team. The findings show that when fans expect their team to exhibit social responsibility and it is closely matched by the team's perceived CSR practices, the combined impact improves the quality of the fan relationships with the team.


type: J
volume: 5
issue: 1
beginPage: 55
endPage: 64
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.01.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000373551500007
year: 2016
authors: Moscardo, G, Murphy, L
title:
Using destination community wellbeing to assess tourist markets: A case study of Magnetic Island, Australia

docAbstract:
Small island destinations face a number of issues related to tourism and its sustainability. Recent discussions of destination development and marketing have suggested that new approaches to tourism management and marketing are needed to address these sustainability issues and that these should be centred on the concept of destination community wellbeing (DCW). This paper examines these issues in the context of a small island destination in Northern Australia. The history of tourism development on Magnetic Island (MI) since the 1980s is a troubled one, with extensive community conflict over various proposed developments and ongoing issues with trust and damage to social capital. A program of engagement was conducted to determine current perceptions of how tourism might contribute to, or detract from, community wellbeing at this destination. While this program identified a number of tourism planning options, only limited attention was paid to the potential markets to support these options. The present paper considers how destination marketing could be used to support more sustainable tourism development for small island destinations. It demonstrates a different approach to tourist market segmentation using a survey of actual and potential visitors to MI to identify and assess tourist markets in terms of their potential to make positive contributions to the DCW of MI. This market segmentation process, which uses tourist characteristics consistent with the DCW elements, needs and aspirations of the MI community, is compared to more traditional market segmentation techniques, showing the value of a sustainability focussed segmentation strategy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Towards cross-domain data analytics in tourism: a linked data based approach
type: J
volume: 16
issue: 1
beginPage: 71
endPage: 101
doi: 10.1007/s40558-015-0049-5
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413815600005
year: 2016
authors: Sabou, M, Onder, I, Brasoveanu, AMP, Scharl, A
docAbstract:
The complexity of the social, political and economical settings in which tourism enterprises operate, increasingly require them to perform data analytics tasks that rely on data from various domains (e.g., economy, environmental sustainability). A survey of tourism practitioners performed in this study showed that although such cross-domain analytics are important, they are primarily performed by relying on manual data collection and aggregation, which is both time-consuming and error-prone. This paper investigates the suitability of Linked Data technologies to support data aggregation tasks needed for establishing such complex analytics systems. To that end, a prototypical implementation is developed that relies on Linked Data as a technological platform for integrating data from three major tourism data sources: TourMIS, World Bank and Eurostat. Enabled by this integrated data, the ETIHQ Dashboard for data analytics was implemented, the first visual data analytics system that supports cross-domain analytics over tourism, economic and sustainability indicators. An exploratory evaluation performed with practitioners shows that this Linked Data enabled system could potentially bring important improvements in terms of execution times and answer quality when compared to current manual approaches typically used by tourism practitioners in daily practice.


type: J
volume: 21
issue: 2
beginPage: 212
endPage: 238
doi: 10.1080/10941665.2015.1048261
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000368031800006
year: 2016
authors: Sakdiyakorn, M, Sivarak, O
title:
Innovation Management in Cultural Heritage Tourism: Experience from the Amphawa Waterfront Community, Thailand

docAbstract:
This paper examines how innovation management could bring greater opportunities for cultural heritage tourism at the community level. A two-stage investigation using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with key informants and random, on-site, short, structured interviews with tourists was conducted to uncover the preconditions and categories of innovation that support cultural heritage tourism in the Amphawa Waterfront Community, a renowned tourist destination in Thailand. The results from the study suggest that the willingness and capability of those involved in a community-based cultural heritage initiative are key to fostering a multitude of innovations but may not guarantee its long-term success. A mind-set towards sustainability that considers economically, socially, and environmentally viable innovations is required for sustainable growth. A call for innovation management from this sustainable angle is proposed at the end.


title: Local authority tourism planning in Ireland: an environmental perspective
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 1
beginPage: 33
endPage: 52
doi: 10.1080/19407963.2015.1043918
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000365529300003
year: 2016
authors: McLoughlin, E, Hanrahan, J
docAbstract:
This paper reports on environmental planning for tourism by Local Authorities in Ireland. Every Irish Local Authorities, County Development Plan was investigated, utilising a content analysis approach to identify the provision of environmental planning for tourism. Analysis has found Local Authorities are writing plans which focus on tourism's interaction with the environment and support area protection measures. However, results seem to show a lack of robust and detailed tourism policies, strategies, budgets and guidelines to facilitate the implementation of these legally required five year plans. Furthermore, it would seem that there are a small number of Local Authorities whose plans do not exhibit a clear understanding of sustainable tourism indicators as a viable tool for Local Authority planners. ResumenEste trabajo describe la planificacion mediaomabiental para el turismo desarrollado por las Autoridades Locales irlandesas.Se investigo el Plan de Desarrollo del Condado (County Development Plan-CDP) de cada Autoridad Local irlandesa, utilizando la perspectiva de un analisis de contenido para identificar la provision de planificacion medioambiental para el turismo. El analisis muestra que las Autoridades Locales estan redactando planes que se concentran en la interaccion del turismo con el medioambiente y en medidas de apoyopara la proteccion del area. Sin embargo, los resultados parecen mostrar una falta de robustas y detalladas politicas de turismo, estrategias, presupuestos y directrices para facilitar la implementacion de estos planes quinquenales legalmente establecidos. Ademas, parece que hay un pequeno numero de Autoridades Locales cuyos planes no muestran una clara comprension de los indicadores de turismo sostenible como una herramienta viable para los planificadores dentro de las Autoridades Locales.Palabras claves: Planificacion turistica sostenible; impactos medioambientales; indicadores de turismo sostenible; Autoridades Locales; Irlanda


type: J
volume: 7
issue: 3
beginPage: 172
endPage: 187
doi: 10.1108/IJEFM-04-2016-0026
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000387821700003
year: 2016
authors: Black, N
title:
Festival connections How consistent and innovative connections enable small-scale rural festivals to contribute to socially sustainable communities

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of small-scale, rural festivals to the social sustainability of their host communities. Small-scale, community originated festivals proliferate the rural landscape throughout the UK and yet despite this, festival research has focussed predominantly on large, urban events and on their economic impact (Wood, 2009; Gibson and Connell, 2011). This paper seeks to address the perceived research gap by examining these events through a lens of social sustainability. Design/methodology/approach - The research uses a case study approach focussed on four festivals in Northumberland, UK. Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with festival organisers, key figures and visitors. Following a constructivist grounded theory method four principle indicators were identified to determine festival contribution to community social sustainability. These indicators are: contribution to community pride and localness, enhancement of knowledge and understanding, contribution to the continuity of local culture and enablement of networks of connectivity. Findings - The findings demonstrate the networks of connections which festivals enable between the culture, heritage and people (individuals and groups) of a place. By focussing on four indicators the paper shows the social impact of connections through the festival processes and content. The paper argues that small-scale festivals in rural locations can contribute to social sustainability if they demonstrate a balance of both consistency and innovation and accessibility and openness within the locale. Originality/value - This paper addresses the gap in social impact research into rural festivals and presents an original approach to identify festival impact on community social sustainability.


title: Corporate Social Responsibility and Sports Clubs: A Case from Turkey
type: J
volume: 22
issue: B
beginPage: 26
endPage: 43
doi: 10.5199/ijsmart-1791-874X-22b
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000379598800001
year: 2016
authors: Coknaz, D, Sonmezoglu, U, Eskicioglu, Y, Pehlivan, M
docAbstract:
The primary purpose of the study was to analyze the sense of social responsibility of sports clubs in the case of the "First Step with Anadolu Efes Basketball Schools" social responsibility project of Anadolu Efes Sports Club. The secondary purpose was to analyze the process of the project and to determine its contributions/effects. The method used in this study was qualitative in nature and was patterned as a case. Research sample was composed of a manager responsible for CSR activities in Anadolu Efes Sports Club. Data was collected by interview and documents analysis methods. Inductive data analysis was used for data analysis and data was transferred into NVIVO 10 software. When this research is taken into consideration with the scope of the activities of Anadolu Efes Sports Club, it indicates that volunteering and feeling responsible are the starting points for conducting corporate social responsibility projects in sport. The study was designed as a case study therefore data was obtained from a single sample and the documents of this sample. Although the variations of data provided the limitation of the study in this sense must be eliminated by examining other examples in further studies. It is hoped that when CSR studies conducted by sport clubs increase, the relevant limitation would disappear.


title: Local authority planning provision for event management in Ireland: A socio-cultural perspective
type: J
volume: 17
issue: 2
beginPage: 129
endPage: 158
doi: 10.1080/15470148.2015.1121418
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000411431900004
year: 2016
authors: Hanrahan, J, Maguire, K
docAbstract:
The increasing popularity of the event sector in Ireland has had an effect on host communities in a positive and negative manner. This baseline comparative assessment highlights the current level of all 32 Irish local authorities socio-cultural planning provision and guidelines for event management. The research employed a content analysis methodology, which highlighted a lack of local authority social and cultural planning guidelines and indicators. The lessons learned from this study may have international implications for other event destinations and offers an opportunity for improvement by applying best practice socio-cultural indicators in guidelines for event management by local authorities.


title: Tourist segments' justifications for behaving in an environmentally unsustainable way
type: J
volume: 24
issue: 11
beginPage: 1506
endPage: 1522
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1136635
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000385814300002
year: 2016
authors: Juvan, E, Ring, A, Leisch, F, Dolnicar, S
docAbstract:
Misalignment of pro-environmental beliefs and environmentally unsustainable vacation behaviour can cause psychological tension to tourists. They manage this tension by finding justifications for their behaviour, rather than changing their behaviour. A recent study has systematized such justification; this systematics is used in the present study to investigate the existence of tourist segment sharing justification patterns. A finite mixture model with concomitant variables is used to analyse 2785 survey responses. Three segments are identified. The government blamers express strong interest in the environmental sustainability of their vacation, but deny both their responsibility and ability to make a difference. The struggling seekers would not book their dream vacation if it was environmentally unfriendly, yet do not feel in control of reducing negative environmental impacts of their holiday, which they fully acknowledge. The impact neglecters also state they would not book their dream vacation if it was environmentally unfriendly, but their main justification for taking - potentially environmentally harmful - vacations is denial of the negative environmental consequences of tourism. The existence of these differences in justification patterns indicates different approaches could counteract each of these segment-specific beliefs by inducing cognitive dissonance, shown in other contexts to induce behavioural change. Advice on approaches is given.


title: Mega-event and urban sustainable development
type: J
volume: 7
issue: 3
beginPage: 152
endPage: 171
doi: 10.1108/IJEFM-05-2016-0033
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000387821700002
year: 2016
authors: Tsaur, SH, Yen, CH, Tu, JH, Wang, CH, Liang, YW
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact indicators of the 2010 Taipei International Flora Exposition from the perspective of residents and to investigate the effects of these impacts on the urban sustainability through the perceptions of Taipei residents after the exposition. Design/methodology/approach - The authors conducted a literature review and consulted experts to identify the impact indicators of the exposition. This process resulted in 17 indicators of economic impact, 12 indicators of environmental impact, and 13 indicators of social impact, and the authors developed a 12-dimension/42-indicator mega-event impact measurement scale. Using a survey of 1,628 host residents after the exposition, the authors performed regression analysis to investigate the effects of these impacts on the urban sustainability. Findings - The results indicated that economic, environmental, and social impacts exerted significant positive effects on urban sustainability. All positive dimensions of economic, environmental, and social impact exerted significant positive effects on urban sustainability, and all negative dimensions exerted nonsignificant effects on urban sustainability. Originality/value - This study identified the impact indicators of the 2010 Taipei International Flora Exposition and investigated the effects of these impacts on the urban sustainability. The findings of this study indicated that economic, environmental, and social impacts of the exposition exerted significant positive effects on urban sustainability.


type: J
volume: 24
issue: 7
beginPage: 949
endPage: 970
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1101124
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000382391000002
year: 2016
authors: Lopez-Gamero, MD, Pertusa-Ortega, EM, Molina-Azorin, JF, Tari-Guillo, JJ, Pereira-Moliner, J
title:
Organizational antecedents and competitive consequences of environmental proactivity in the hotel industry

docAbstract:
This research simultaneously examines the influence of organizational design variables (specialization, decentralization, formalization, link mechanisms, and informal social relations) on environmental proactivity, and the impact of this environmental proactivity on the competitiveness of hotels. The joint analysis of causes and consequences of environmental proactivity, and the relationship between organizational design and environmental management are topics that have rarely been explored in the literature. Using structural equation modeling methodology, a model is empirically tested using a survey instrument that was distributed to hotels in Spain. The findings indicate that specialization, formalization, link mechanisms, and informal social relations are effective coordination mechanisms to foster environmental proactivity. Moreover, the most effective way of encouraging the implementation of environmental practices is formalization. The findings also show that environmental proactivity contributes to improving competitive advantage in terms of both cost and differentiation.


title: Greenways as a tourism resource: a study of user spending and value
type: J
volume: 13
issue: 4
beginPage: 427
endPage: 448
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2015.1136835
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000392504500004
year: 2016
authors: Manton, R, Hynes, S, Clifford, E
docAbstract:
Cycling is increasingly recognized as a key tool in improving transport sustainability, promoting increased physical activity and improved public health and developing the tourism sector. While the provision of safe and attractive cycling routes is an important part of encouraging uptake of cycling, national and local government budgetary constraints demand that infrastructural investment must demonstrate return on investment. Greenways, fast becoming a feature of the landscape as traffic-free routes for walking and cycling, with an emphasis on recreation and tourism, are receiving significant investment. However, there is a lack of information on the economic impact of greenway investments internationally. This study of international greenway users (n = 1,125) finds that the average spend per greenway user per day is (sic)47, with accommodation and food & drink accounting for the largest proportions. Based on the estimation of a Travel Cost Model, the value of greenway recreation to cyclists is examined. The results indicate that the consumer surplus retained by greenway users is (sic)77 or 83% of the total value. However, opposition to direct payment for greenway use illustrates users' conceptualization of greenways as a public recreational resource. Drawing on Irish experience, the paper discusses the importance of greenway planning to unlock their full benefits for the economy, environment and society.


type: J
volume: 24
issue: 11
beginPage: 1489
endPage: 1505
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1134557
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000385814300001
year: 2016
authors: Segota, T, Mihalic, T, Kuscer, K, Cvelbar, LK
title:
The influence of the political environment and destination governance on sustainable tourism development: a study of Bled, Slovenia

docAbstract:
In the context of sustainable tourism development, there are many studies about the exchange process between residents and tourism, yet this issue is practically unexplored with respect to the political environment of tourism. Therefore, this paper introduces and posits that the political environment is a necessary enabler for implementing sustainable tourism. The authors extend the established three-pillar sustainability concept by adding in the political dimension. Then they surveyed how residents' positive and negative perceptions of tourism impacts determine their satisfaction with life in the tourism destination and thus their support for tourism in their community. The model was empirically tested within the context of the long-established Alpine destination of Bled in Slovenia. The findings confirm the importance of the political environment and question the sustainability of Bled's tourism development. It is suggested that the community has relatively weak destination governance due to the underdeveloped political environment. The survey expands and deepens the tourism sustainability debate by adding in the political environment and how it relates to the emerging growth of research on destination governance. The proposed model can be adapted and applied to any destination in order to improve its governance, including the implementation of sustainable tourism development.


type: J
volume: 24
issue: 12
beginPage: 1727
endPage: 1740
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1158824
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000387293300009
year: 2016
authors: Milder, JC, Newsom, D, Sierra, C, Bahn, V
title:
Reducing tourism's threats to biodiversity: effects of a voluntary sustainability standard and training program on 106 Latin American hotels, lodges and guesthouses

docAbstract:
The tourism industry can negatively affect wildlife, plants and natural ecosystems through habitat destruction, pollution, over-exploitation of natural resources and visitor impacts to sensitive ecosystems. One approach to mitigate such threats is the application of voluntary sustainability standards, supported by training of tourism enterprises and verified by external audits. The Rainforest Alliance standard defines 78 criteria (requirements) for sustainable environmental, social and business practices, and has been adopted by over 600 tourism enterprises - including hotels, lodges and tour boats - in 12 countries. We examined the performance of 106 hotels in six Latin American countries against 29 of the sustainable tourism criteria most directly related to biodiversity conservation. Independent audits were used to assess hotel performance at baseline followed by a repeat assessment after training, about two years later. Mean conformance with the 29 biodiversity criteria increased significantly during this interval, from 44% to 58%. Improvements were greatest for businesses in the lowest third of performance at baseline (laggards) and smallest for hotels in the highest third (leaders). The results indicate that a voluntary sustainability standard and training program can serve both to recognize existing good actors and to drive incremental improvement in enterprises that were previously less sustainable.


type: J
volume: 24
issue: 8-9
beginPage: 1315
endPage: 1330
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1177066
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000382390700015
year: 2016
authors: Mkono, M
title:
Sustainability and Indigenous tourism insights from social media: worldview differences, cultural friction and negotiation

docAbstract:
Indigenous tourism researchers have not fully embraced social media as fieldwork sites in their own right. This paper explores, from a social media perspective, the (online) engagement of Indigenous tour operators with tourists, the role of differences in tourist-Indigenous worldviews in the tour experience, and the sustainability implications. Data consisted of 588 tourist reviews and 137 operator responses, pertaining to four Indigenous tour experiences offered in Australia. Findings suggest that dissatisfied tourists expect tours to be run on Western management models, and in response, Indigenous tour operators have the opportunity to act as cultural negotiators online, explaining their own worldviews and cultural approaches. Three components of this cultural negotiation emerged: identifying and embracing worldview differences; delineating the larger cultural context of tours; and, rebuttal of misrepresentations in online tourist reviews. In addition, amongst themselves, tourists educate each other on cultural etiquette and interpretation. From a sustainability perspective it was found that Indigenous tour operator voices are minimally represented in tourism social media - a missed opportunity to correct cultural misconceptions and clarify differences, to speak for themselves, creating a stronger, more assertive online voice. Policy interventions to increase Indigenous operators' participation in social media, including training and assistance, could help.


type: J
volume: 14
issue: 2
beginPage: 107
endPage: 128
doi: 10.1080/14766825.2015.1031796
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000374898300002
year: 2016
authors: Scholtz, M, Slabbert, E
title:
The relevance of the tangible and intangible social impacts of tourism on selected South African communities

docAbstract:
Most tourism social impact studies emphasise tangible social impacts such as economic improvement. In developing countries such as South Africa, a small percentage of tangible benefits filter down to community level. This creates a problem as various studies revealed the importance of community support for the sustainability of the tourism industry. Therefore it was important to explore the role of both the tangible and the intangible social impacts of tourism. Communities with established tourism industries (Clarens, Soweto and Jeffreys Bay) formed part of the quantitative research. Through exploratory factor analyses, 31 social impact statements could be categorised into four tangible and two intangible impacts. The tangible factor Economic improvement obtained a low rating, meaning that it was not directly experienced by residents, while the intangible factor Community pride and upliftment obtained the highest rating among all factors. This, together with the fact that community members continue their support for the tourism industry, is a novel find, indicating the significant role of intangible social impacts in fostering community support. This finding shows the importance of incorporating intangible social impacts into tourism planning in developing countries. Contributions are made towards social impact research methodology and literature.


title: How industry competition ruined windsurfing
type: J
volume: 6
issue: 5
beginPage: 565
endPage: 578
doi: 10.1108/SBM-09-2016-0045
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000388970000005
year: 2016
authors: Thomas, S, Potts, J
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate a competitive evolutionary process we call "innovation overshooting" that has been observed in equipment-based sports, using windsurfing as a case study. Design/methodology/approach - The case-study approach is based upon primary data gathered through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with pioneers of the case-study sport and through analysis of international and domestic industry publications and grey literature. Findings - New sports, in particular equipment-based "lifestyle" sports, can experience a rapid rise in popularity but eventually technology-driven competition leads to equipment overshooting the capabilities and financial budgets of most users. This Schumpeterian market process leads to a rapid decline in participation and the eventual collapse of the market for the sport's equipment. Originality/value - Models of endogenous overshooting are established in the study of finance and business cycles, and have recently been extended to the music and design industry. The authors extend this to the sports equipment sector finding clear evidence of evolutionary competitive technological and market overshooting.


title: Beyond convention: reimagining indigenous tourism
type: J
volume: 18
issue: 1
beginPage: 28
endPage: 37
doi: 10.1080/14616688.2015.1122077
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000366837300004
year: 2016
authors: Weaver, DB
docAbstract:
As a knowledge domain, contemporary indigenous tourism is framed in reference to cultures conventionally recognized as indigenous,' and engages this almost exclusively from a supply-side perspective. This paper reimagines indigeneity and indigenous tourism as embracing also the other 94% of global population. From a utilitarian perspective, this inclusion of nonconventional indigenous people' harbors opportunities to advance the sustainability agenda by reconnecting modern mainstream cultures, through personal exposure in dispersed settings, with ancestral roots and associated sustainable livelihoods. Such reconnections are framed as a form of re-indigenization that may be especially attractive to travel promiscuous' diasporic populations such as those found in the settler' countries of Canada, United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Articulation of this concept could be facilitated by existing knowledge domains and products in heritage tourism, rural tourism, and urban tourism, as well as sustainable tourism. Rather than usurping conventional indigenous efforts to re-indigenize and re-empower, it is contended that the nonconventional dimension can coexist with and even reinforce the latter, while enriching the dimensions of indigenous tourism as a dynamic knowledge domain.


title: SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS OF ROME AS A TOURIST DESTINATION
type: J
volume: 21
issue: 2
beginPage: 203
endPage: 217
doi: 10.20867/thm.21.2.7
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438258200008
year: 2015
authors: Valeri, M
docAbstract:
Objectives - The aim of the paper is to study the sustainability level of the city of Rome (Italy) as a tourist destination. The paper's basic assumption is based on the fact that, compared to other international tourist destinations, Rome is high on the list as far as the number of international visitors is concerned, yet it is not the city at the top of the list. Design/Methodology/Approach - The methodology used is that of case study research (Yin, 2003). The results will be evaluated by applying the Weaver model (2000, 2011). According to Weaver, the competitiveness of a tourist destination depends on the level of sustainability of tourism development. Originality/Value - Sustainability implies that tourist destinations are governed and managed in such a way as to satisfy the expectations of the visitor in accordance with the socio-economic and natural environment in which such destinations operate. Thus the management of the sustainability of the destination is an essential ingredient in the development of the entire surrounding area. As a tourist destination, the city has made great efforts to diversify its offer to visitors, including new infrastructural, cultural and sport facilities in order to enhance its attraction as a tourist site, and as a result, to encourage new businesses and provide employment. Practical Implications - The relationship between sustainability and competitiveness is based on the belief that businesses that pursue environmental and economic and social performance improvements may benefit from these activities.


type: J
volume: 50
beginPage: 115
endPage: 121
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.06.008
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000362136400012
year: 2015
authors: Gatt, K, Schranz, C
title:
Retrofitting a 3 star hotel as a basis for piloting water minimisation interventions in the hospitality sector

docAbstract:
The poor state of Malta's groundwater resources provides clear evidence of the need for different yet complementary strategies to secure the long term sustainability of groundwater bodies which have long been abused through increased abstraction for non potable use. In line with the hierarchy for the management of natural resources, minimisation plays a significant role as this would guarantee lower abstracted volumes from groundwater. This paper outlines the results from a pilot project aimed at retrofitting guestrooms in a 3 star hotel with low flow aerators and shower heads and with volume displacers in toilet cisterns. Water consumed before and after the interventions, based on meter readings, the impact retrofits may be established. The hypothesis whereby low flow, non interventionist retrofits can achieve significant water savings at a low cost, without disruption and with a payback period of less than three months, can be tested. Malta's tourism industry is sizeable and the largest water consumer from all economic sectors. The results show that the interventions provide appreciable water savings and can be easily replicated both in other buildings thereby contributing to a reduced water footprint. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: The impacts of nature-based adventure tourism on children in a Thai village
type: J
volume: 15
beginPage: 122
endPage: 127
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.05.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000217980400012
year: 2015
authors: Tirasattayapitak, S, Chaiyasain, C, Beeton, RJS
docAbstract:
We report on the introduction of nature-based adventure tourism into Ban Songpraek Village, Southern Thailand and its impacts on children. We find many positive benefits for village children with no evidence of cultural disruption or prurient impacts. The leadership and the social cohesiveness of villagers and their relationship with the village authorities and tourism entrepreneurs is a determining factor in the children's well-being. The villagers' understanding of tourism and its potential for negative and positive effects is an important determinant of this outcome. Consequently, tourism growth and the villagers' dependence on tourism activities are a vital concern to all village residents. Through their children, the villagers demonstrate that they are establishing the intergenerational resilience necessary to face these issues. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: To Travel or Not to Travel? Both Have Implications for Sustainable Tourism
type: J
volume: 12
issue: 2
beginPage: 208
endPage: 224
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2014.925489
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212854200006
year: 2015
authors: Boley, BB
docAbstract:
The increasing concern over tourism's greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and its subsequent impact on climate change has led some to recommend strict measures to reduce the volume of travel. While the reduction of tourism's GHG emissions is an essential piece of tourism's sustainability, there has been little discussion of the implications that reducing travel could have on a destination's triple bottom line (ecological, sociocultural, and economic sustainability). Much of the sustainable tourism literature has historically focused on maximizing tourism's benefits to residents' quality of life, the environment, cultural heritage, and the economy, but these traditional metrics have been largely removed from the recent discussion on tourism and climate change. This article proposes a conceptual model that incorporates the traditional metrics of sustainability with the net amount of GHG emitted to help determine whether travel has a net positive or negative impact. While the model is entirely theoretical, it depicts sustainable tourism as not solely a function of GHG emissions, but a function of maximizing tourism's positive impacts (handprint) within destinations while minimizing its GHG emissions (footprint). The article concludes by demonstrating how the framework can be applied to increase tourism's sustainability within destinations as well as globally.


title: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Effectiveness in the Greek Proffesional Sport Context
type: J
volume: 17
issue: C
beginPage: 37
endPage: 45
doi: 10.5199/ijsmart-1791-874X-17c
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000379593900001
year: 2015
authors: Douvis, J, Kyriakis, V, Kriemadis, A, Vrondou, O
docAbstract:
The present study examined CSR evaluation issues regarding the effectiveness of CSR activities in Greek professional sport organizations. The initial results illustrated a general absence of CSR effectiveness evaluation. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of respondents have reported that in fact CSR performance is not measured mainly because of a lack of a methodology or a common framework. A major barrier to CSR assessment and evaluation practices is represented by the respondents' perceptions with respect to the nature of CSR. However, executives and managers mentioned a range of estimations to assess the impacts of their CSR actions, thus CSR effectiveness underlies subjective assessments of positive effect observations. Based on the results and the literature, the present study discusses the implications regarding the issue of CSR measurement and evaluation in Greek professional sport organizations.


type: J
volume: 11
beginPage: 73
endPage: 86
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000217925100005
year: 2015
authors: McLoughlin, E, Hanrahan, J
title:
A framework for analysing the local authorities tourism planning in Ireland: A socio-cultural perspective

docAbstract:
Tourism inevitably takes people to new places while broadening their perception and knowledge of different cultures and environments. This informative process is an important function of the tourism industry. This study reports on results that form part a postgraduate research thesis, on the levels of planning for the socio-cultural impacts of tourism by local uuthorities in Ireland. Drawing on the theme of sustainable planning for tourism, the authors discuss the concept of socio-cultural sustainability as conveyed by current literature. In addition, the authors investigated every Irish Local Authority County Development Plan (CDP's), utilising a content analysis approach to identify the level of planning for the socio-cultural impacts of tourism in 2014. CDP's were found to lack any integration of sustainable tourism indicators, along with any codes of conduct for best practice. Also few local authorities were found to be supporting or implementing tourism certification schemes. All of which local authorities could use to improve their tourism plans from a socio-cultural perspective. (C) 2015 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


title: International Visitors' Perspectives on Geopark Sustainability in Langkawi Island, Malaysia
type: J
volume: 12
issue: 2
beginPage: 190
endPage: 207
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2014.913677
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212854200005
year: 2015
authors: Marzuki, A, Mohamad, D, Jaafar, M
docAbstract:
Conventional knowledge has that the tourism industry offers four types of benefits to its participants, namely leisure, education, entertainment and social networking. The tourism industry that can be broadly encapsulated into groups of active-based and passive-based tourism activities is a subject with a complex organization structure. More importantly, the tourism industry is more than providing service to its participants. Its successfulness, reliability and validity are influenced by scores of factors including visitors' attitudes. This study aims to seek the visitors' attitudes on four tourism pillars (environment, economic, social and support systems) towards realizing sustainable tourism development movement. The study area is KILIM Geopark which is located in Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Assessment has been done to examine the relationships between income, education background and the studied variables. Overall observation shows that although many have been done, much more are needed to be implemented and achieved in order to improve, enhance and strengthen KILIM's existing development model.


title: Successful community-based tourism approaches for rural destinations The Asia Pacific experience
type: J
volume: 7
issue: 5
beginPage: 429
endPage: 439
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-06-2015-0023
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214511200002
year: 2015
authors: Nair, V, Hamzah, A
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the long-term viability of community-based tourism (CBT) as a development tool in rural tourism, and how the best practice from the Asia Pacific region can be used to strategize the nine-stage plan to develop and sustain it in the long term. Design/methodology/approach - This paper is formulated using a case study approach based on the lessons learned and the best practices in ten member economies of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum, namely, Australia, Canada, China, Chinese Taipei, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines and Vietnam. Findings - Based on the analyses of the ten case studies, the paper recommends nine steps for developing and sustaining CBT. These nine steps are divided into two sections - developing CBT and sustaining CBT. The first four steps relate to starting and developing CBT initiatives, which are useful for projects and sites that are embarking on CBT. The subsequent five steps are meant to address the sustainability of CBT projects, which are more appropriate for mature CBT projects that are gradually moving up the value chain. The nine steps are presented in detail and supported by the models developed from the case studies. For each step, a list of actions is recommended to guide the development of CBT. Research limitations/implications - This paper is limited by the ten case studies selected by the researcher. The conditions for these selected case studies may not be identical in other locations, and thus, the proposed nine-step framework can be used only as a guide. Each step outlined may vary from one nation to another. Originality/value - The main output of this paper is designed to provide guidance for tourism/rural planners, non-government organizations (NGOs), industry players and CBT organizations in deciding whether tourism could work for a particular community and if it is feasible to be sustained over the long term.


title: Stakeholders' Perception of Istanbul's Historical Peninsula as a Sustainable Destination
type: J
volume: 12
issue: 1
beginPage: 87
endPage: 98
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2014.960596
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212853600007
year: 2015
authors: Ozdemir, G, Yilmaz, M, YalcIn, M, Alvarez, MD
docAbstract:
Istanbul, as a city of more than 13 million also hosting over 10 million tourists a year, has the challenge of managing its resources to provide tourism services within a sustainable perspective. Since the sustainability of a destination requires the long-term consciousness and appropriate behaviour of all interested parties, the opinions of key stakeholders are essential. The study analysed stakeholders' perceptions towards Istanbul's Historical Peninsula as a sustainable urban tourism destination, considering four dimensions: environmental, economic, social and cultural. The research determined that stakeholders have limited knowledge and awareness concerning the sustainability of the destination. For these interested parties, the main concern is the capability of tourism to increase profits, and other sustainability dimensions, such as environmental concerns, are mainly considered in terms of making the destination more attractive for visitors.


title: Buddhist economics meets agritourism on the Thai farm
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 2
beginPage: 183
endPage: 199
doi: 10.1108/IJCTHR-08-2014-0065
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000359728800007
year: 2015
authors: Prayukvong, W, Huttasin, N, Foster, MJ
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that both leisure and sustainability objectives can be achieved via Buddhist economics informed agritourism. Buddhist economics differs significantly from mainstream (neoclassical) economics in its ontological underpinning. This means that assumptions about human nature are different: the core values of mainstream economics are self-interest and competition in the pursuit of maximum welfare or utility; while in Buddhist economics, "self" includes oneself, society and nature, which are all simultaneously interconnected. The core values of Buddhist economics are compassion and collaboration through which well-being is achieved, leading to higher wisdom (panna). Because of this, the interconnectedness of activities and relationships, even those not initially obviously so linked, is crucial. Design/methodology/approach - The theoretical argument is illustrated by a pilot study of an agritourism, package tour to visit the properties of Thai farmers involved with a project known as "running a one rai farm to gain a one hundred thousand baht return". The research is exploratory in character. Findings - A result of this study is to reveal agritourism as a significant market channel to promote sustainable agriculture. Originality/value - Agritourism can be considered an instrument for rural development with its contribution to positive economic impacts, providing economic opportunities to sustain financial security for the farming family, maintaining viability of the agricultural sector and local communities and creating jobs for rural residents together with sustainable agriculture.


title: The Cittaslow Movement: Opportunities and Challenges for the Governance of Tourism Destinations
type: J
volume: 12
issue: 4
beginPage: 479
endPage: 488
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2015.1037929
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212856500007
year: 2015
authors: Presenza, A, Abbate, T, Micera, R
docAbstract:
This Research Note analyses the contribution of Cittaslow (slow city) to the governance of tourism destinations by promoting the "slowness" perspective and the concept of sustainable development at the local level. This movement strongly encourages policy-makers to orient its various efforts essentially to define and implement policies, activities and initiatives for sustaining economic development, social well-being and environmental sustainability. In this way, it stimulates the improvement of quality of life for inhabitants and tourists of the involved destinations. Based on a qualitative analysis focused on "Cittaslow Association", this study concentrates on opportunities and challenges for certified destinations as well as the linkages between practices defined by the Cittaslow Association and sustainable development. From a theoretical point of view, the Research Note contributes to destination development literature, offering significant highlights on the governance of tourism destinations. From a managerial point of view, it supports policy-makers underlining the main opportunities and challenges for a tourism destination in being certified as Cittaslow.


title: 2050: New Zealand's sustainable future
type: J
volume: 1
issue: 2
beginPage: 117
endPage: 130
doi: 10.1108/JTF-12-2014-0003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435760700004
year: 2015
authors: Yeoman, I, McMahon-Beattie, U, Andrade, A, Leguma, E, Wolf, N, Ezra, P, Tan, R
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to portray the future of tourism in New Zealand based upon a philosophy of sustainability and cultural identity as a response to the present 2025 Tourism Strategy. Design/methodology/approach - The research deployed a scenario planning methodology resulting in four portraits of the future. Findings - Environmental issues and global migration are the key issues that will shape the future of New Zealand tourism. In order to address these issues four scenarios were constructed. New Zealand Wonderland portrays a future based upon a grounded international reputation for environmentalism driven by good governance, climate change targets and ecotourism. Indiana Jones and the Search for Cultural Identity position a future driven by rapid growth and unregulated air travel resulting in environmental degradation. A Peaceful Mixture is a balance of socio-cultural and environmental dimensions of sustainability at the centre of a tourism product shaped upon Maori culture and economic prosperity. The final scenario, New Zealand in Depression, is the worst possible outcome for New Zealand's tourism industry as the three dimensions of economy, community, and environment are not at equilibrium. New Zealand would be over-polluted with an uncontrolled number of migrants. Research limitations/implications - The research was a social construction of ten experts' views on the future of sustainable tourism. Originality/value - New Zealand's present approach to the future of tourism is shaped by the 2025 Tourism Framework (http://tourism2025.org.nz/). This is derived from a business perspective and a neoliberal political philosophy and it is void of the words ecotourism and sustainability. This paper argues that the present strategy will fail because of community disengagement that proposes a range of alternative directions based upon a political discourse of sustainability and shaped by environmental credentials and cultural identity.


title: A Semantic Web framework to enable sustainable lodging best management practices in the USA
type: J
volume: 14
issue: 4
beginPage: 291
endPage: 315
doi: 10.1007/s40558-014-0011-y
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000434913800003
year: 2014
authors: Scarinci, J, Myers, T
docAbstract:
Due to the negative environmental impact, corporate social responsibility is an important concept in today's competitive lodging industry. Hotels attribute 75 % of the overall lodging industries consumption of energy, water and non-durable goods. To remain competitive, organizations implement green lodging programs to demonstrate social responsibility. However, the understanding and implementation of best practices in sustainable tourism in the United States (US) is hampered because the standards that mandate the criteria are disparate. This paper describes a framework to aggregate the variety of best management practice standards so lodging properties and patrons can more easily identify gaps in compliance to the sustainable tourism standard's criteria. The proposed framework uses standards compliance information found on property sites to infer a ranking in green tourism across twelve third party US standards bodies. Herein, a hierarchy of pre-existing and newly developed domain-specific ontologies has been combined in a semantic knowledge base to describe the relationship between best management practices and accreditation criteria from each of the sustainable tourism standards bodies. Then, inference is used to automatically evaluate a properties conformance to all other green lodging programs based on an evaluation from one. This theoretical framework could better inform hotels and tourism operators on their best management practices and consumers when choosing between green lodging properties.


title: The English public house as a 21st century socially responsible community institution
type: J
volume: 41
beginPage: 88
endPage: 96
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.05.005
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000340331100011
year: 2014
authors: Sandiford, PJ, Divers, P
docAbstract:
The changing nature of the British public house (pub) attracts much attention in the academic and popular literature. This paper reports on an ethnographic study of the pubs located in a single suburban village. The concepts of community, hospitality, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and third place are utilised to develop a theoretical perspective from which to explore publican and customer views of the pub's role in the twenty-first century. The relationship between community and CSR is not always clear but the notion of the pub as a place to meet friends and acquaintances was expressed strongly by the customers of establishments that retain aspects of the 'traditional pub'. The hospitality of publicans was seen as a key element of the pub's philanthropic responsibility despite a tendency for organisational reporting to focus more on charitable activities in financial terms. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Green Marketing and Its Impacts on Consumer Behavior in Sports Shops
type: J
volume: 2
issue: 2
beginPage: 75
endPage: 82
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000218601900008
year: 2014
authors: Bagheri, JS
docAbstract:
The aim of this study was investigation of green marketing and its impacts on consumer behavior in sports shops in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. The present study is functionalized by objectives and done by field. The study statistical society was sports shops in East Azerbaijan and 210 samples were chosen randomly according to Morgan sampling method and 196 questionnaires were collected finally. The author- prepared questionnaire's validity was approved by some experts in sport management and marketing. Field and the reliability were assessed by pilot study using Chronbach's Alpha (alpha= 819%) which showed that the tool was reliable. The questionnaire had 30 items rated by Lakers scale. Questionnaire introduction contained demographic pieces information of age, income and education degree. Results shows that a significant relationship between green products features, green promotion, green pricing and green distributing with consumer green behavior; and education, income, and age, but not marital status, gender had a moderating effect on consumer green sports behavior.


title: ISLAND DESTINATIONS' TOURISM OFFER - TOURISTS' VS. RESIDENTS' ATTITUDES
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 1
beginPage: 1
endPage: 14
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438250500002
year: 2014
authors: Frleta, DS
docAbstract:
Purpose - The intent of this paper is to provide empirical insights into the tourists' and residents' attitudes regarding islands tourism and its offer, using the Kvarner Bay islands (Losinj and Rab) as a case study. Its purpose is to find out whether differences exist between tourists' and residents' level of satisfaction. The objective is to identify gaps between tourists' satisfaction levels and residents' ones, and, consequently, to identify critical element/s of the analysed destinations. Methodology - This paper uses the results of a comprehensive empirical study conducted in the spring, summer and autumn of 2011. The research was conducted using a questionnaire which was adapted to each target group: tourists and residents. Findings - Findings indicate that residents of the selected islands are more critical than tourists since they rated the tourism offer provided on their island with an overall average grade of 5.08 (Losinj) and 4.63 (Rab), which are lower than the average rates given by tourists. The results identified those elements of the offer that could be improved in order to enhance the quality of life on islands and tourists' overall satisfactory experience. Originality/contribution - The analysis of obtained results shows which elements of the tourism offer are considered as being the destination's weak points by tourists and which are considered such by residents. In this sense, this study provides an important backdrop for the destination's management; it allows a targeted dealing with their specific problems, thus increasing the level of tourists' and residents' satisfaction, and consequently also improving the economic effects of tourism.


type: J
volume: 20
issue: 2
beginPage: 429
endPage: 437
doi: 10.5367/te.2013.0283
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000333621000013
year: 2014
authors: Kozic, I, Mikulic, J
title:
Research note: Measuring tourism sustainability: an empirical comparison of different weighting procedures used in modelling composite indicators

docAbstract:
This paper compares three different procedures for weighting sustainability indicators in the construction of composite indicators of tourism sustainability (TS). The case of Croatian coastal destinations is used. The particular weighting procedures are: (a) factor analysis (FA); (b) expert panel survey; and (c) the equal weights technique. As the results of this study reveal, the weights attached to different sustainability indicators can differ significantly depending on the weighting procedure used. Accordingly, inappropriate choice of weighting procedure could distort the relative importance of different sustainability indicators and thus could result in imperfect decisions by policymakers. The authors argue that the suitability of factor analysis as a weighting procedure in the construction of composite indicators of TS is rather questionable.


title: A sustainable festival management model: the case of International Troia festival
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 2
beginPage: 173
endPage: 193
doi: 10.1108/IJCTHR-04-2013-0017
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213928600007
year: 2014
authors: Duran, E, Hamarat, B, Ozkul, E
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to propose a sustainable festival management model (SFMM) drawing on data from the International Troia Festival, Eanakkale, Turkey. Design/methodology/approach - Three research techniques were used in the study. Survey data examined six motivational dimensions whose importance were tested using the logistic regression analysis. In-depth in(t)erviews and observations were analyzed using content analysis. The study sample comprised festival event attendees, members of public and private businesses and NGOs. Findings - The field research indicated that, culture is the main factor, which motivates visitors to attend the festival and also the main theme of the festival that reflects the significant cultural heritage of the city. A SFMM is presented for the International Troia Festival, based on the results of the field research and literature. Research limitations/implications - The findings of this study solely of SFMM were identified during a Turkish festival. Originality/value - Future applications of SFMM both for generating development of local or international festivals in a sustainable way and for resolving general or regional environmental challenges on festival management are discussed. The model can be used to ensure the sustainability of the International Troia Festival and similar festivals.


title: Hospitality education: sustainable empowerment opportunities for Nigerian women
type: J
volume: 6
issue: 1
beginPage: 62
endPage: 76
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-10-2013-0039
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214502000007
year: 2014
authors: Nwosu, B
docAbstract:
Purpose - The aim of this paper is to explore sustainable tourism initiatives, particularly by identifying the extent to which hospitality education has empowered Nigerian female graduates in their professional and economic circumstances. Design/methodology/approach - The scope is limited to graduates from an all-female institution offering tertiary-level programmes in hospitality, using the survey method. Findings - The paper shows significant relationships between level of educational attainment, type of employment engaged in, and the range of income of hospitality graduates. Research limitations/implications - A limitation to this study is the relatively small size of the sample (300) and subsequent number of respondents (80). Practical implications - The implications follow through from the potential strategies identified in the study that may be adopted by the tourism industry for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the principles of the UN Global Compact particularly in the promotion of sustainable initiatives for women through hospitality education. Originality/value - Gender and empowerment in tourism has been researched extensively from a commercial standpoint. However, this paper address the gap in the literature as it relates to specialised hospitality education as a contributory factor in the empowerment of women.


title: Regional resilience: opportunities, challenges and policy messages from Western North Carolina
type: J
volume: 25
issue: 3
beginPage: 403
endPage: 416
doi: 10.1080/13032917.2014.888673
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212452600006
year: 2014
authors: Slocum, S, Kline, C
docAbstract:
This paper explores resiliency theory by assessing the ability of communities to adapt and recover economically and socially after a natural disaster. Community resiliency describes the capacity of finding a new equilibrium that is strengthened from change. Resilience can be seen as a strategy to facilitate recovery after a trauma and can be used as a preventative measure to avoid undesired outcomes. Through a qualitative assessment of the HandMade in America programme in three rural communities in Western North Carolina, this paper draws attention to the facilitation of community capital, resulting in social and political networks that allowed these towns to rely on increases in tourism to rebound from the 2004 hurricanes season.


title: From sun and sea tourism to cultural tourism - the case of Split-Dalmatia county
type: J
volume: 8
beginPage: 83
endPage: 98
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000217919100005
year: 2014
authors: Tomljenovic, R, Kunst, I
docAbstract:
This paper presents empirical research conducted for the purpose of designing a conceptual development model needed to gradually transform Croatia's Middle Dalmatia region from a sun & sea to a world-class cultural-tourism destination. The first step in the process involved conducting an inventory, classification and evaluation of regional cultural attractions in terms of their market potential, appeal, and stage of market readiness. Following this initial groundwork, and in order to define acceptable development principles and outline preferred courses of action, the second step of the process focused on a region-wide stakeholder consultation process which included organization of regional workshops, focus groups and semi-structured in-depth interviews with regional and/or local tourism and culture professionals, event managers, tourist boards' directors and community leaders. Following the input provided by the relevant cultural tourism stakeholders throughout the Middle Dalmatia region, distinctive development principles have been specified. Based on these development principles, a structured cultural tourism development concept has been proposed to ensure both, international competitiveness and long-term sustainability. (C) 2014 International University College. All rights reserved


title: The influence of professional athlete philanthropy on donation intentions
type: J
volume: 13
issue: 5
beginPage: 579
endPage: 601
doi: 10.1080/16184742.2013.837942
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000328243600005
year: 2013
authors: Kim, M, Walker, M
docAbstract:
Athlete-supported charities and foundations have become increasingly popular forms of philanthropy in the professional sport landscape. However, a paucity of research has examined whether the high-profile status of a professional athlete can influence third-party donations to the charitable cause the athlete supports. Based on theory and prior literature, the image of, and identification with, a professional National Basketball Association athlete were hypothesized to influence donation intentions from potential donors in the Orlando, Florida area. In addition, the intervening effects of personal involvement with the athlete's cause and trust toward the athlete were examined. The results suggest that athlete identification, image of the athlete, trust toward the athlete, and cause involvement significantly influenced donation intentions. The results also indicate that athlete trust mediated the relationship between identification, image, and donation intentions. Finally, cause involvement moderated the relationship between identification with, and trust toward, the professional athlete.


type: J
volume: 15
issue: 6
beginPage: 620
endPage: 624
doi: 10.1002/jtr.1907
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000326475100008
year: 2013
authors: Lorde, T, Lowe, S, Francis, B
title:
Do Tourism Receipts Contribute to the Sustainability of Current Account Deficits: a Case Study of Barbados

docAbstract:
Given Barbados' recent history of persistent current account deficits and reliance on tourism as a major source of foreign exchange and driver of the economy, this paper investigated the contribution of tourism receipts to the sustainability of Barbados' current account deficits. Utilizing an inter-temporal budget approach, it was found that Barbados' current account deficits were weakly sustainable as a result of tourism's contribution, underscoring the island's dependence on the industry. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


title: REPELLENT" TOURISTS VERSUS "SLOW" TOURISTS
type: J
volume: 4
issue: 2
beginPage: 131
endPage: 148
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000219063300007
year: 2013
authors: De Salvo, P, Mogollon, JMH, Di Clemente, E
docAbstract:
Slow philosophy is gaining support in society and making substantial changes in the way we understand the consumption of goods and services and it is also bringing about change in terms of trends in tourist demand. Following this premise, the aim of this paper is to find out the effects of "slowness" on tourism and the potential emergence of a new generation of "slow" rourists. The conclusions include the transformation of the defenition of "slow" tourist as a consumer permeable to the genius loci, as opposed to the "repellent" tourist, impermeable Keywords: tourist demand, qualitative approach, "slow" tourism, repulsive tourism, sustainability.


title: Developing a framework for the analysis of power through depotentia
type: J
volume: 16
issue: 3
beginPage: 302
endPage: 312
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2012.688942
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000317905000005
year: 2013
authors: Hall, BC
docAbstract:
Stakeholder participation in tourism policy-making is usually perceived as providing a means of empowerment. However, participatory processes drawing upon stakeholders from traditionally empowered backgrounds may provide the means of removing empowerment from stakeholders. Such an outcome would be in contradiction to the claims that participatory processes improve both inclusivity and sustainability. In order to form an understanding of the sources through which empowerment may be removed, an analytical perspective has been developed deriving from Lukes' views of power dating from 1974. This perspective considers the concept of depotentia as the removal of power to' without speculating upon the underlying intent, and also provides for the multidimensionality of power to be examined within a single study. The application of this analytical perspective has been tested upon findings of the government-commissioned report of the Countryside and Community Research Unit in 2005. The survey and report investigated the progress of Local Access Forums in England created in response to the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. Consideration of the data from this perspective permits the classification of individual sources of depotentia which can each be addressed and potentially enable stakeholder groups to reverse loss of empowerment where it has occurred.


title: Saving Lives With Soccer and Shoelaces: The Hyperreality of Nike (RED)
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 1
beginPage: 41
endPage: 56
doi: 10.1123/ssj.30.1.41
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000317546400003
year: 2013
authors: Szto, C
docAbstract:
Product (RED) was launched in 2006 as an initiative to activate the corporate sector in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Africa. In 2009, Nike joined Product (RED)'s list of corporate partners with its "Lace Up, Save Lives" campaign. Nike (RED) directs 100% of its profits toward HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention through the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and grassroots soccer programs in Africa. This case study questions the symbolism projected by Nike (RED) and its implications by applying Jean Baudrillard's theories on consumption and hyperreality. The manner in which Nike (RED) represents Africa, HIV/AIDS, soccer, and sport for development and peace are all discussed as mediated simulations that position Nike as the producer of knowledge. Data analysis observes that Nike (RED) laces produce a hyperreality, whereby the origin of truth becomes, according to Baudrillard, indecipherable and soccer becomes more important than HIV/AIDS.


title: A cultural transferability on IT business application: iReservation system
type: J
volume: 4
issue: 2
beginPage: 155
endPage: 176
doi: 10.1108/JHTT-05-2012-0015
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213997300004
year: 2013
authors: Almunawar, MN, Susanto, H, Anshari, M
docAbstract:
Purpose - The emergence of innovative internet-based reservation systems (iReservation systems) is threatening the sustainability of retail travel agencies (TAs) in Brunei Darussalam. With the friendliness and convenience offered by iReservation systems, many customers nowadays prefer to book their tickets and accommodations online. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of iReservation systems on TAs in Brunei Darussalam. In other words, the authors are interested to find out how TAs and customers react to iReservation systems. Design/methodology/approach - To fulfil this objective, surveys were conducted on both the responses from TAs and their customers regarding iReservation systems in Brunei Darussalam. Findings - Most individual customers prefer to book their tickets and accommodations through iReservation systems. However, government and corporate customers still prefer to book tickets and accommodation by TAs. Most TAs are affected by iReservation systems either negatively or positively, depending on how TAs respond with their sustaining strategies such as segmentation, targeting and positioning in the market. Originality/value - It is clear that without proper strategies in facing turbulent changes in the tourism industry, eventually traditional TAs will be disintermediated.


title: THE USE OF URBAN BUILT HERITAGE FOR BOUTIQUE HOTELS: EXAMPLES FROM MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE
type: J
volume: 17
issue: 2
beginPage: 63
endPage: 74
doi: 10.3727/154427213X13728688260758
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214360400001
year: 2013
authors: Henderson, JC, Liew, G, Ong, J, Quek, B
docAbstract:
This article examines aspects of the adaptive reuse of old buildings in historic urban districts for the purpose of boutique heritage hotels, seeking to illuminate opportunities and problems. A case study approach was employed whereby a selection of properties housed in vernacular architecture in Melaka, Penang, and Singapore were surveyed. Fieldwork was undertaken that included informal and more structured interviews with hotel owners and operators. Relevant secondary data were also analyzed. There appears to be a growing demand for and supply of boutique heritage hotels, characterized by smallness of size and distinctiveness expressed in the occupation of converted older buildings. Heritage is a key element, although it may be fused with modern design, and these enterprises have the potential to contribute to urban conservation and sustainability. Insights are afforded into the boutique heritage hotel trend within a Southeast Asian context, highlighting some of the challenges confronting both hoteliers and authorities.


title: Psychological aspects of the experiences of athletes in the Olympic Villages: issues and challenges
type: J
volume: 16
issue: 4
beginPage: 482
endPage: 490
doi: 10.1080/17430437.2013.785755
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213227200013
year: 2013
authors: Kidd, B
docAbstract:
The institution of the Olympic Village - designated housing and amenities for athletes, coaches, officials and media participating in Olympic and Winter Olympic Games constitutes perhaps the most significant contribution of the Olympic Movement to urban development and renewal in the cities where the Games have been staged. It has stimulated innovation in planning, architecture, technology, environmental renewal, protection and sustainability, and public and private finance and, in many cases, has been the subject of intense scrutiny, even controversy. But how well has the Olympic Village served participants, especially the athletes, and to what extent has it enabled the intercultural communication and exchange so fundamental to the core aspirations of the Olympic Movement? This paper pursued those questions at a conference organized by the Olympic Study Centre at the Autonomous University of Barcelona and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1996. I suggested that most athletes experience the Village as a contradiction, frustrating to both their preparations for competition and their desire to be a part of and contribute to a world community devoted to sporting excellence. I argued that every Olympic athlete should be required to live in the Village and encouraged to participate in intercultural activities, but to justify such a condition, the IOC and the organizing committees should give much more attention to the conditions of life within the Village. The paper anticipates some of the considerations that have gone into the design of the Youth Olympic Games.


title: THE SOCIOLOGY OF TOURISM IN JOST KRIPENDORF
type: J
volume: 14
beginPage: 171
endPage: 183
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000210312500010
year: 2013
authors: Korstanje, ME
docAbstract:
The present essay review focuses on the work of Jost Krippendorf, his problems to understand an all encompassing model which would be self-explanatory. Although his project was ambitious, he undermined some basic points at time of formulating a theory of tourist motivation. To unearth the Krippendorf's contributions, is a valid way of honoring his geniality. To date the world of tourism owes too much from the sociology of Jost Krippendorf. Analyzing the pastime as he proposes is the best way to understand many older forms of tourism existed before us. Our ethnocentrism leads us to think ours is the only way of making things.


type: J
volume: 5
issue: 4
beginPage: 412
endPage: 416
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-04-2013-0023
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214500400010
year: 2013
authors: Hussain, K, Nair, V
title:
Conclusions: contemporary responsible rural tourism innovations What are the emerging contemporary rural tourism innovations and how are they enhancing responsible tourism practices in Malaysia?

docAbstract:
Purpose - The main aim of this paper is to critically review the contribution made by this theme issue to the literature by examining contemporary innovations that are emerging and enhancing responsible rural tourism practices in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach - Based on the theme issue, a critical content analysis of the papers selected for the issue was undertaken. Findings - The summary paper generally highlights all emerging and innovative approaches from various case studies in rural tourism destinations in Malaysia. Research limitations/implications - The complex and dynamic realities of rural tourism are both a challenge and an opportunity for responsible governance of rural tourism destinations. Originality/value - The current theme issue explores emerging models from stakeholders' perspectives to enhance the concept of rural tourism sustainability in the context of the economy, social and environment.


title: Awarding Sustainable Asia-Pacific Hotel Practices: Rewarding Innovative Practices or Open Rhetoric?
type: J
volume: 38
issue: 1
beginPage: 15
endPage: 28
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2013.11081726
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453396600002
year: 2013
authors: Weaver, D, Davidson, MCG, Lawton, L, Patiar, A, Reid, S, Johnston, N
docAbstract:
Award programmes facilitate recognition and reward of innovative practices creating industry benchmarks for world-class standards. Growing recognition and adoption of sustainability practices and corporate social responsibility charters amongst hotels internationally is nudging the sustainability paradigm. However, comprehensive empirical data, detailing and describing these practices are under examination. This paper examines sustainable hotel practices of Asia-Pacific hotels utilizing an exploratory inductive content analysis of self-reported award submissions. The submissions of 64 hotels to the Hotel Investment Conference Asia Pacific Sustainable (HICAP) Hotel Award scheme over 2009 and 2010 were analyzed. Three primary categories of sustainability practices were identified: operations-related, community engagement and design-related initiatives. A model of sustainable hotel practices is then proposed, which will assist hotel managers in benchmarking their organization to achieve higher levels of sustainability.


title: Categorizing the Spanish Accommodation Sector: Does Firm Size Influence Economic Profitability?
type: J
volume: 53
issue: 3
beginPage: 257
endPage: 264
doi: 10.1177/1938965512445459
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000306484100011
year: 2012
authors: Hernandez-Lara, AB, Campa-Planas, F, Sanchez-Rebull, MV
docAbstract:
This work aims at clustering Spanish accommodation firms into representative groups and at determining the firm size indicators that characterize each group. By doing this, we strive to explain the different groups' profitability by their firm size indicators, and conclude how such firm size indicators are useful to explain firms' economic sustainability. We apply clustering and logistic regression analyses using year 2008 data from 197 firms to group Spanish accommodation firms in terms of their economic profitability and to determine the firm size indicators that characterize each group. These analyses show three groups of accommodation firms in Spain. Companies in the first group have a positive relationship of profits with operating revenues and assets, but a negative relationship of profits with the number of employees. Companies in the second group have profits positively influenced by the number of employees and negatively affected by assets. Finally, companies in the third group show a negative influence on profits exerted by operating revenues but are positively affected by the number of employees and assets. These findings can serve as a guide to know companies' categories in the accommodation sector in terms of their economic profitability. This work also provides managers with useful information to improve the economic sustainability of these companies. This information could support strategic decisions about the competitive position of their firms and the volume of competitors with a similar economic profile.


title: Sustainable heritage management practices at visited heritage sites in Devon and Cornwall
type: J
volume: 7
issue: 3
beginPage: 219
endPage: 237
doi: 10.1080/1743873X.2012.684798
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000442832300003
year: 2012
authors: Darlow, S, Essex, S, Brayshay, M
docAbstract:
Sustainability is a key challenge facing society in the twenty-first century, although its implementation at heritage sites can present some significant challenges for the custodians. This paper investigates progress in the adoption of sustainable practices in the management of a sample of 416 heritage properties and sites in Devon and Cornwall. The findings are based on the compilation of an inventory of selected heritage resources; an extensive questionnaire survey of managers of historic houses, churches and museums, which investigated the extent of, and opinions about, sustainable management approaches; and targeted, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with a small number of heritage managers that probed key issues in greater depth. The results indicate that very few heritage sites produce sufficient surpluses to facilitate investment in sustainable practices that might ultimately enhance their financial viability and fund enhanced conservation activities. It is argued that future strategies for the management of heritage resources must therefore not only deal with capacity-building, such as access to information and training on sector-specific sustainable management, but also address institutional factors governing heritage in the UK, such as strategic leadership, the most effective models for governance and funding mechanisms for sustainability, and the creation of local and regional heritage networks.


title: Human Resource Policies: Striving for Sustainable Tourism Outcomes in the Maldives
type: J
volume: 37
issue: 2
beginPage: 113
endPage: 122
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2012.11081696
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453392700002
year: 2012
authors: Shakeela, A, Ruhanen, L, Breakey, N
docAbstract:
At an operational level, the appropriate mix of government policies, laws and regulations can contribute to the long term sustainability of tourism destinations. While human resource development (HRD) has been recognized as a critical component for sustainable development of tourism destinations, in the context of Small Island Developing States few studies analyse whether appropriate policies are in place to address HRD needs and opportunities for the tourism sector. Drawing on research undertaken in the Maldives, this paper explores the role of government policies in HRD as a contributor to sustainable tourism development. Using mixed methodology, data were gathered from tourism educators, local community representatives, and a survey questionnaire mail-out for tourism industry managers. The findings indicate that the government has neglected HRD policies in their overall tourism development plans. Further, this research suggests that the ad hoc government policies in HRD related to tourism have had a detrimental effect on the long-term sustainability of the destination and viability of the Maldivian tourism sector.


type: J
volume: 17
issue: 1
beginPage: 67
endPage: 78
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438234700006
year: 2011
authors: Dragicevic, V, Stankov, U, Armenski, T, Stetic, S
title:
EVALUATION OF CONGRESS PERFORMANCE AND CONGRESS ATTENDEES' SATISFACTION - A CASE STUDY OF NOVI SAD (SERBIA)

docAbstract:
The congress industry is a young, dynamic industry, which is growing and maturing at a rapid rate. It is now a truly international industry, witnessing huge investments across all continents. Due to economic and other benefits of a more intangible nature, the number of congress destinations and venues worldwide is growing. In order to provide the sustainability of congress destinations and venues, it is important to examine congress delegates' experience, their overall satisfaction as well as behavioural intentions regarding destination. This study was conducted in the city of Novi Sad, which is after Belgrade the most important international meeting destination in Serbia. The purpose of this study is to examine the experience and overall satisfaction of the attendees at international congresses held in Novi Sad. Also, the relationship between overall satisfaction, word-of-mouth and intention to return were examined. A questionnaire survey was used as an instrument for the study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS standard package. The results showed high level of attendees' satisfaction with the congress elements and with destination choice. Also, the results confirmed that Novi Sad has a great potential for development of congress tourism, as the majority of the respondents show great interest to visit Novi Sad again and they would recommend city as a meeting destination. The results of this study are valuable for congress centre managers and for destination management organizations.


title: An importance-performance analysis of media activities associated with WNBA game consumption
type: J
volume: 14
issue: 1
beginPage: 64
endPage: 78
doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2010.03.001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000208911300007
year: 2011
authors: Zhang, JJ, Lam, ETC, Cianfrone, BA, Zapalac, RK, Holland, S, Williamson, DP
docAbstract:
Since its inception, the WNBA league and its teams have made tremendous efforts to improve their community image through high-quality mass media performance in an effort to promote consumer awareness, interest, and consumption of their game products. However, the relevance and effectiveness of these efforts remains unknown. Due to lack of financial stability, ticket sales, and spectator retention, today WNBA faces great challenges in its sustainability. The purpose of this study was to examine the importance and relevance of mass media performances associated with WNBA game consumption. Through qualitative research procedures, a questionnaire was developed that contained eight media performance, six game consumption, and 10 demographic variables. Following the conceptual framework of the 'expectancy disconfirmation theory', the media performance variables were phrased into two versions: importance and performance. Spectators (N=1431) from five regular season home games of a WNBA team responded to the questionnaire, which was randomly split into two halves: one for EFA and the other for CFA. Two identical factors emerged in the EFA and CFA for the two media performance versions: Visual Media and Audio Media. An EFA was also conducted for the game consumption variables, resulting in one game consumption factor. One-sample t-tests with adjusted alpha level revealed that the mean Visual Media and Audio Media scores in both versions were significantly (p < .05) greater than the midpoints of the factors, indicating that media performance was considered important and satisfactory by WNBA consumers. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the media performance factors in both versions and their congruence scores were positively (p < .05) predictive of game consumption, further indicating the importance and relevance of media performance to the success of WNBA games. (C) 2010 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Sustainable medical tourism in Costa Rica
type: J
volume: 66
issue: 1-2
beginPage: 107
endPage: 117
doi: 10.1108/16605371111127279
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000216247400009
year: 2011
authors: Bristow, RS, Yang, WT, Lu, MT
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the relative importance of sustainable tourism practices to medical tourists. Sustainable management practices have become the accepted and appropriate model for tourism. Medical tourists, those who visit a foreign country for a medical procedure unavailable at home due to high costs, timeliness or local laws and customs, are asked how important a set of sustainable management practices are in their experiences. Selected for this study are the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria (GSTC). These criteria have been designed to be the minimum practices to ensure sustainability for the business as well as protect the natural and cultural resources. Design/methodology/approach - An online survey was employed to gather the travel patterns, motivations and socio-demographics of medical tourists and to test their ranking of the GSTC on a five-point Likert scale. Findings - Medical tourists who travelled to Costa Rica, a recognized ecotourism destination, are more likely to support some of the sustainable criteria designed to maximize social and economic benefits to the local community and minimize negative impacts, than those who travelled elsewhere. Research limitations/implications - While the sample size is modest, this is an exploratory assessment by medical tourists of sustainable management practices. Practical implications - Research into sustainable medical tourism practices is timely given that hospitals are not traditionally in the tourism business, but are now rapidly seeking to provide this service to their foreign patients. Originality/value - The paper presents what is believed to be the first investigation into medical tourists' preferences in sustainable tourism practices.


type: J
volume: 6
issue: 4
beginPage: 341
endPage: 352
doi: 10.1080/1743873X.2011.620113
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000442830600006
year: 2011
authors: Catibog-Sinha, C
title:
Sustainable forest management: heritage tourism, biodiversity, and upland communities in the Philippines

docAbstract:
This paper discusses sustainable forest management in the context of forest-based tourism in the Philippines. Integrating heritage tourism in the implementation of forest management is paramount because the quality and sustainability of nature tourism depend on the ecological integrity of forests. The role of tourism in achieving the goals of sustainable forest management is crucial especially in countries such as the Philippines where the demands for forest resources for tourism and other purposes have been increasing. The tourism management strategies to achieve sustainable forest management in the Philippines include establishing recreational zones within protected forests; using different native fruit-bearing trees in reforestation to attract diverse wildlife, which is a drawcard in tourism; prohibiting illegal collections of threatened forest species for souvenirs; enhancing the tourism and conservation values of botanic gardens within forest reserves; providing supplementary livelihoods to upland dwellers via agroforestry projects; and respecting the culture and practices of indigenous upland people while supporting their economic and traditional subsistence.


type: J
volume: 18
issue: 1
beginPage: 130
endPage: 139
doi: 10.1375/jhtm.18.1.130
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000216240800017
year: 2011
authors: La Lopa, J, Day, J
title:
Pilot Study to Assess the Readiness of the Tourism Industry in Wales to Change to Sustainable Tourism Business Practices

docAbstract:
The adoption of sustainable tourism practices requires tourism organisations to change existing practices. Despite the expected benefits of such new practices, implementing change in organisations is challenging (Caldwell, 2003; Dent & Goldberg, 1999; Kotter & Schelsinger, 2008). An important factor in the implementation of these change programs is the 'readiness to change' of the individuals involved in the process (Diclemente & Prochaska, 1998; Tabor & Lopez, 2004; Zimmerman, Olsen, & Bosworth, 2000). As the value of sustainability principles in the tourism industry has gained prominence, Destination Marketing Organisations (DMOs) have been charged with implementing sustainable tourism practices within their destinations. Often lacking formal authority to mandate change, these DMOs rely on internal marketing and education to stimulate the adoption of sustainable tourism within organisations in their destinations. The current study examines the readiness of managers within the Welsh tourism industry to change behaviour and adopt sustainable tourism practices. One hundred and twenty-nine responses were received from managers within the Welsh tourism industry. The current study utilises 'readiness to change' scales based on the five stages of change to show readiness of the managers in the industry to adopt sustainable tourism practices. A cluster analysis was also undertaken that indicates members of a tourism destination system can be segmented by 'readiness to change' enabling targeted marketing communication to destination members. The present study also provides practical applications for DMOs to implement change based on the 'readiness to change' model.


title: Investigating energy issues in Dominica's accommodations
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 4
beginPage: 345
endPage: 358
doi: 10.1057/thr.2010.10
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212209900008
year: 2010
authors: Nelson, V
docAbstract:
In light of global climate change, issues of energy consumption in the international tourism industry have been receiving increased attention. Although the transport sector of the industry is the largest consumer of energy, the accommodation sector has been identified as an area in which improvements in the type and quantity of energy used could be made. This article presents the results of a first-stage research project which sought to investigate the issues associated with energy consumption and the strategies utilized in the accommodation sector on the Caribbean island of Dominica primarily through in-depth interviews with operators. The findings of the project indicate that, while operators are interested in, and motivated by, environmental sustainability and maintaining the island's reputation as a green destination, this does not always translate into action for a number of reasons, the most significant of which is the cost of energy.


title: PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN CROATIA'S HOTEL INDUSTRY
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 1
beginPage: 69
endPage: 96
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000434885200004
year: 2010
authors: Cizmar, S, Bartoluci, M, Vusic, M
docAbstract:
The authors point out the aspects of tourism and hotel industry development connected with the sustainability of development as well as with social, economic and other development impacts. The paper outlines numerous tourism development impacts on the community and the fact that hotel industry is an industry based on a high level of venture capital. Therefore, the authors examine the components of management model of investment and development process in hotel industry. The authors identify the goals, phases and stakeholders in the planning and development process of investment projects in hotel industry. This is a highly complex process that involves many stakeholders, different specialities, a lot of phases and it lasts a long time. Furthermore, there is always a conflict between the interests of private investors and public interest. Therefore, the paper identifies the necessity to establish the efficient coordination between all the stakeholders and activities within the process. Management practice of investment and development projects in Croatia's hotel industry are examined. An empirical survey which was carried out on the sample of the leading hospitality companies in Croatia has proven the necessity to establish the companies specialized in managing investment processes in the hotel industry. Furthermore, the paper analyses the development of tourism and hotel industries in accordance with the sustainability principles, and points out the necessity to respect the legal framework and spatial planning standards which are determined by the public sector.


title: Integrating Sustainability and Hawaiian Culture into the Tourism Experience of the Hawaiian Islands
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 2
beginPage: 247
endPage: 264
doi: 10.25145/j.pasos.2010.08.018
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212564100001
year: 2010
authors: Agrusa, W, Lema, J, Tanner, J, Host, T, Agrusa, J
docAbstract:
The travel industry in Hawaii has been experiencing a trend towards more authentic tourism, which reintegrates Hawaiian culture into the visitors' experience. This study investigated the reintegration of Hawaiian culture into the tourism experience on the Hawaiian Islands by reviewing existing literature, and by analyzing primary data collected through visitor surveys. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a visitors' demand for a more authentic tourism experience in Hawaii through the reintegration of Hawaiian culture, and if so, which efforts should be made or continue to be made to achieve this authenticity. Important aspects that were taken into consideration in this research effort are the changes Hawaiian culture has experienced with the arrival of outsiders, and the authenticity of the Hawaiian tourism experience today. Further aspects that were examined include the visitors' image of Hawaii, their expectations, their experiences and satisfaction during their stay, their interest in and understanding of Hawaiian culture, as well as the type of Hawaiian cultural experiences they are interested in. According to the findings of this study, English speaking visitors are interested in Hawaiian culture and feel that Hawaiian culture is not represented enough in the tourism experience today. The conclusion is, therefore, that efforts to integrate Hawaiian culture into the tourism experience need to be increased beyond what is currently being done. Ideas for reintegrating Hawaiian culture are discussed and possible solutions are provided.


title: Wine tourism in Spain: The case of three wine regions
type: J
volume: 57
issue: 4
beginPage: 405
endPage: 420
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213656900004
year: 2010
authors: Alonso, AD, O'Neill, MA
docAbstract:
By far the main focus of contemporary wine tourism research has been in 'New World' regions, while it appears to be under development in much of the 'Old World.' The present study adds to this underdeveloped body of research in that it addresses a range of wine tourism development issues, across three prominent 'Old World' wine regions: La Mancha, La Rioja and Penedes. A total of 94 wineries participated in the study. Respondents' answers and comments indicate that while many of the participating wineries are several generati-ons, or centuries, old, wine tourism appears to be in its 'tentative' stages, that is, only star-ting to gain momentum. One positive aspect is that most participants (68.1%) indicated that their wineries are open to the public mainly to generate interest for their wine brands among visitors, while 61.7% use the cellar door to educate customers, thus demonstrating wineries' longer-term strategy to 'convert' visitors to brand loyalty through wine tourism. Given the critical role tourism plays for Spain's economy, with over 50 million visitors per year, these findings can have important implications for the long term sustainability of the wine industry in many of the nation's wine regions.


title: De-constructing the cosmopolitan gaze
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 2
beginPage: 79
endPage: 92
doi: 10.1057/thr.2009.27
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212209600001
year: 2010
authors: Johnson, P
docAbstract:
Nurturing effective inter-cultural dialogue through tourism has been positioned to be an emergent challenge to tourism professionals working toward sustainability in a globalised world (Robinson and Picard, 2006). This interdisciplinary study devises inroads into ways of addressing this challenge through 'reading ' the language of cosmopolitanism as it appears in writings about tourism and travel through examining women ' s travel writing to Iran. These authors were found to mobilise notions of liminality and authenticity as discursive tools to provide authority to the voice, ground discourse and structure the gaze. The cosmopolitan gaze was found to be selective in its focus by drawing from widely held 'legitimate ' Western discourse to construct 'other ' by falling back on preconceived ideas of the foreign. The article addresses the scholarly conundrum of theorising cosmopolitanism and contributes in a useful way by forwarding a conceptual framework that can be applied to further understand the concept and the dynamics that characterise cultural exchange. In this way, it contributes to tourism scholarship by focussing on issues which are immediate to questions which surround sustainable tourism.


type: J
volume: 14
issue: 2-3
beginPage: 99
endPage: 115
doi: 10.3727/154427211X13044361606379
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214357300005
year: 2010
authors: Martinez, E, Orams, MB, Stockin, KA
title:
SWIMMMING WITH AN ENDEMIC AND ENDANGERED SPECIES: EFFECTS OF TOURISM ON HECTOR'S DOLPHINS IN AKAROA HARBOUR, NEW ZEALAND

docAbstract:
The South Island Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori hectori) is both endemic and endangered. It is also subjected to commercial ecotourism operations in Akaroa Harbour, Banks Peninsula. The Hector's dolphin is an attractive species for swim-with-dolphin tourism. It is strictly coastal, resident in well-defined areas, has a low migratory range, and is generally attracted to vessels. In Akaroa Harbour, commercial swim-with-dolphin trips began in 1990 and it is the only place where this type of activity is permitted with this species. This study assessed the effects of such activities on Hector's dolphins, in particular vessel approach and swimmer placement. Effects identified here are similar to those previously reported in other coastal species. Furthermore, although Hector's dolphins showed increased tolerance to swimmers over time, they appear to display a temporal shift in their receptivity to swimmers during the austral summer months. To ensure the sustainability of the local tourism industry, it is recommended that the moratorium on the number of swim permits remains in place. In addition, a reduction in the level of exposure of this population of Hector's dolphins to tourism activities should be considered.


type: J
volume: 7
issue: 3
beginPage: 503
endPage: 514
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212562900013
year: 2009
authors: Alves, S, de Hilal, AVG
title:
Tourism development: sustainable or sustained? Intercultural reflections on the case of Praia do Forte-Bahia, Brazil

docAbstract:
This article ad opts q ualitative ex ploratory re search, und ertaken by m eans o f a si ngle-case study on Praia do Forte, a tourism destination located on the Brazilian coast. Use was made of secondary data and in-depth interviews with local residents, to answer the research question of how this destination could follow a path of tourism development in a way that differentiates it from similar ones; and, as secondary objective if the degree of current development can still be seen as sustainable. Based on a systematic perspective of tourism, we seek to extend the vision of development so as to include sociocultural an d environmental d imensions of sustain ability b ased on Sachs' (19 86) m odel. Th e resu lts indicate that three factors seem to answer the question.


type: J
volume: 7
issue: 1
beginPage: 29
endPage: 42
doi: 10.25145/j.pasos.2009.07.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212550700004
year: 2009
authors: Aguirre, JA
title:
Sustainable Trail Management in Costa Rica National Parks: The use of photography for trail surfacing decisions under tropical rainforest conditions

docAbstract:
Volcan Poas National Park (VPNP) is Costa Rica's most visited park. Its facilities, accessibility, and proximity to the major cities of the country make VPNP a preferred destination for local and foreigner visitors. Aside from its active volcanic cone, the park trails are a major asset. The extremely wet conditions prevailing throughout the year and heavy visitation made it essential to determine visitor's trail surface preferences to guarantee park trail sustainability. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using photos in combination with a regular survey to identify the socio-demographic characteristics and other trail related variables that affect trail surface selection to guide management decisions and resource allocation related to trail design, construction, and maintenance. The study was conducted during May, June and July of 2005.


title: Residents' Attitudes Towards Diversification Sports Tourism in the Balearics
type: J
volume: 34
issue: 1
beginPage: 55
endPage: 65
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2009.11081575
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453374300006
year: 2009
authors: Bartolome, A, Ramos, V, Rey-Maquieira, J
docAbstract:
The attitudes and responses of local residents towards tourism development have been extensively studied over the last two decades. The majority of academic articles have focused on local communities and their perceptions of the economic, sodal and environmental impacts of current tourism. However, there are few studies on how residents feel about the development of new tourism products. This study analyzes, in the case of the Balearic Islands, the residents' attitudes towards the potential impacts of the development of a new tourism product, sports tourism. The results show general positive perceptions but significant differences among the three islands, namely Mallorca, Menorca and Ibiza. This leads to the suggestion for a differentiated tourism strategy for the islands.


title: Comparative Study of the Sustainability of Donor-supported Tourism Clusters in Developing Economies
type: J
volume: 34
issue: 3
beginPage: 269
endPage: 282
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2009.11081602
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453376700005
year: 2009
authors: Hawkins, DE, Calnan, L
docAbstract:
The viability and long-term cohesion of tourism clusters are seen to vary in different country contexts. This study examines the life cycle of tourism clusters in two geographically diverse developing economies their beginnings; forces that influence growth and long-term viability; type, duration and value of donor support; their possible decline, and sometimes rebirth. This study evaluates two tourism clusters in developing countries, beginning by benchmarking them against regional destination competitors; examining the enabling environments within which they operate; and finally, based on the country case studies, analyzing the donor-funded technical assistance programmes which enhanced their institutional capacity to develop tourism products and services. Together, these factors point to key lessons learned about the sustainability of donor-supported tourism clusters in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sri Lanka. For comparative purposes, these two country case studies were selected for (1) their similarities as destinations receiving organized donor-agency support through a project, for the specific purpose of developing and enhancing the capacity of the tourism cluster and its actors; and (2) for the geographic differences - one in Asia, one in Europe including variables such as different geographic competitors, different tourism products and services on offer, and different business/operating environments.


title: Leisure, Tourism, Swimming, Sustainability and the Ocean Baths of New South Wales
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 14
beginPage: 2069
endPage: 2085
doi: 10.1080/09523360903302880
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000207924100002
year: 2009
authors: McDermott, ML
docAbstract:
The presence of more than a hundred wave-dominated public baths on the rocky surf coast of the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) testifies to the enthusiasm of that coast's colonial and post-colonial residents and visitors for structures enabling 'safe enough' day and night immersion in the sea. Beach and pool cultures mix at these challenging public pools, which illuminate the leisure-time relationships with surf, rips, sharks and the NSW rocky shores, and counterpoint other pool and beach cultures within and beyond Australia. The generally unsupervised ocean baths are valued beach safety measures that both predated and continue to complement the lifesaver-patrolled surf beaches. Ocean baths served both to promote tourism and residential development along the NSW coast and to provide training grounds for local, Australian and Olympic sporting champions. While no longer used for elite competitive swimming, these pools remain important venues for recreation and learn-to-swim programs as well as for club and school swimming. Despite the present reluctance to develop ocean baths at new sites, the existing ocean baths are still regarded as iconic beauty spots facilitating and exemplifying a joyous, healthy, egalitarian, sustainable coastal lifestyle.


title: Small Hospitality Business Involvement in Environmentally Friendly Initiatives
type: J
volume: 6
issue: 3
beginPage: 221
endPage: 234
doi: 10.1080/14790530903363407
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212814900004
year: 2009
authors: Alonso, AD, O'Neill, MA
docAbstract:
Complex contemporary economic and political environments are increasingly pressurising businesses to follow environmentally conscious principles, particularly in view of the constant increase of landfill from solid waste, pollution and other environmental issues. Environmental sustainability is a key issue for the hospitality industry in terms of water, power consumption and waste production. However, how important is environmental sustainability for operators, particularly for small operators that because of their size may not have the means and support to be "environmentally friendly"? This study explores this question from the perspective of 21 small hospitality entrepreneurs (SHEs) located in a traditional college town in the Southeastern United States. While there is acknowledgement of the importance of being environmentally friendly, only a small number of operators were actively involved in environmentally sustainable practices. A common concern was the lack of support from local authorities (city council) in facilitating basic infrastructure such as recycling bins for different materials. The absence of a common environmentally friendly culture may have direct impacts on the image of the industry as well as on its customers.


title: World Heritage Site selection in sensitive areas: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
type: J
volume: 4
issue: 4
beginPage: 267
endPage: 285
doi: 10.1080/17438730902972296
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000442798500001
year: 2009
authors: Reddy, MV
docAbstract:
The legacy of UNESCO World Heritage (WH) designation is renowned and for that reason is subject to increased visitor arrivals. This research-based article examines the issues associated with the selection of WH sites in one among the most remote and sensitive environments of the world, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India (ANI). It explores the benefits of sustainable tourism development and conservation measures that the designation could bring to the ANI. The appropriate research methods adopted to consult a wide range of stakeholders are discussed while addressing the challenges facing the potential properties. This article was written from outside of the official WH designation process.


type: J
volume: 63
issue: 1
beginPage: 28
endPage: 35
doi: 10.1108/16605370810861026
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000216226800004
year: 2008
authors: Northcote, J, Macbeth, J
title:
Threshold of tolerability: the impact of management changes to recreational fishing in Ningaloo Marine Park

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine a model for conceptualizing the impacts of environmental management strategies on travel and recreation choice making behavior that considers tolerance thresholds in visitor responses to destination change. Design/methodology/approach - A survey involving a sample of 347 regular campers and fishers in the Ningaloo Marine Park, Australia, is analyzed to discern the effect of tolerance thresholds. Findings - Despite widespread dissatisfaction with enlarged sanctuary zones and negative impacts on recreational activities, visitors indicated a high level of satisfaction with their stay. This apparent contradiction is, it is argued, best explained by the threshold of tolerability concept. Research limitations/implications - It is argued that recreational users, planning authorities and other stakeholders have a threshold of tolerability in terms of decision-making concerning management changes. These thresholds mean that changes in management policies, modes of activity and destination travel choices are rarely predictable in their effect, but are bounded by minimal and ideal expectations of destination appeal. Originality/value - The paper introduces an important concept for tourism research that will aid tourism planning and management authorities in the face of growing environmental pressures caused by overpopulation and climate change.


type: J
volume: 5
issue: 2
beginPage: 97
endPage: 112
doi: 10.1080/14790530802252768
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212811900002
year: 2008
authors: Richins, H, Mayes, G
title:
Historical Progression of Sustainable Management Concerning Marine Tourism Activities: A Case Study in Eastern Australia

docAbstract:
This paper explores through a case study on a broader and more specific basis, the historic and more recent development of sustainable management and natural resource practices of a prominent coastal tourism region in Australia, and a representative example of an accredited marine ecotourism operator within that region who has been applying policies and management practices in sustainable marine wildlife tourism. The paper includes the growth and development of marine wildlife tourism with an emphasis on the region as well as further development of marine wildlife-based sustainable management practices. This also involves a detailed discussion of the practices aboard the enterprise Imagine Cruises, and the visitor experience in attempting to provide best environmental practices and in turn offer positive wildlife and environmental management tactics in contributing in the short term to the sustainability of the dolphin and whale watch industry which operates within the bay and the coastal and marine areas of Port Stephens. The historical development of marine-based and land-based sustainable management policies and practices in Port Stephens are examined in the paper, in a region which has rapidly become a major tourism destination based on abundance of cetacean wildlife, natural attributes and proximity to Sydney, Australia. Through the case review of the historical development of the Port Stephens environment, wildlife conservation and the focus on preservation of the rich natural resources of the region coupled with the advancement and implementation of sustainable policies and practices in nature-based wildlife tourism and especially the cetacean tourism industry, these can be conveyed as factors of importance in the further development of sustainable marine wildlife practices regionally, nationally and potentially influencing decision making on an international level.


title: Transforming the governance of plan-making in Hong Kong
type: J
volume: 1
issue: 3
beginPage: 256
endPage: 271
doi: 10.1108/17538330810911253
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213915200003
year: 2008
authors: Wan, YKP, Chiu, LHR
docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper seeks to examine changing plan-making governance processes in Hong Kong and identifies factors leading to the changes. Design/methodology/approach - Both primary and secondary sources of data were collected. Various stakeholders were interviewed and analysis of Hong Kong planning policies, ordinances and guidelines was undertaken. Findings - Since the late 1990s, plan-making in Hong Kong has undergone a major shift in governance from that of an elitist-led pro-growth mode to one with more community engagement, environmental consciousness and sustainability. The Southeast Kowloon development scheme played a crucial role in triggering this shift. Research limitations/implications - The paper focuses solely on one of the three planning systems in Hong Kong, plan-making. Practical implications - This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the changing governing processes of Hong Kong's plan-making and will be useful for policy-makers when examining whether ruling strategies are responding well to changing circumstances. It also contributes to the existing governance literature by offering some insights into the nature of governance and the methodologies for studying it. Originality/value - There is little literature linking governance and urban planning in Hong Kong. The paper offers a useful background and a framework for future studies.


type: J
volume: 4
issue: 3
beginPage: 211
endPage: 230
doi: 10.1080/14790530701778202
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212810400004
year: 2007
authors: Alipour, H, Dizdarevic, L
title:
A Conceptual Sustainability Approach to Tourism Planning and Development in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)

docAbstract:
This research aims to explore the processes of tourism planning and policies in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). For this purpose, a research model has been designed and tested for use in the case of BiH. The main backdrop to this model is based on a new, alternative tourism planning perspective (Tourism planning: a third way?) developed and designed for similar situations (Burns, 2004). The study proceeded by examining the institutions responsible for tourism development through the application of in-depth interviews, content analysis, personal communications, and observation. The findings of the study revealed that although the concept of tourism planning is well understood amongst decision-makers, it has, however, remained a theoretical precept rather than a practice which is implemented. The study has also revealed that the perception of tourism planning and development is devoid of new approaches in respect of the issues of sustainability and community involvement in the decision making process. Therefore, sustainability is not used as an integrated framework, and policies are made without including these two important dimensions, which are at the core of the Third Way model. According to the findings, the present situation can be attributed on the one hand to the political complexity of the economies in transition and, on the other, to the reluctance of the officials to commit themselves to a planning process which involves responsibilities and sacrifices.


type: J
volume: 11
issue: 2
beginPage: 97
endPage: 106
doi: 10.3727/154427207783948919
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213642300002
year: 2007
authors: Billington, R, Cadoppi, V, Carter, N
title:
STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT, CULTURE, AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE BLACKSTONE VALLEY OF NEW ENGLAND, USA: A WORK IN PROGRESS

docAbstract:
Following its historical rise and fall, America's first industrialized polluted landscape garnered federal and local support to remedy its near destruction. Today, the Blackstone Valley is a pragmatic example of translating theory into practice. The Blackstone Valley Tourism Council, since its inception in 1985, has applied leadership, innovation, and commitment to its mission and innovative sustainable tourism place-making principles in its work. This dedication to its destination, aligned with principles from the World Tourism Organization, United Nations Environmental Programme & World Tourism Organization, and the Geotourism principles of the National Geographic Society, Center for Sustainable Destinations, has led the way for the Blackstone Valley to become a sustainable tourism destination. The Tourism Council has worked to preserve and enhance the Valley's environment, respect the sociocultural authenticity of the communities, and provide economic growth to all stakeholders. Social responsibility from all sectors of the community has led the Valley to find its direction, follow its vision, and share it with others along the way. The Blackstone Valley Tourism Council continues to fulfill the vision of sustainable tourism through the Sustainable Tourism Planning and Development Laboratory. The Laboratory's purpose is to share the Tourism Council's experience in developing planned sustainable tourism with local, regional, state, provincial, and worldwide tourism leaders, and community stakeholders seeking to develop viable and successful destinations.


title: ECOTOURISM RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AS A WAY FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN EGYPT
type: J
volume: 12
issue: 1-2
beginPage: 39
endPage: 49
doi: 10.3727/108354207780956681
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213798400004
year: 2007
authors: Eraqi, MI
docAbstract:
As ecotourism becomes more and more popular, sustainability requirements cannot be ignored from the viewpoints of both practitioners and researchers. The purpose of this study is to present an overview of a general picture for ecotourism resources management to understand how sustainability can be applied to different tourism sites and how ecotourism resources can be managed and marketed effectively and efficiently in Egypt. Statistical models, such as Statistical Means, Correlation Coefficients, Chi-Square, and Regression Analysis, are used to test and interpret the research outcomes. The research findings explained that there are positive attitudes of locals towards sustainability requirements and there is a degree of misunderstanding to the concept of ecotourism for many tourism companies and agencies in Egypt. Also, it is important to develop a new marketing strategy for ecotourism in Egypt using suitable tourism marketing strategies and policies.


title: The World Heritage and cultural landscapes
type: J
volume: 4
issue: 3
beginPage: 409
endPage: 419
doi: 10.25145/j.pasos.2006.04.027
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212549800008
year: 2006
authors: Esposito, M, Cavelzani, A
docAbstract:
Landscapes have a range of values that communities recognize as important and want to conserve. Cultural and natural values are the qualities which make a place or landscape important. In particular, we can consider Cultural Landscapes an important and constitutional part of the World Heritage. It is fundamental that stakeholders must know what values are to be found in their cultural landscapes and consequently reinforce the protection and enhancement of the values. The attempt to help the awareness is presented in the paper and discussed as an UNESCO instrument of observation, retention and pro-active conservation of the heritage of our past, as institutional to the formation of continuity in the future years to come and for the future generations. Finally, one case study is also illustrated as a very good example of effective values-based management.


title: A Sharing-Based Approach to Enticing Tourists to Behave More Environmentally Friendly
type: J
volume: 58
issue: 2
beginPage: 241
endPage: 252
doi: 10.1177/0047287517746013
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000454939100005
year: 2019
authors: Dolnicar, S, Cvelbar, LK, Grun, B
docAbstract:
Tourist behavior has a critical impact on the environmental sustainability of tourism. The hedonic nature of tourism and lack of an economic incentive make tourist behavior particularly hard to change. Making tourists behave more environmentally friendly would have substantial environmental benefits. This is the aim of the present study. Three alternative approaches are tested. The most successful approach-based on sharing monetary savings with guests-leads to a 42 percent change in one specific tourist behavior with negative environmental consequences. This new sharing-based approach significantly outperforms current approaches of increasing awareness of environmental consequences and of tourist ability to make a change. Tourism businesses should consider replacing current appeals with sharing-based schemes.


type: J
volume: 70
beginPage: 368
endPage: 380
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000448096100042
year: 2019
authors: Lee, TH, Jan, FH
title:
Can community-based tourism contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from residents' perceptions of the sustainability

docAbstract:
In this paper, the research gaps in sustainable tourism development were addressed by examining residents' perceptions of the sustainability of community-based tourism based on tourism area life cycle theory. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the residents of six Taiwanese communities, and it was designed to determine the residents' perceptions of the economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and life satisfaction sustainability of tourism. In total, 849 usable questionnaires were collected. The analytical results further elucidated the sustainability of nature-based tourism and suggested that the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability varied significantly in the consolidation, development, and involvement stages of community-based tourism development. The four dimensions of sustainability were evaluated according to the pre- and post-development perceptions of tourism sustainability, and significantly different results were obtained. The study concludes that the residents' perceptions differed across the developmental stages; thus, managers should consider the development opportunities and adopt appropriate strategies across different development stages.


title: An exploratory study of managerial approaches to food waste mitigation in coffee shops
type: J
volume: 76
beginPage: 48
endPage: 57
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.010
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453493600008
year: 2019
authors: Filimonau, V, Krivcova, M, Pettit, F
docAbstract:
The hospitality industry generates substantial amounts of food waste. Although the issue has been politically recognised, it remains under-researched. Studies are limited in number and restricted in sectoral and geographical coverage. They have attempted to quantify and characterise food waste in hospitality ventures while the managerial approaches to its reduction have not been scrutinised. The coffee shop sub-sector of the hospitality industry has been entirely excluded from analysis. This study examined food waste in UK coffee shops through the managerial lens. While food waste represents a significant challenge, the managerial approaches to its minimisation are conservative and focus on disposal, rather than prevention. Lack of governmental support, imperfect legislation, irresponsible consumer behaviour and restricted internal resources inhibit application of more advanced managerial approaches. To enhance the effectiveness of food waste management within the sub sector, targeted policy interventions designed to strengthen corporate commitments and facilitate pro-environmental changes in consumer behaviour are necessary.


title: Imitation strategies and interfirm networks in the tourism industry: A structure-agency approach
type: J
volume: 9
beginPage: 166
endPage: 174
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.01.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000436916300017
year: 2018
authors: Aarstad, J, Ness, H, Haugland, SA, Kvitastein, OA
docAbstract:
The paper investigates the association between tourism firms' imitation strategies and the interfirm network structure in which they are embedded. In particular, it analyzes how imitation contributes to (1) tie formation and (2) clustered structures. It also tests reverse relationships; i.e. how tie formation and clustered structures cause imitation. The paper combines network and survey data within and across nine Norwegian destinations. Estimations with instrumental variables show that imitation is an effect, and probably also a cause, of the network structure. More specifically, clustered structures increase imitation, which increases firms' involvement and tie formation activities with other firms in the interfirm network. The study illustrates how the structure agency duality can be addressed in a tourism destination context.


title: The hospitality model revisited: Developing a hospitality model for today and tomorrow
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 3
beginPage: 297
endPage: 311
doi: 10.1386/hosp.8.3.297_7
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000445571600005
year: 2018
authors: Lombarts, A
docAbstract:
The main purpose of this research note is to propose a revised version of Reuland, Choudry and Fagel's hospitality model; the original model took into account the tangible elements such as product and environment and the intangible elements such as behaviour (from both the managerial and the customer's perspective). The transaction was the actual interaction. The renewed and broadened interest in hospitality demands an updated and broadly applicable hospitality model. To adapt the hospitality model, the concept of hospitality was studied, along with contemporary societal developments of sustainable development (SD) and stakeholder relation management (SRM). The adaptation should meet the needs of present generations without compromising those of future generations. The complexity of today's networked world was also taken into account. This resulted in a revised model that builds on four sustainability pillars: economical, ecological, social and cultural. It proposes considering hospitality as an experience in which a myriad of stakeholders may interact, involving a variety of products and taking place in various contexts. The main limitation of this note is that this conceptual elaboration has yet to be proven in practice. Therefore, the note ends with suggestions for further research into the applicability of the model in other fields such as healthcare and city management.


title: A typology of cause-related marketing approaches in European professional basketball
type: J
volume: 21
issue: 4
beginPage: 347
endPage: 362
doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2017.08.006
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000441854000002
year: 2018
authors: Schyvinck, C, Willem, A
docAbstract:
As professional sports organisations are increasingly engaging in Cause-Related Marketing (CRM), there is a growing interest in understanding to what extent Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can deliver win-win outcomes for both the organisation and society at large. In this article, the authors provide a typology of CRM approaches adopted by professional sports teams and demonstrate if and how they approach social responsibility from a marketing perspective. The authors use a qualitative method to explore CRM engagement of professional basketball teams in Europe. The findings show that CRM is more than an act of philanthropy to the majority of the sports organisations. The sport organisations envision a win-win situation either through increased revenue or improved stakeholder relationships, or a combination of both. The authors merge the CSR and CRM concept and contribute to the CRM literature by investigating it from a broad managerial and stakeholder perspective rather than from a unilateral consumer perspective. The model will assist sports managers in CRM decision-making, more specifically, in handling the paradox between commercialising CRM and safeguarding integrity. (C) 2017 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 67
beginPage: 376
endPage: 387
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.02.012
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429754100036
year: 2018
authors: Tan, SK, Tan, SH, Kok, YS, Choon, SW
title:
Sense of place and sustainability of intangible cultural heritage - The case of George Town and Melaka

docAbstract:
The pressure of tourism on heritage sites is threatening the cultural heritage of such places. Local community voices should be studied in order to understand what and how to preserve the intangible cultural heritage at WHSs as they are the main players of this intangible heritage. With reference to the concepts of place attachment, this study examines the elements of 'person-place bonding' that may contribute to the sustainability of intangible cultural heritage, and how these elements help the sustainability of heritage tourism. In-depth interviews, observations were conducted in the WHSs of George Town and Melaka, Malaysia. A total of 32 documents were analysed. The 'Sense of Loss', 'Sense of Justice' and 'Sense of Mission' emerged as the three main themes of 'person-place bonding'. This bonding motivates community participation in sustaining the intangible cultural heritage they value. Besides, 'awareness' and 'creativity' are two vital codes that link the ecosystem of WHSs. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 24
issue: 3
beginPage: 203
endPage: 217
doi: 10.1177/1356766717691806
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000434658300001
year: 2018
authors: Bausch, T, Unseld, C
title:
Winter tourism in Germany is much more than skiing! Consumer motives and implications to Alpine destination marketing

docAbstract:
Winter sports tourism is a key economic factor in many mountain regions worldwide. Research to date has concentrated on economic and environmental questions related to winter sports and winter outdoor activities, with the impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies being the dominant fields of discussion. An analysis of German winter holidays indicates that winter sports are only one of several product types. The fact that the majority of German travellers prefer long-haul warm weather destinations in the winter raises the question of triggering factors for winter holiday trips. A qualitative study based on a Germany-wide online discussion forum analyses all aspects of winter trips. It centres on people's everyday life during the winter and their linked emotions, travel motives, destination choices and general expectations, in particular with relation to trips to Alpine destinations. The results show that the grey winter weather and factors such as cold, humidity, lack of sun and dull atmosphere are the dominant factors in the desire to escape on a holiday trip. Non-skiers expect snow-covered landscapes and an environment conducive to relaxation-related activities and are therefore likely to be looking for sustainable winter products. This supports Alpine destination managers who are developing sustainable winter products in addition to winter sports in order to become more competitive in the non-skier market.


title: Itinerary planning: Modelling cruise lines' lengths of stay in ports
type: J
volume: 73
beginPage: 55
endPage: 63
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.02.005
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000440529800008
year: 2018
authors: Nijkamp, P, Chen, JM
docAbstract:
Cruise tourism is a fast-growing segment of the tourism industry that generates substantial benefits to port cities. This study explores strategic aspects of cruise lines' itinerary planning, and models the determinants of their lengths of stay in ports, based on extensive observations of network data collected from emerging Japanese cruise ports. The duration model shows the robust result that a cruise line's duration of stay in a port is primarily influenced by the gross tonnage of the cruise ship, the number of passengers, the sailing distance from the previous port, the sailing distance to the next port, the nature of international cruise lines, the specific home ports of cruise ships (e.g. Yokohama), and the attractive ports of call (e.g. Kyoto).


title: Choosing between exiting or innovative solutions for bed and breakfasts
type: J
volume: 73
beginPage: 12
endPage: 19
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.015
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000440529800003
year: 2018
authors: Kuo, CM, Tseng, CY, Chen, LC
docAbstract:
Choosing between an exit and innovative solution are discussed in responding to the issues of oversupply and homogeneity facing bed and breakfast businesses in Taiwan. A grounded theory using semi-structured interviews was used to identify the form of stewardship-based exit strategy, as well as factors that determine the success of B&Bs. Face-to-face interviews with 30 B&B owners identified eight factors: personal values, thanksgiving, sense of happiness, dedication to community, family identity, provision of family-oriented and fun environment, experience of thematic B&B, and eco-tourism travelers. A competitive differentiation strategy drawing on one or many elements of these factors may be implemented, depending on the preference of B&B owners and the unique destination resources that they can integrate and reconfigure. Grounded theory helps clarify the innovative solutions with differentiation strategies that are important for sustainability of B&Bs when the market is in the saturation or decline stage of the product life cycle.


title: Cross-citation and authorship analysis of hotel performance studies
type: J
volume: 73
beginPage: 75
endPage: 84
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.02.004
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000440529800010
year: 2018
authors: Sainaghi, R, Phillips, P, Baggio, R, Mauri, A
docAbstract:
This study develops a literature review of hotel performance studies, and provides insights by adopting a cross citation network approach. Two research questions are defined. First question focuses on the most cross-cited papers and journals, and identifies salient trends. Second question considers who are the most popular cross cited and citing authors. This work is rooted in bibliometric studies, and adopts a relational approach. Based on cross-citations, a network is built by using 734 papers published during the period 1996-2015, as nodes and the cross-citations between them as links. Exploratory analysis reveals spectacular growth of outputs, with the last time period (2011-2015) including 56% of outputs. The most cross-cited papers possess the characteristics of: being older; representing 1% of sample but accounting for 14% of cross-citations. The 734 papers are published in 164 journals, but they show a clear core-periphery structure with International Journal of Hospitality Management ranked first.


title: Residents' attitude as determinant of tourism sustainability: The case of Trujillo
type: J
volume: 35
beginPage: 36
endPage: 45
doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.02.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000434347500005
year: 2018
authors: Lopez, MFB, Virto, NR, Manzano, JA, Miranda, JGM
docAbstract:
This research aims to gain knowledge to understand residents' attitudes towards tourism sustainability in a destination where the main attraction is an archaeological site by analysing the effects of residents' support and perceived benefits for tourism sustainability (in economic, market and social terms). The relationships between perceived benefits and residents' support and among local involvement, attachment and perceived benefits were also examined. The proposed model was assessed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) regression. The data analysis showed that perceived benefits have a more significant effect on tourism sustainability than on residents' support. Interestingly, the influence of community involvement was found to be stronger than community attachment on perceived benefits surrounding a Peruvian archaeological site. This study can assist scholars and managers by shedding light on the understanding of tourism sustainability from a performance viewpoint that considers both financial and non-financial terms. (C) 2018 The Authors.


type: J
volume: 8
beginPage: 41
endPage: 48
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.10.005
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000436916000005
year: 2018
authors: Del Chiappa, G, Atzeni, M, Ghasemi, V
title:
Community-based collaborative tourism planning in islands: A cluster analysis in the context of Costa Smeralda

docAbstract:
This study analyses residents' perceptions and attitudes towards tourism development and community integration in tourism planning in an island tourism destination whose economy is widely influenced by the presence of big external investors. Findings reveal that residents believe that tourism planning should be more sensitive to residents and tradition, and be able to guarantee a higher level of heritage proximity in order to achieve a more indigenous/endogenous-oriented development. Exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analysis were conducted. Four clusters were identified ('enthusiastics', 'moderate supporters', 'critics', and 'indifferents'), with significant differences in terms of employment reliance on tourism, length of residence, contact with tourists in everyday life, and level of education. Conversely, they did not differ based on gender, age, employment status, or geographical proximity to the tourist area, thus providing some contradictory insights when compared with previous studies. From a theoretical point of view, the findings seem to suggest that studies devoted to the investigation of residents' view and attitude toward tourism should concentrate more on the personal values of respondents and less on their socio-demographic characteristics, which often render the findings of cluster analysis very site-specific and hard to generalise. Managerial implications are discussed, and suggestions for further research are provided.


type: J
volume: 72
beginPage: 67
endPage: 77
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435061500008
year: 2018
authors: Ali, F, Okumus, B, Bilgihan, A, Ozturk, AB
title:
Psychological factors influencing customers' acceptance of smartphone diet apps when ordering food at restaurants

docAbstract:
This paper examines the adoption of smartphone diet apps by restaurant customers and, more specifically, the psychological factors that influence their intention to use such apps when ordering food at restaurants. Data was collected from 395 individuals and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results showed that customers' intention to use smartphone diet apps is predicted by expected performance of the application, anticipated effort of usage, social influence, and degree of user innovativeness. Following the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study proposes five determinants of mobile diet apps' usage intentions: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and personal innovativeness. Based on the study results, theoretical and practical implications are provided for scholars, health professionals, restaurant operators, and smartphone application developers.


title: Destination Competitiveness: Public and Private Sector Tourism Management in Serbia
type: J
volume: 57
issue: 3
beginPage: 384
endPage: 398
doi: 10.1177/0047287517692445
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000424059300008
year: 2018
authors: Dwyer, L, Armenski, T, Pavlukovic, V
docAbstract:
This study explores the underlying dimensions of destination competitiveness, analyzing the contributions of government and industry stakeholders in enhancing the competitive position of Serbia on the international tourism market. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to explore latent dimensionality of "destination competitiveness" among 48 competitiveness attributes evaluated by experts from the public and private sectors of Serbia's tourism industry. Results show that Serbian competitiveness structure comprises five dimensions: risk management and adaptive environmental strategies, innovation and product development, planning for sustainable development, networking and community concern, and education for sustainability. The research identifies challenges and suggests areas where private and public linkages should be strengthened in order to enhance the competitiveness of Serbia's tourism industry. Generically, the study advances our understanding of destination competitiveness, its multidimensional nature, and the implications for policy making.


type: J
volume: 8
issue: 1
beginPage: 23
endPage: 44
doi: 10.1386/hosp.8.1.23_1
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000428723300002
year: 2018
authors: Melissen, F, Cavagnaro, E, Duweke, A
title:
The host-guest relationship is the key to sustainable hospitality: Lessons learned from a Dutch case study

docAbstract:
As for any other business, our collective challenge to realize sustainable development requires hotels to incorporate the principles of sustainability in their operations and to simultaneously create economic, social and environmental value. Although hotels are increasingly engaged with specific aspects of sustainability, many if not most hospitality professionals still seem to assume that guests are predominantly driven by hedonic and gain motives, view sustainable measures as a threat to their hospitality experience, and are therefore not willing to accept more progressive sustainability measures. This article explores whether this assumption is correct and whether guests are willing and able to focus on sustainability related (normative) values during their stay in a hotel, and thus accept an adjustment to the current host-guest relationship in hotels. By reviewing relevant literature and analysing the results of interviews with hotel guests, this article concludes that as far as the guest is concerned, the host-guest relationship within hotels need not be limited to a purely economic transaction but actually offers room for an open and informed discussion between host and guest on ways to transform this relationship to one that actually supports sustainable development of the hotel sector and wider society. This conclusion will hopefully inform a more mature approach by hotels to the integration of sustainability in their strategy and operations, and a more unreserved and collaborative dialogue with guests about current and future sustainability measures.


title: Economic crisis and residents' perception of the impacts of tourism in mass tourism destinations
type: J
volume: 7
beginPage: 68
endPage: 75
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.08.008
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429392300009
year: 2018
authors: Garau-Vadell, JB, Gutierrez-Tano, D, Diaz-Armas, R
docAbstract:
In times of economic uncertainty and crisis, residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism and their support for tourism development may be different to those noted in times of prosperity. This study tests the influence of an economic crisis on such perceptions and residents' willingness to support the development of tourism. The research compares data gathered in 2006, in a booming economic environment, with data from 2014, in the middle of a long-lasting economic recession. The data are from two major international mass tourism resorts in Spain: Mallorca and Tenerife. Results indicate that an economic recession causes a significant growth of the residents' support towards tourism, particularly due to a significant decrease in the residents' perception of costs related to such development. These findings highlight how economic crises influence residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism and lead to an underestimation of costs. Hence, it evidences the crucial role that resort managers have to play to ensure the sustainability of the destination at times when a more permissive view is taken by residents. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Image Matters: Incentivizing Green Tourism Behavior
type: J
volume: 57
issue: 3
beginPage: 296
endPage: 309
doi: 10.1177/0047287517697848
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000424059300002
year: 2018
authors: Hanks, L, Line, ND, Miao, L
docAbstract:
Understanding the factors that motivate tourists to engage in pro-environmental behavior is an increasingly important topic in the tourism industry. In order to incentivize such green behavior, lodging properties often offer incentives to tourists who are willing to participate in property-level sustainability programs. Unfortunately, incentivizing participation in such initiatives is a difficult task, as tourists' willingness to engage in pro-environmental behavior often depends on a number of situation-specific factors. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to advance the understanding of the motivating factors that underlie tourist reactions to sustainability programs. Based on the tenets of motivation crowding theory, this research demonstrates that such reactions depend not only on the nature of the incentive that is offered but also on the image of the destination in which the property is located.


title: Event tourism and event imposition: A critical case study from Kangaroo Island, South Australia
type: J
volume: 64
beginPage: 73
endPage: 86
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.08.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413881800008
year: 2018
authors: Higgins-Desbiolles, F
docAbstract:
Events are increasingly a focus for destination marketing organisations because of the tourists numbers and spending they attract. As a result, an event tourism phenomenon has emerged which seeks to exploit events as tourism assets for growing tourism. Such practices may have significant consequences for local communities. This article offers a case study analysis of the 2011 Kangaroo Island Pro-Surf and Music Festival to illustrate how such dynamics can play out. This event was developed by event tourism authorities without pre-consultation with the impacted community, which led to community opposition. This opposition undermined the event's success and future. This work offers a detailed case study that provides some insight into the policy dynamics of the event instigators operating under a neoliberal policy paradigm. This article contributes to efforts to build knowledge resulting from critical de constructions of political and economic dynamics that shape tourism policy and planning (Dredge & Jamal, 2015). (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Impact of a gaming company's CSR on residents' perceived benefits, quality of life, and support
type: J
volume: 64
beginPage: 281
endPage: 290
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.09.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413881800025
year: 2018
authors: Lee, CK, Kim, J, Kim, JS
docAbstract:
Despite increasing research interest in the field of gaming and corporate social responsibility (CSR), empirical studies on the impact of a gaming company's CSR on residents have been limited. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a gaming company's CSR on residents' quality of life, perceived benefits, and support for the company's casino development based on stakeholder theory and social exchange theory. This study also investigates the mediating roles of residents' quality of life and perceived benefits. An onsite survey was conducted with 459 residents in a gaming community. This study found that the gaming company's CSR was comprised of four dimensions (economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic) and positively influenced residents' quality of life and perceived benefits. CSR also influenced residents' support directly and indirectly. In particular, residents' quality of life and perceived benefits played significant roles in mediating the relationship between CSR and support. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 42
issue: 1
beginPage: 23
endPage: 48
doi: 10.1177/0193723517731876
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000419042800002
year: 2018
authors: Lee, SP, Heinze, K, Lu, LD
title:
Warmth, Competence, and Willingness to Donate: How Perceptions of Partner Organizations Affect Support of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in Professional Sport

docAbstract:
To enact corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, sport organizations often partner with organizations in different sectors, including public, private, and nonprofit. These partnerships provide teams and leagues with needed resources to effectively execute social initiatives. Little is known, however, about sport organizations' partnership portfolios and the effectiveness of combining partnerships to improve cause outcomes. Using two experimental studies, we examine perceptions of partnership organizations in terms of warmth and competence, how these combined perceptions in a portfolio affect individuals' willingness to donate to CSR initiatives, and whether portfolio perceptions can be improved by articulation. We find that perceptions of portfolio warmth and competence increased willingness to donate to sport organizations' CSR initiatives through the serial mediation effects of cause fit and response efficacy in the structural equation model. Furthermore, we find that corporate competence articulation reduced the mediation effect of response efficacy in the structural relationship.


type: J
volume: 64
beginPage: 1
endPage: 12
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.07.013
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413881800001
year: 2018
authors: Lin, LP, Yu, CY, Chang, FC
title:
Determinants of CSER practices for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: From the perspectives of administrative managers in tour operators

docAbstract:
Responsible corporate action has long been recognized as a vital step toward sustainability. Recently, this notion has also been introduced in tourism practices. Consequently, researchers have gradually become involved in exploring how tourism CSER is practiced, what might motivate it, and the relationship between financial performance and accredited actions. However, studies have primarily focused on the hospitality, airline, and cruise industries, and been geographically limited to Europe and North America. In order to fill this research gap, this study measures Taiwanese tour operators' CSER activeness in reducing GHG emission according to a comprehensive set of items ranging from firm operation to destination management. Particularly, an extended TPB model has been employed to examine significant predictors of CSER performance, from the perspective of administrative managers. The findings indicate that managers' attitudes regarding the benefits to the society and company interests are the most important predictors of business operations, supply chain, and destination management in CSER practices, respectively. The age of tourism business also plays an important role. This study contributes to the theoretical enhancement of CSER and TPB. Also, several practical suggestions are proposed in this study that will enhance the CSER profiles of tour operators. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 18
issue: 4
beginPage: 413
endPage: 438
doi: 10.1080/16184742.2017.1410202
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000440725300002
year: 2018
authors: Anagnostopoulos, C, Parganas, P, Chadwick, S, Fenton, A
title:
Branding in pictures: using Instagram as a brand management tool in professional team sport organisations

docAbstract:
Research question/purpose: Instagram has become an increasingly popular tool for sport organisations to share visual content. This study aims to examine how professional team sport organisations use Instagram for branding purposes and to explore the meaning of Instagram followers' reactions to the organisations' Instagram activity. Research methods: The study was conducted in two phases. First, we analysed 2017 Instagram photos of two football teams from the English Premier League. Photos were categorised on product- and non-product-related brand attributes. Employing a quantitative content analysis technique, statistical analysis involved intra-case and inter-case relationships between brand attributes and Instagram's key fan engagement features (Comment and Like). Second, we analysed 2100 Instagram comments from a qualitative perspective in order to gain further insight into the fans' meanings associated with such posts. Results and findings: The findings offer significant insights to sport marketers in their efforts to increase fan engagement through social media. For both of the examined football teams, product-related attributes were used significantly more often than non-productrelated attributes and encouraged greater engagement from online followers. Against these brand attributes, fans' interaction through one of the Instagram's key engagement features is expressed through 'aspiring'-, 'belonging'-, 'criticising'-, and 'loving'-based comments.


title: Foraging tourism: critical moments in sustainable consumption
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 4
beginPage: 685
endPage: 701
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1384831
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000429993000011
year: 2018
authors: de Jong, A, Varley, P
docAbstract:
Despite the prevalence of sustainability discourses across the Global North, for the majority of people abstract issues of sustainability often have a low salience with the realities of travel choices. Researchers examining sustainable tourism recognise that any changes resulting in sustainable performance are likely to come about as a result of shifts in everyday highly routinised social practices, relations and socio-technical structures. Attending to these debates, this paper examines relations between social practice, sustainability and tourism through the rise in foraging tourism in the United Kingdom. Using evidence from interviews and media analysis detailing perspectives of foraging course leaders and attendees, alongside participant observation, the paper records the ways in which foraging experiences are negotiated and accomplished in commercial contexts and what participants do with the ideas and practices post-experience. By engaging with debates surrounding the meanings of sustainable tourism, the paper extends understanding of these concepts through the identification of foraging tourism as a facilitator in rethinking everyday practice and discourse. The paper ends by evaluating the potentials of tourism in facilitating sustainable performance and discourse.


title: Climate change acknowledgement and responses of summer (glacier) ski visitors in Norway
type: J
volume: 18
issue: 4
beginPage: 419
endPage: 438
doi: 10.1080/15022250.2018.1522721
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000446598500007
year: 2018
authors: Demiroglu, OC, Dannevig, H, Aall, C
docAbstract:
The mutual interaction of climate change and the highly weather-dependent ski tourism business is drawing increasing attention from the academic, commercial and political arenas. Changes in the cryosphere are becoming major determinants of the sustainability of ski areas. Therefore, there is a great deal of literature entailing impact and adaptation studies regarding ski areas, resorts, and destinations; however, research on the demand side of the issue is relatively limited. In this paper, the relationship between climate change and a niche segment of ski tourism, summer skiing, is discussed with regard to the awareness, perceptions, and mitigation and substitution behaviours of visitors to the summer downhill ski centres in Norway - an underresearched country, despite its recognition as the cradle of skiing. For this purpose, a comprehensive survey was administered to a sample of 224 subjects. The results revealed high climate change awareness but limited climate friendliness, and a strong emphasis on the immediate climate impacts on summer skiing that create a tendency towards ski activity substitution within Norway. Individual profiles also played a significant role in the anticipated mitigation and substitution behaviours. The implications of the results involving demand attitude and behaviour are further discussed with regard to the suppliers.


title: Conclusions: managing tourism sustainability in mountain destinations
type: J
volume: 10
issue: 2
beginPage: 267
endPage: 273
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-01-2018-0003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432187200014
year: 2018
authors: Dornier, R, Mauri, C
docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to offer some key summary points drawn from the collection of articles gathered in this theme issue as to how Alpine destinations can manage tourism sustainability. Design/methodology/approach - The paper summarizes the contribution made by different articles published in this issue and discusses their connection to the strategic issue of tourism sustainability. Findings - The paper presents four key points that contribute to the debate on tourism sustainability: the sharing economy geared for winter mountain destinations; marketing perspectives on sustainability in winter mountain destinations; sustainability and transportation; and the institutional, legal and socio-economic aspects of sustainability. Originality/value - Drawing on indicators of tourists' behavior and from the findings of the articles published in this issue, this concluding study identifies the challenges that winter mountain destinations will have to address in the future. The originality and value of this issue lies in the multidisciplinary approach that was adopted - most research on sustainability tends to focus on a single academic stream. Moreover, the focus is on mountain areas with a cross-border perspective, whereas most research on sustainability is designed for a single country, and wider applicability is bounded by constraints.


title: Continuous improvement methodologies and practices in hospitality and tourism
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 1
beginPage: 581
endPage: 600
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-03-2017-0141
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000424495000027
year: 2018
authors: Farrington, T, Antony, J, O'Gorman, KD
docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to present a systematic literature review (SLR) of continuous improvement (CI) research in the hospitality and tourism management (HTM) literature. The paper also notes trends, parallels, inconsistencies and opportunities towards a clearer understanding of current scholarship. Design/methodology/approach - This SLR finds a dearth of research in the field. After parameter expansion and exclusions, 35 papers across 11 journals are reviewed. Findings - Studies of CI methodologies and practices are published infrequently, tending to focus on total quality management in European contexts. Despite the guiding customer-centric principles of CI methodologies, studies focus on improving internal processes rather than the service encounter. Research limitations/implications - The review is guided by sections of the ABS 2015 list, which excludes some journals. Books, conference papers and trade magazine articles are not reviewed. Practical implications - This paper identifies clear needs for CI research with a specific hospitality management focus, the development of CI toolkits and curricula for hospitality managers. The development and deployment of CI methodologies and practices in HTM literature and industry should lead to long-term service improvements. Originality/value - This study asserts the need for further context-specific, practice-led research into the refinement and long-term utility of CI methodologies and practices, towards demonstration of significant bottom-line industry impact. The paper also offers a clear SLR methodology and a definition for CI in hospitality.


title: Sustainable tourism: Sustaining tourism or something more?
type: J
volume: 25
beginPage: 157
endPage: 160
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.017
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000428982600021
year: 2018
authors: Higgins-Desbiolles, F
docAbstract:
Tourism today has a problem. It is addicted to growth, which is incompatible with sustainability goals. Despite three decades discussing pathways to sustainable tourism, tourism authorities continue to promote tourism growth despite the ecological and social limits of living on a finite planet. This article argues that tourism must be understood and managed with a wider context of sustainability. Additionally, strategic approaches to transitioning to a sufficiency approach to tourism and leisure is essential if sustainability is to be secured. Recommendations include: transforming the United Nations World Tourism Organization into an Office for Sustainable Mobilities, creating a global Tourism Wealth Fund, fostering diverse approaches to tourism strategies for development and regulating and managing tourism for a better balanced accounting for fairness, ecological limits, human benefit and sustainable futures. The growth fetish is resulting in tourism killing tourism. An approach focused on sustaining tourism is not a sustainable form of tourism send proof to Editor as well as author.


title: A study of the effects of co-branding between low-carbon islands and recreational activities
type: J
volume: 21
issue: 5
beginPage: 529
endPage: 546
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2015.1093466
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423747800004
year: 2018
authors: Hsiao, TY
docAbstract:
The development of sustainable tourism on islands is increasingly based on the concept of low carbon practices. From a co-branding perspective, this study discusses how to combine recreational activities to create a differentiated tourism landscape, and thus positively influence post-visit tourist reactions when the focal islands emphasize their low-carbon practices. This study used a questionnaire survey to study Taiwan's Penghu and Republic of Palau, two islands that have adopted low-carbon policies, and a total of 341 and 298 valid samples were collected, respectively. The findings are the following. (1) Regardless of the island, tourists recognized the low-carbon strategies of both islands, with those of Palau receiving greater attention. (2) The tourists were most familiar with motorized water activities, and the degree of participation in such activities was the highest. However, there were significant differences in degrees of familiarity with and participation in other recreational activities. (3) On both Penghu and Palau, islands and motorized water activities represent the optimal match, and the optimal match percentage of Penghu for all types of recreational activity is 67%. (4) Compared with tourists on Palau, those on Penghu are more willing to recommend a visit to others or revisit the island.


title: Tourism governance and policy: Whither justice?
type: J
volume: 25
beginPage: 205
endPage: 208
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.009
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000428982600033
year: 2018
authors: Jamal, T, Camargo, BA
docAbstract:
This Critical Opinion discusses some themes and issues related to governance and policy in tourism. Shifts in modes of governance are described, along with some key concerns related to mobilities and hyper-neoliberism. The paper raises the question of what constitutes good governance in the context of good tourism (e.g., sustainable tourism, responsible tourism, pro-poor tourism). Drawing on case research as well as theoretical influences, it forwards for future consideration justice as a key principle for good governance and policy in tourism. The importance of cultural values, and of addressing the historical context are noted. The Critical Opinion also calls on researchers to engage with diverse theoretical perspectives and research methodologies that can help facilitate "just governance" to tourism.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1204
endPage: 1221
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1374962
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800010
year: 2018
authors: Kallmuenzer, A, Nikolakis, W, Peters, M, Zanon, J
title:
Trade-offs between dimensions of sustainability: exploratory evidence from family firms in rural tourism regions

docAbstract:
Family firms often pursue social and environmental sustainability, or corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts that go beyond regulations. This is particularly true in nature-based industries. This study draws on socio-emotional wealth (SEW) and tourism literatures, as well as random utility theory, to disentangle the drivers of sustainability in rural tourism family firms (RTFFs). Informed by interviews, this study applied a novel choice-method survey, that brings understanding to the CSR payoffs and trade-offs between ecological, social and economic attributes in RTFFs. The results from 152 family firms in Western Austria show that after satisfying financial requirements, RTFFs are predominantly motivated by ecological and social considerations. The findings indicate that RTFFs obtain greater utility from positive ecological and social outcomes than additional financial profits, which the authors hypothesise is because of family-related SEW dynamics that enhances CSR. The findings from this study offer theoretical and practical insight into the motivations for proactive sustainability strategies among RTFFs.


type: J
volume: 30
issue: 3
beginPage: 1584
endPage: 1600
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-03-2016-0166
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000431030300019
year: 2018
authors: Kim, H, Woo, E, Uysal, M, Kwon, N
title:
The effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee well-being in the hospitality industry

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine hotel industry employees' perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the influence of these perceptions on their quality of working life (QWL), job satisfaction and overall quality of life. By applying need satisfaction theory and bottom-up spillover theory, the study hypothesizes that employees' overall quality of life is affected by QWL and job satisfaction. CSR serves as an antecedent to the hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach - The target population for this study consisted of hotel industry employees working for companies in which CSR practices are conducted. The data collection method involved distributing a survey questionnaire. Using a sample drawn from employees in upscale hotels in South Korea, 442 usable responses were analyzed using a SEM approach. Findings - The results revealed that philanthropic and economic CSR positively affected QWL, while legal and ethical CSR did not affect QWL. The study also confirms the need satisfaction theory, which suggests that employees' QWLand job satisfaction affect their overall quality of life. Originality/value - Despite the importance of CSR perception, most of the previous studies in this area have examined company and customer perspectives, while only limited research has examined employees' CSR perceptions. The results of this research enrich knowledge of the outcome of CSR from the employee perspective. Information about employees' perceptions of CSR activities is valuable for hotel management as it is the employees who turn CSR statements to actions.


title: Valletta ECoC 2018 and cultural tourism development
type: J
volume: 16
issue: 3
beginPage: 286
endPage: 308
doi: 10.1080/14766825.2017.1293674
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000432209900005
year: 2018
authors: Markwick, M
docAbstract:
Valletta, European Capital of Culture 2018 offers the prospect of cultural tourism development and attracting more visitors. However, tensions and opportunity costs potentially arise in planning such change. Strategies could be to intensify or diversify Valletta's cultural tourism during the run-up to 2018; however, their appropriateness could differ in terms of competitive advantage, social inclusivity and sustainability. This paper focuses on the rationales for different approaches to tourism product development, adopting a broad relational perspective on product assembly that directs attention to the relationships, processes and contexts involved. Analysis suggests that innovative, experimental combinations of selected forms of intensification and diversification are needed to avoid locally insensitive cultural change and unsustainable tourism development.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 2
beginPage: 277
endPage: 291
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1347176
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000423683300007
year: 2018
authors: Mendoza-Ramos, A, Prideaux, B
title:
Assessing ecotourism in an Indigenous community: using, testing and proving the wheel of empowerment framework as a measurement tool

docAbstract:
Many of the issues confronting Indigenous peoples result from disempowered communities. Conversely, where communities are empowered, usually as a consequence of landownership, they are able to actively participate in, and benefit from, economic activities such as tourism. In this study, a framework titled the wheel of empowerment framework is used to demonstrate how the level of empowerment/disempowerment in five dimensions can be measured. The dimensions tested are economic, psychological, social, political and environmental. Indicators to measure the level of empowerment for each dimension were developed in a three-stage research process commencing with semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, followed by focus groups with community members from Coba, a Mayan village located near Cancun in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. Appropriate indicators were identified and used to assess community levels of empowerment. Results show that the ability of communities to develop sustainable ecotourism businesses requires support from external stakeholders including governments and the private sector as well as internal stakeholders including the local community and importantly from community leaders. The results also show that empowered communities are able to derive considerable social and economic benefits from ecotourism business ventures and make a positive contribution to the ongoing maintenance of sustainability of their local environment.


title: Are sport tourists of an environmental mindset to drive the green? The case of golfers
type: J
volume: 25
beginPage: 71
endPage: 79
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.007
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000428982600008
year: 2018
authors: Minoli, DM, Goode, MMH, Metcalfe, AW
docAbstract:
This study makes several unique contributions to the fields of environmental psychology, sport tourism and environmental management programmes. Firstly, it evaluates golfers' environmental worldviews using the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) attitudinal-measurement scale. Data were drawn from a meta-analysis and survey (n > 275) in Wales, UK. Secondly, the five-step Transtheoretical model of change is applied to the average NEP score to develop a tipping point. Thirdly, the study transforms average NEP scores into a percentage and links them to a behavioural willingness to change value (70%). Interestingly, the study yielded a golfers' NEP score of 58% that did not vary with demographics. The methodology is also applied to 32 similar studies to generate NEP percentages and compare them against the NEP percentage score of willingness to change. Finally, the golfers' NEP percentage value is visually presented on a behaviour change thermostat as a simple means to engage stakeholders' discussion on this topic.


title: All aboard! Strategies for engaging guests in corporate responsibility programmes
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 7
beginPage: 1257
endPage: 1272
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1428333
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443900800013
year: 2018
authors: Moscardo, G, Hughes, K
docAbstract:
Many tourism corporate responsibility (CR) programmes require the support of guests, yet little attention has been paid to the design of strategies to encourage guests' adoption of responsible behaviours. Research in the areas of tourist interpretation, social marketing and sustainability marketing has examined aspects of this issue across a range of situations. This paper uses a systematic critical literature review of these areas to identify 10 major themes that have been addresses in the research. The evidence presented in these 10 themes was then used generate guidelines for the effective engagement of guests with CR programmes. Strategies based on the 10 guidelines are embedded into a holiday scenario to illustrate their application. The importance of extending CR strategies beyond the immediate confines and concerns of individual tourism businesses is also discussed.


title: TEFL tourism: the tourist who teaches
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 1
beginPage: 127
endPage: 143
doi: 10.1080/14616688.2017.1298151
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000427764600008
year: 2018
authors: Stainton, H
docAbstract:
There is evident lineage between the concepts of teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) and tourism, represented through evocative marketing material, the commoditisation of the TEFL product, teacher motivations and experiences. Yet, to date there has been little attention paid to this relationship. The amalgamation of the two concepts brings rise to the introduction of the niche form of tourism 'TEFL tourism', where the tourist travels outside of their usual environment to teach English as a foreign language and whose role shifts between tourist, educator and educatee at various points in their trip. The TEFL tourism phenomenon is explored through the use of a two-phase research approach employing the qualitative examination of blogs written by TEFL teachers and quantitative surveys. Drawing parallels with associated tourism forms including volunteer, education and philanthropic, it is concluded that TEFL tourism is an entity in its own right, with unique characteristics and motivations presented by TEFL tourists. The use of logistic regression facilitated the analysis of TEFL teacher types, presenting a typology classifying tourists as leisure-minded, philanthropy-minded, career-minded and expatriate-minded. This case-study examination facilitates initial comprehension of the TEFL tourism industry, providing basis for subsequent research to be undertaken to enable enhanced sustainable management of the TEFL industry worldwide.


title: The commodification of English language teaching in tourism: A sustainable solution?
type: J
volume: 25
beginPage: 123
endPage: 130
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.021
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000428982600013
year: 2018
authors: Stainton, H
docAbstract:
In a world of surging globalisation and increased pressure on countries to develop their English language learning provision, TEFL tourism is utilised as a medium for meeting demands across the world. In contrast to the ideological foundations of TEFL however, increased commercialisation has seen rise to a profit-orienteered form of alternative tourism. Deriving from a triangulated methodology consisting of a qualitative review of agency websites, blog analysis and quantitative survey data, it is concluded that the TEFL package facilitates the consumption of a post-modern tourist experience, where the TEFL experience is packaged and sold as a commodified product. Drawing upon lessons learnt by industries of a similar nature, notably volunteer tourism, this paper raises a number of sustainability concerns.


type: J
volume: 52
issue: 8
beginPage: 910
endPage: 923
doi: 10.1177/1012690216631541
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000415821500002
year: 2017
authors: Millington, B, Wilson, B
title:
Contested terrain and terrain that contests: Donald Trump, golf's environmental politics, and a challenge to anthropocentrism in Physical Cultural Studies

docAbstract:
This article focuses on the case of Trump International Golf Links, Scotland (TIGLS), a golf course in Aberdeenshire that opened in 2012 after a lengthy and contentious application and development phase. Herein, we draw from a larger study of golf and the environment with the aim of assessing both the TIGLS case in itself and its implications for the study of sport/physical culture in general. The TIGLS case on the one hand provides an empirical example of the concept of environmental managerialism' - which is to say it exemplifies how governments, even with an ostensible commitment to sustainability in place, can still give approval to environmentally impactful development projects. It also provides an empirical example of a new social movement at work. Once the TIGLS development earned government approval, it was met by opposition during the construction phase by a group called Tripping Up Trump'. On the other hand, we use the TIGLS case as a platform for a broader research commentary, one focused especially on the recently emergent Physical Cultural Studies (PCS) literature. Our contention at this time is that PCS as thus far conceived is anthropocentric in its scope; the important and necessary role that non-humans play in physical cultural contexts has largely been overlooked. We call for further consideration of how new materialist' perspectives can inform research on sport and other dimensions of physical culture.


title: Coastal resorts setting the pace: An evaluation of sustainable hotel practices
type: J
volume: 33
beginPage: 11
endPage: 22
doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.07.001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416623800002
year: 2017
authors: Patiar, A, Reid, S, Johnston, N
docAbstract:
The property development and hotel management industries are becoming active in adopting and operationalising sustainability practices. Despite this, empirical data that comprehensively describes and organises these practices are lacking from the literature (Weaver et al., 2013). This paper aims to address this by examining the sustainable hotel practices of Asia-Pacific hotels utilising green building certification programs as a lens to inductively content analyse self-reported award submissions. A total of 64 award submissions over a two year period were content analysed and over 594 sustainability practices were identified. The results were geographically differentiated between urban (n = 38), coastal (n = 19) and other (n = 7) locations. Urban located hotels reported the most number of sustainable practices (290), followed by coastal (247) and other hotels (57). However, coastal hotels averaged about twice as many sustainable practices per application (13.0) when compared against other (8.1) and urban hotels (7.6). Importantly, this research demonstrates that the role of sustainability practice adoption is an important consideration for coastal hotels and resorts. The paper concludes there is a need for greater integration between a scorecard approach to certification in building and hotel design and the self-reporting mechanisms of hotel award applications. (C) 2017 The Authors.


type: J
volume: 24
beginPage: 72
endPage: 85
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.07.020
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000417279300009
year: 2017
authors: Chirieleison, C, Scrucca, L
title:
Event sustainability and transportation policy: A model-based cluster analysis for a cross-comparison of hallmark events

docAbstract:
Transportation is one of the main topics in the wide-ranging theme of event sustainability. The aimof this article is to make a contribution towards the evaluation of the sustainable transportation policies implemented by the organizers of hallmark events, to establish an accurate and objective methodology for a cross-comparison. The organizers, policy makers and the host community are the main stakeholders interested in an evaluation of the degree of sustainability implicit in the mobility policy of an event. A non-hierarchical model-based clustering is performed, using a sample of periodical Italian hallmark events, and then examined to determine whether there is a difference in the distribution of a selection of auxiliary variables among the clusters. The results show that neither visitor number, nor the number of inhabitants in the host city, is associated with the cluster membership. However, the theme of the event appears to be associated with the estimated partition. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Hotel general managers' perceptions of CSR culture: A research note
type: J
volume: 17
issue: 4
beginPage: 434
endPage: 449
doi: 10.1177/1467358415619669
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000411882100008
year: 2017
authors: Holcomb, JL, Smith, S
docAbstract:
The lodging industry has recently placed a greater emphasis on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in an effort to present itself as a responsible global citizen. The objective of the study was to identify hotel general managers' (GM) perceptions of their corporate-level Corporate Social Responsibility culture. The data were collected via an online survey of Florida hotel general managers using a CSR scale developed by Turker in the year 2009 and a Social Attitude Scale. A total of 123 surveys were returned and deemed usable, equating to a 22% response rate. The overall results indicated that GMs had a positive perception of their corporation's CSR culture. In addition, the results of the study indicated that there was a positive correlation between the GMs' personal attitudes toward CSR and their perception of their corporation's CSR culture. Also, GMs of smaller hotels tended to have a more positive perception of their corporation's CSR culture, although there was no difference based upon ownership structure. This study contributes to the general CSR research body of knowledge and is unique in terms of providing a number of benchmarks for the hospitality industry.


title: Service-oriented, sustainable, local food value chain - A case study
type: J
volume: 65
beginPage: 83
endPage: 96
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2017.05.008
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000404324200008
year: 2017
authors: Joppe, M, Thomas-Francois, K, von Massow, M
docAbstract:
Many developing countries depend on tourism as their main engine for economic development, but sustainability is often a concern. In the absence of inter-sectorial linkages between tourism and other industrial sectors, opportunities for trickledown benefits to host communities are stymied. For decades, researchers have been contending with issues related to strengthening agriculture and tourism linkages as a strategy to maximize economic linkages. This service-oriented approach to the local food supply chain is posited as a new model in which agriculture and hotel linkages can be advanced. We collected data about local food hotel supply through interviews with key stakeholders. The findings from our exemplary case study confirm that strengthening inter-sectorial linkages have benefits for stakeholders. This case study suggests that there are opportunities for tourism policies that foster local food linkages with high-end accommodation properties as a strategy to spread the economic spin off from tourism and also to encourage youth involvement in sustainable tourism development. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Replicating and Extending Our Understanding of How Managers Can Adjust the "Warm Glow Thermostat"
type: J
volume: 58
issue: 2
beginPage: 122
endPage: 133
doi: 10.1177/1938965516686117
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000400129600001
year: 2017
authors: Giebelhausen, M, Chun, HH
docAbstract:
This article presents four studies that replicate and extend a recent article examining how guest participation in voluntary green programs (e.g., towel reuse) increases service satisfaction by evoking a warm glow response. Importantly for managers, we not only replicate across new hospitality and service contexts but also conceptualize alternative incentive paradigms, and test alternative mediators. In particular, we reconceptualize the self-benefiting versus other-benefiting incentive structure presented by Giebelhausen, Chun, Cronin, and Hult to consider virtue, vice, and cash incentives (i.e., three different types of self-benefiting incentives). The results provide managers with a better understanding of how they should promote and reward sustainable guest behavior. In addition to managerial implications, the present research also contributes to the academic literature on a growing phenomenon that has important implications for both business and society at large.


type: J
volume: 58
issue: 2
beginPage: 203
endPage: 213
doi: 10.1177/1938965516686111
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000400129600006
year: 2017
authors: Mattila, AS, Wu, L, Gao, YX
title:
The Impact of Fellow Consumers' Presence, Appeal Type, and Action Observability on Consumers' Donation Behaviors

docAbstract:
Many hospitality consumption experiences are shared with fellow consumers such as acquaintances, friends, or family members. Yet research examining the impact of fellow consumers' presence on consumers' donation behaviors is scant. To bridge that gap, the current research examines how the presence of fellow consumers influences consumers' donation behaviors in a restaurant setting. Results from our experiment reveal that the impact of fellow consumers' presence depends on two factors: observability of the donation and donation appeal type. Specifically, we found that when the act of donating is unobservable by others and the donation appeal highlights self-benefits, the presence of fellow consumers drives individuals to exhibit more favorable attitude and higher levels of donation intention. Conversely, when the act of donation is observable by others and the donation appeal portrays other benefits, the presence of fellow consumers makes individuals to exhibit less favorable attitude and lower levels of donation intention. Furthermore, our mediation analyses show that anticipated emotional benefits is the underlying psychological mechanism explaining the effects. We discuss the theoretical contributions and managerial implications of our findings as well as limitations and opportunities for future research.


title: Sponsors' CSR strategies in sport: A sensemaking approach of corporations established in France
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 2
beginPage: 211
endPage: 225
doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2016.07.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000397689900006
year: 2017
authors: Djaballah, M, Hautbois, C, Desbordes, M
docAbstract:
This paper explores the perceptions and strategies of corporate sponsors established in France and involved in sport-related corporate social responsibility (S-CSR). Based on the theoretical framework of strategic sensemaking, interviews were conducted with sponsorship managers from 23 corporations involved in S-CSR partnerships with various sports properties. Each phase of the strategic sensemaking process was analyzed, resulting in the identification of three levels of ambiguity in the interpretative process: namely, perceived links between sports properties and CSR, links between S-CSR and sponsors' own CSR, and links between S-CSR actions and the main sponsorship objectives. We described and gave evidence for seven strategies, highlighting the diversity of S-CSR rationales among sponsors. Other factors were found to influence the sensemaking process, namely sponsorship managers' knowledge of their company's own CSR, collaboration between sponsorship and CSR departments, and the role of sports properties as sensegivers in S-CSR actions. Finally, we summarize our results in a process model of S CSR strategic sensemaking in order to provide both sponsors and sports properties with a better understanding of the multiple possibilities for CSR leverage. (C) 2016 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 22
beginPage: 67
endPage: 72
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.02.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000405819200009
year: 2017
authors: Romolini, A, Fissi, S, Gori, E
title:
Integrating territory regeneration, culture and sustainable tourism. The Italian albergo diffuso model of hospitality

docAbstract:
The albergo diffuso (AD) model of hospitality was launched in Italy in the 1980s and has spread since then to include other countries. Until now, the literature has mostly dealt with case studies, through which it has defined the characteristics of the model and examined the conditions for its creation, the services offered and aspects of sustainability. Our exploratory study, conducted by means of a survey, offers an overall analysis of the phenomenon, with particular focus on how ADs are organised andmanaged. The results show that an AD is, to all effects, a company based on private initiative -and one that requires considerable investment for structural renovation. Our analysis also confirms the centrality of sustainability and of stakeholder relations, although some areas for improvement were found here. Lastly, Italian ADs are small and medium-sized structures that pay careful attention to marketing policy and communications, with particular use of digital technology. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 1
beginPage: 106
endPage: 129
doi: 10.18666/JASM-2017-V9-I1-7690
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438873500005
year: 2017
authors: Casper, JM, Pfahl, ME, McCullough, BP
title:
Is Going Green Worth It? Assessing Fan Engagement and Perceptions of Athletic Department Environmental Efforts

docAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which environmentally themed activities within an intercollegiate sport context impact fan engagement. A total of 557 fans responded to an online survey measuring fan connection to the athletic department, environmental values, expectations for environmental activities, event and at home environmental behaviors, perceptions of profile enhancement, and recall of environmental sponsors and major initiatives. Results found that fans expected athletic department environmental action and they help with favorable perceptions about the athletic program and university and influenced at event and home behaviors. Cluster analysis identified two clusters based on high pro-environmental and low pro-environmental perceptions. The high pro-environmental cluster was skewed female, had lower connection to the athletic program, and had higher recall of official environmental sponsors and athletic initiatives. The results provide a fundamental and foundational understanding of how environmental activities impact fan engagement and the value of such efforts.


type: J
volume: 22
issue: 2
beginPage: 147
endPage: 159
doi: 10.1080/10941665.2016.1208668
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000393888200003
year: 2017
authors: Nair, V, Fong, SF, Lo, MC, Songan, P
title:
Self-efficacy and sustainable rural tourism development: local communities' perspectives from Kuching, Sarawak

docAbstract:
The future of the tourism industry is dependent on local communities' ability to develop and sustain tourism developments, especially in sensitive rural areas. But there is limited research on this topic to guide tourism authorities and governments. In particular, few studies have studied sustainable rural tourism development from the perspective of the local communities. Therefore, this study examines local communities' views on their capability to achieve sustainable rural tourism development in selected rural areas in Kuching, Sarawak. Questionnaires were distributed to the local communities residing at three rural tourism destinations in Kuching, Sarawak. Interestingly, the results indicated that local communities' self-efficacy has a positive relationship with social, cultural, economic, and environmental sustainability. Hence, this study offers theoretical and practical contributions to sustainable rural tourism development literature and the tourism industry.


title: The community impact of football pitches: a case study of Maidstone United FC
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 2
beginPage: 244
endPage: 257
doi: 10.1080/17430437.2016.1173921
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000390700000007
year: 2017
authors: May, A, Parnell, D
docAbstract:
The use of third-generation artificial grass pitches (AGPs) is growing in English semi-professional football. As usage grows, research into the impact of AGPs is needed, in order to examine the potential impact of such surfaces for a football club and local community. This article analyses the experiences of National League South club Maidstone United through a detailed case study. The club have installed an AGP at their stadium and are able to utilize it for up to 80 hours a week. All the club's 45 teams are able to train and play on the AGP, and other local sport clubs have hired it, arguably increasing Public Health opportunities. This means that youth teams, first team club players and community participants alike have access to a high-quality playing surface. This has raised the club's profile in the local community and increased income generation, supporting the financial sustainability of the club.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 1
beginPage: 31
endPage: 43
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-11-2016-0061
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399085400004
year: 2017
authors: Font, X, Adams, SA, Stanford, D
title:
All aboard the corporate socially and environmentally responsible cruise ship A conjoint analysis of consumer choices

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of the study was to examine the relative importance of corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSER) in comparison to standard, price, duration, destination, brand and disruption using choice- based conjoint analysis (CBC). Design/methodology/approach - CBC was used as the data collection survey technique, and counts analysis for preference and hierarchical Bayes estimation (HB) for importance levels data analysis methods, from Sawtooth Software Inc. Findings - Results show that 2: 1 Royal Caribbean Cruise Line cruise consumers prefer companies with CSER policies and practices. However, their actual product choice selection of cruise package attributes revealed that consumers overall placed less importance on CSER when choosing cruises. Experienced consumers were more brand image- conscious than those new to cruising, and consumers who were less price- sensitive were most willing to choose companies with CSER policies and practices. Research limitations/implications - The information provided is specifically on "what"cruise consumer preferences and importance attributes are but does not explicitly explain "why"the respondents made the choices they did. This was at the time a limitation of the software used to conduct the study. Practical implications - The Conjoint Analysis CBC Sawtooth Software pre- 2014 version choice simulators do not facilitate questions that provide answers as to "why"respondents make the choices they do in the market simulations. Social implications - The knowledge contribution is of value to both academia and industry, as the quantitative statistical data on the cruise consumers' choice preferences are of value in understanding and identifying solutions/approaches towards "opening the bottleneck"that exists between private sector sustainable development practices and consumer lifestyle changes. Originality/value - This was the first time that CBC/HB was applied within academia to examine the cruise consumers' choice preferences in a UK context and also the first time that CSER was applied as a direct variable in a cruise package to determine the preference and important values of a brand in a consumer behaviour decision- making context.


title: Events and placemaking: the case of the Festival Internacional Cervantino in Guanajuato, Mexico
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 1
beginPage: 24
endPage: 38
doi: 10.1108/IJEFM-05-2016-0041
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000396453400003
year: 2017
authors: Barrera-Fernandez, D, Hernandez-Escampa, M
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to focus on the Festival Internacional Cervantino, which represents one of the major cultural events in Latin America. Based on theoretical propositions regarding tourism as an experience, perception of visitors was studied focussing on emotional factors. Urban perception was also addressed, especially where public service failure affected the experience and therefore, the placemaking. Design/methodology/approach - A mixed methodology was applied. First, the event experience scale (EES) methodology for visitors' perception was performed in order to collect data directly from tourists. The relationship between the festival and the visit to heritage resources and attractions was especially highlighted and analysed. Urban field work focussed on expressing the location of the most visited areas during festival days. Public services were also assessed where perception was affected negatively. Interviews were applied to public administration officials and public policy-related documents were collected in order to understand the expectation of visitors, previous to the experience itself. Local perception was also contrasted with the rest of the data. Findings - Attracted by information about the historic and colonial nature of the city, tourists gather massively in Guanajuato during the festival. This event in particular yields in some aspects to a transient placemaking, mainly related to inner perception and the event as such is highly appreciated. It was also found that the foreign figure of Cervantes was incorporated into the intangible heritage discourse of the city and linked to the event itself. However, some urban spaces and services need improvement to consolidate a positive experience of visitors who complain about specific factors such as traffic, accessibility, waste disposal and environmental noise. Social implications - The fact that the event has caused some problems in a number of urban aspects suggests that new policies might be proposed in order to fill these gaps, especially by the corresponding government agencies. Another issue relates to the concentration of the economic profits and its lack of distribution, which right now does not contribute to social sustainability, yet the event demands high actions and costs to the city and local people. Originality/value - The research has been useful to give another point of view to existing surveys and conclusions of the impact of the festival. The application of EES has yielded some improvements that could be made in further applications of the same methodology. Application of EES to assess the impact of events in urban spaces and services can be applied to many other cities that host festivals in their city centres.


type: J
volume: 25
issue: 9
beginPage: 1201
endPage: 1204
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1333263
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000404854200001
year: 2017
authors: Higgins-Desbiolles, F, Boluk, K, Cavaliere, CT
title:
Critical thinking to realize sustainability in tourism systems: reflecting on the 2030 sustainable development goals: Guest Editors


type: J
volume: 25
issue: 9
beginPage: 1257
endPage: 1274
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1259319
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000404854200005
year: 2017
authors: Aall, C, Brendehaug, E, Dodds, R
title:
Environmental policy integration as a strategy for sustainable tourism planning: issues in implementation

docAbstract:
Both in a national and global context, it is challenging to identify key conditions for the integration of sustainable tourism in public policy. By studying a number of recent planning processes pertaining to tourism development, this article aims to contribute recent insight into how sustainability may be integrated into tourism planning. The study was motivated by a publicized shift in the Norwegian government policy strategy on sustainable tourism, from a sector approach to an integration approach. Through case analysis, the concept of environmental policy integration is applied. Findings show that sustainable tourism is partially integrated in all cases and three key issues are outlined. First, although Norway is characterized by a high degree of sector organization, it has a weak structure for overall tourism policy integration. Second, the integration of sustainable tourism has been stimulated by national horizontal integration, bottom-up integration prepared by institutional changes, public participation, and by active use of the municipal system of planning. Third, this study could not find any evidence for the announced shift from a sector approach to an integrated approach to sustainable tourism.


type: J
volume: 22
issue: 1
beginPage: 93
endPage: 98
doi: 10.3727/108354217X14828625279852
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000398958900008
year: 2017
authors: Chang, SR, Mahadevan, R
title:
DIFFERENT HEARTH, DIFFERENT WORTH: SUSTAINING AN EMERGING FESTIVAL IN THE NEW CULTURAL CITY OF SINGAPORE

docAbstract:
This study examines some challenges and draws lessons for a new cultural city promoting an emerging festival. This was done by considering the valuation of the festival and its determinants by foreign tourists, domestic tourists, and potential attenders (a group often ignored in the literature). For a young festival, it was encouraging to find that the festival's social value to tourists, local attenders, and potential attenders exceeded the entry fee. Overall, the Biennale was more popular with younger people, and local attenders appreciated the educational dimension of the event. This augurs well for the future of this festival. However, for the festival's sustainability, it is important to strike a balance between catering to preferences of international and local attenders as well as avoid trying to achieve multiple objectives that may lead to a dilution in the focus and identity of the new festival.


title: Visualizing intellectual capital using service-dominant logic What are hotel companies reporting?
type: J
volume: 29
issue: 6
beginPage: 1745
endPage: 1768
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-12-2015-0733
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000406973300012
year: 2017
authors: Davey, J, Alsemgeest, R, O'Reilly-Schwass, S, Davey, H, FitzPatrick, M
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate intellectual capital (IC) reporting, from a service-centric approach, in the hotel industry. The strategic enhancement of value-creation and sustainable competitive advantage requires both management and measurement. Sound measurement and reporting practices enable management performance to be judged; one such practice is IC disclosure. Service-dominant (S-D) logic emphasizes that intangible operant resources, the foundation of IC, are at the core of competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach - Adisclosure instrument based on S-D logic and designed specifically for the hotel industry was applied to the annual reports and sustainability reports (in English) of 30 Asian hotel companies. Content analysis measured the disclosures of dynamic IC assets typically overlooked by traditional IC disclosure instruments. Findings - The majority of IC communication concerns lower-order basic operant resources. Although more than one-third of the companies' disclosures of IC assets relate to collaborative processes and practices that support networked value-creation, most disclosures demonstrate a prevailing firm-centric orientation. IC items regarding reciprocated relationship and informational management were minimally reported. Research limitations/implications - A single research approach was used. Future research could use other communication channels to triangulate. Practical implications - The results highlight opportunities for hotel companies to better report their IC assets as part of their value-creating strategies. Originality/value - This research is one of the first to operationalize S-D logic concerning IC. It provides a promising framework for understanding IC reporting in the hotel industry.


title: Holiday travel, staycations, and subjective well-being
type: J
volume: 25
issue: 4
beginPage: 573
endPage: 588
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1229323
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399560100008
year: 2017
authors: De Bloom, J, Nawijn, J, Geurts, S, Kinnunen, U, Korpela, K
docAbstract:
The tourism industry thrives on the notion that holiday travel improves well-being. However, scientific evidence that holiday travel is more beneficial than spending free time at home is lacking. Using the Effort-Recovery and the Limited Resources model as theoretical basis, this study investigates whether workers behave, think, and feel differently during travel than during leisure time spent at home. In a five-week longitudinal field study, we followed 24 workers during free evenings after work, a free weekend at home, and on a free weekend of domestic travel. Within-person differences were investigated between these three occasions in behavior, cognition, and emotions. During travel, employees slept more, engaged more in physical and social activities and less in obligatory activities than during free evenings after work. Hedonic well-being was higher and ruminative thinking lower during travel than during free evenings after work. Physical distance from home and work was related to engagement in resource-providing rather than resource-consuming activities and seems to translate into mental distance from everyday worries. Differences between holiday travel and weekends at home were small. Still, the findings suggest that travel may provide feelings of remoteness in places with novel and fascinating qualities, free of chores.


title: Increasing sustainable tourism through social entrepreneurship
type: J
volume: 29
issue: 7
beginPage: 1977
endPage: 2002
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-02-2016-0096
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000406974300011
year: 2017
authors: Dodds, R, de Lange, D
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between social entrepreneurship and sustainable tourism and to examine the Canadian context in this regard. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology entails a case study approach that includes a thorough review of the related literature and of any existing Canadian sources of hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship/intrapreneurship projects to determine the state of the Canadian industry with respect to sustainability. Findings - Findings show that there are limited showcased hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship projects in Canada. Two main assumptions related to the Canadian context can be drawn from this search: (1) There is a lack of hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship projects and/or, (2) hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship projects and/or businesses are not recognized and/or there is a lack of awareness of them. Research limitations/implications - This study assessed the situation in Canada and although it was comprehensive under conditions of limited data availability, it cannot speak to social entrepreneurship in sustainable hospitality and tourism globally, which is a future research opportunity. Practical implications - The design of a national incentive program would encourage industry sustainability through tax breaks. This voluntary system would require that firms provide standardized annual reports with their tax filings so that reliable industry data could be collected for analysis and understanding of the sustainability of the industry. Participating firms would be distinguished on a public list. Originality/value - This research has theorized on the connection of social entrepreneurship to sustainable hospitality and tourism such that social entrepreneurship drives sustainable industry growth. This is also the first study of its kind to explore social entrepreneurship's potential contribution to the sustainability of this industry.


type: J
volume: 22
issue: 2
beginPage: 255
endPage: 260
doi: 10.3727/108354217X14888192562528
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000405967900010
year: 2017
authors: Garay, L, Gomis, JM, Gonzalez, F
title:
MANAGEMENT, ALTRUISM, AND CUSTOMER FOCUS AS DRIVERS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN TOURISM INTERMEDIATION

docAbstract:
Through a sample of 119 travel agencies located in Catalonia (Spain), this study establishes the existence of three different profiles of agencies defined by their managers' corporate social responsibility (CSR) motivations (Management, Altruism, and Customers factors). These profiles present diverse business characteristics and different CSR behavior. In this regard, belonging to the Altruism factor is correlated with the implementation of three types of CSR measures (environmental, social, and economic).


type: J
volume: 34
issue: 6
beginPage: 793
endPage: 805
doi: 10.1080/10548408.2016.1233928
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000403817200008
year: 2017
authors: Ghanem, M, Elgammal, I
title:
Communicating sustainability through a destination's website: a checklist to inform, motivate, and engage stakeholders

docAbstract:
This study investigated sustainability communication through destination websites. In particular, it suggested an online sustainability communication checklist (OSC-Checklist) that informs, motivates, and engages stakeholders to contribute towards the development of environmental, sociocultural, and economic sustainability. The OSC-Checklist was applied to the official websites of the top 50 competitive destinations with the aim of evaluating the extent to which each destination communicates sustainability on its website. The results indicated that the sample destinations lack an appropriate online approach to communicate sustainability. The results also revealed that the less developed and competitive destinations scored higher in terms of communicating sustainability than other more competitive developed destinations. Theoretical and practical implications are also provided.


title: Azores: more than a tourist destination
type: J
volume: 9
issue: 6
beginPage: 653
endPage: 658
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-09-2017-0059
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416570400010
year: 2017
authors: Guerreiro, M
docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to share the Azorean Government perspective and strategy for managing the current and estimated future tourism growth, assuring a sustainable destination approach, based on political commitment to integrate energy, environment and tourism in the same department. This paper also provides guidance and some key points for action pertinent to other destinations. Design/methodology/approach - Content analysis of the development of Azores as a tourist destination and the strategies of the Azorean Regional Government relating to tourismdevelopment. Findings - From an analysis of the Azores tourism statistics of the past three years, it is possible to predict that the levels of growth from supply and demand will continue to improve in a balanced way. The policies to be implemented in accordance with the Azorean government's program for the next four years make clear that the Azores are perfectly positioned in relation to one of the fastest growing tourism segments in the world: adventure tourismand active nature. Practical implications - This paper promotes the attractions of the Azores as an example in terms of sustainable practice policies. Originality/value - Given current developments in world tourism, this paper considers the growth of tourism in the Azores. It also presents statistical data that confirms the sustained growth of the destination and the policies that are being developed to maintain the sustainability of the nine islands of the Azores.


title: Environmental impacts and certification: evidence from the Milan World Expo 2015
type: J
volume: 29
issue: 3
beginPage: 1052
endPage: 1071
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-09-2015-0491
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000401017600012
year: 2017
authors: Guizzardi, A, Mariani, M, Prayag, G
docAbstract:
Purpose - This study aims to examine residents' perceptions of environmental impacts and certification for the Milan World Expo 2015 as well as their overall attitude toward the mega-event. Design/methodology/ approach - Asurvey of Milan residents based on a convenience sample led to 221 useable questionnaires. Findings - Residents perceived that the Expo will have minimal negative and positive environmental impacts. Aminority of residents were aware of the environmental certification of the event. The less agreeable residents were with the perceived negative environmental impacts of the event, the more agreeable they were that a certification of event sustainability should limit the damage to the natural environment. Residents' perceptions of the certification were positively related to their overall attitude toward the event. Research limitations/implications - The findings cannot be generalized to other mega-events but have several managerial implications in relation to the need for information provision to residents and better communication of the certification by event organizers and planners. Originality/value - Despite rising concerns about environmental issues related to hosting mega-events, there is no research on perceptions of a certification of event sustainability by residents.


title: The two market leaders in ocean cruising and corporate sustainability
type: J
volume: 29
issue: 1
beginPage: 288
endPage: 306
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-04-2016-0191
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000396834900012
year: 2017
authors: Jones, P, Hillier, D, Comfort, D
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on the sustainability reports published by the two market leaders in ocean cruising industry. Design/methodology/approach - The paper begins with short reviews of the growing interest in the commitment to corporate sustainability and of the growth and market structure of the ocean cruising industry by way of setting the context for the commentary. This commentary is based on a review of the most recent sustainability reports published by the two leading ocean cruising companies which account for almost 75 per cent of total industry revenues. Findings - The findings of the paper reveal that the two major ocean cruising companies, namely, Carnival Corporation and Royal Caribbean Cruises, published extensive sustainability reports covering a wide range of environmental, social, economic and governance issues. The other leading ocean cruising companies posted limited information on their approach to sustainability on their corporate websites and some posted no information on sustainability. However, the authors suggest that given that the two major cruising companies account for 70 per cent of ocean cruising passengers, the industry compares favourably in its sustainability reporting with other players in the hospitality industry and the service sector. That said, the authors also suggest that approaches to sustainability within the cruising industry, which are based on continuing growth, present testing management challenges for the leading cruising companies. Originality/value - The paper provides an accessible commentary on current approaches to sustainability in the ocean cruising industry, and as such, it will interest professionals working in the cruise industry and more generally in the hospitality industry as well as academics and students interested in hospitality management and sustainability.


type: J
volume: 29
issue: 10
beginPage: 2573
endPage: 2591
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-04-2016-0188
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413025600005
year: 2017
authors: Kim, MS, Pennington-Gray, L
title:
Does franchisor ethical value really lead to improvements in financial and non-financial performance?

docAbstract:
Purpose - Although ethical management would seem to be a core responsibility in today's business climate, empirical research and practical applications in the hospitality industry remain scarce. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the influences of ethical value and corporate philanthropy on the foodservice industry in South Korea. Design/methodology/approach - Frequency, reliability, confirmatory factor, correlation and structural equation modeling analyses were used. Findings - The results indicate that, overall, ethical value directly influences corporate philanthropy and two aspects of organizational commitment (i.e. continuous and affective). Corporate philanthropy, in turn, positively relates to organizational commitment dimensions as well as financial and non-financial performance. Affective and continuous commitments lead to improvements in both financial and non-financial performance. Practical implications - The strategic importance of ethical value and the following philanthropic activities in the foodservices is demonstrated from the findings of this research. Originality/value - The current study is the first to develop and test an empirical model which accounts for the effects of ethical value on both financial and non-financial performances in the franchis-or-franchisee relationship.


type: J
volume: 29
issue: 12
beginPage: 3023
endPage: 3043
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-08-2016-0479
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000424494100003
year: 2017
authors: Ma, S, Gu, HM, Wang, YG, Hampson, DP
title:
Opportunities and challenges of value co-creation The role of customer involvement in hotel service development

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the double-edged sword of customer involvement (perceived relationship quality and coordination cost) in new service development in the hotel industry, and to explore when customers should be involved from the service provider's view. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 252 valid questionnaires were collected from hotel managers, and ordinary least squares regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. Findings - Results not only show that customer involvement causes higher coordination cost but also show no direct positive effect on perceived relationship quality. Furthermore, this study finds that service climate reduces the negative effect of customer involvement and enhances its positive effect. By contrast, customer complexity intensifies the negative effect of customer involvement. Originality/value - This study empirically examines the double-edged sword of customer involvement and tests the boundary conditions associated with hotel back and front office factors (service climate versus customer complexity).


type: J
volume: 16
beginPage: 136
endPage: 153
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000402765300010
year: 2017
authors: Martins, MR, Costa, RA
title:
Backpackers' contribution to development and poverty alleviation: myth or reality? A critical review of the literature and directions for future research

docAbstract:
Due to its great diversity and characteristics, backpackers can increase business opportunities in many destinations that decide to invest on their promotion. Those responsible for destinations planning and management will be able to conduct marketing strategies to segments that are best adapted to local or regional reality, bringing with it, important competitive advantages. It can be promoted not only in regions where the tourism sector is already well established and developed but also in more peripheral regions usually in the margins of the main tourist flows. This paper aims to present and discuss the backpacker tourism contribution to development and poverty alleviation, emphasising some theoretical aspects related to concepts, constructs and methodological options used in articles published in Scopus platform. A systematic review of literature and a qualitative and quantitative analysis were made. In a first stage data compilation and quantitative analysis of scientific articles published in Scopus database since 1960 was carried out. In a second stage, a qualitative analysis was performed. Despite few exceptions, the majority of governments worldwide continue to ignore backpacker tourism. It was confirmed the lack of quantitative studies that demonstrate, objectively, the economic impact of backpackers and it is suggested the need of quantitative data collected and analysed by statistical official agencies. (C) 2017 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


title: Constraints to attracting new hotel workers: A study on industrial recruitment
type: J
volume: 60
beginPage: 114
endPage: 122
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.10.010
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000390512400012
year: 2017
authors: Hanks, L, Line, ND, McGinley, SP
docAbstract:
The global hospitality and tourism industry is not only burdened with high turnover rates but also may soon be in the throes of a labor shortage. As such, a better understanding of industry employment perceptions has become a critical issue for hospitality managers. Of particular concern are the perceptions of those potential employees that do not have prior employment experience in the hospitality industry. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to consider perceptions of hotel employment among the segment of the potential employee population that has no current or past experience working in hotels. Per the tenets of Constraint Theory, perceptions of pay, promotion opportunities, work-to-life conflict, and workplace-induced isolation are proposed to significantly affect potential employees' attitudes toward hotel employment. In turn, these attitudes are proposed to affect both intention to apply for hotel work and the intention to recommend applying for hotel work to others. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Sustainable travel writing? Exploring the ethical dilemmas of twenty-first-century travel writers
type: J
volume: 25
issue: 10
beginPage: 1401
endPage: 1417
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1281930
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000407630900004
year: 2017
authors: McWha, M, Frost, W, Laing, J
docAbstract:
There is a paucity of academic literature on travel writing that examines travel writers and their perceived influence on sustainability. This article addresses this lacuna by exploring how travel writers understand their responsibilities and reflects on ethics in their profession, particularly in how foreign destinations and cultures are portrayed. This is significant because some travel writers have been accused of contributing to what interviewees called the Lonely Planet Syndrome, the notion that writing about a place will introduce and encourage mass tourism, changing the original state of the place for the worse. In this qualitative, phenomenological study, data were collected from 23 in-depth interviews with twenty-first-century travel writers and analysed using an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Findings suggest that while some interviewees expressed anxiety about their perceived accountability to mediate foreign cultures responsibly, others embraced their role as a cultural mediator. They cared about local cultures and wanted to write in responsible ways by supporting more sustainable outcomes, reflected in the themes of cross-cultural understanding, socio-cultural and environmental advocacy and promoting benefits of tourism to communities. Future studies could include exploring the role of travel editors, travel writers' professional knowledge and the growing role of travel blogs.


title: Adaptation, interaction and urgency: a complex evolutionary economic geography approach to leisure
type: J
volume: 19
issue: 4
beginPage: 525
endPage: 547
doi: 10.1080/14616688.2017.1320582
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416590300001
year: 2017
authors: Meekes, JF, Buda, DM, de Roo, G
docAbstract:
Local and regional governments in western European peripheral areas aim to spur leisure-led regional development. We explore planning for leisure by applying an evolutionary economic geography (EEG) approach from a complexity perspective. We identify conditions which enable and constrain leisure development and its effects on the region as a whole. This means combining the local level of individual adaptations with the institutional setting and with the regional scale. We examine the Dutch province of Fryslan and explore by means of case study analysis how current leisure development processes can be explained in a complex evolutionary manner. We explore economic novelty as a result of individual adaptations; how such adaptations through interactions create emerging spatial patterns; how these spatial patterns form self-organizing new types of order; and the way this process is dependent on previous paths whilst also creating new pathways. Our findings show that although development is dependent on individual adaptations often stemming from a few actors, for such adaptations to have an effect on the region requires a connectivity between actors and a sense of urgency amongst those actors. Using a complex EEG approach allows us to explain leisure-led regional development as the product of these conditions. This can help planners deal with the complexity and unpredictability of this process, focusing not on a desired end goal as such, but on creating the conditions in which a more autonomous development can take place.


title: Redesigning tourism in CEE countries: the main areas of change and the communist past
type: J
volume: 3
issue: 3
beginPage: 227
endPage: 242
doi: 10.1108/IJTC-10-2016-0036
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000410667400003
year: 2017
authors: Mihalic, T
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide details of the communist and socialist past to inform the debate on redesigning tourism in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries as impacted by the transition and accelerated by European Union (EU) membership. Design/methodology/approach - The issues from two sides are addressed: academic and practical. Based on a literature review, the authors propose a model of five main research topics that represent the main areas of change and conceptualise the general EU accession research debate on tourism. Content analysis is conducted on each of the revealed main research topics that are presented and discussed from the standpoint of tourism-relevant socialist and communist stature and image. On the other hand, this paper engages with reality as it surveys real-life practices in tourism development and business operation based on the personal experience of the researcher regarding the social situation under consideration. Findings - The findings concerning the revealed main areas of tourism change in CEE countries following EU accession refer to the: change from communism towards a new image (Europeanisation and re-imaging), change from communism to capitalism (transformation and marketisation), change from old communist tourism products to new products (rejuvenation, diversification), change from communist towards sustainability values (sustainability) and change from tourism inside the communist block to international tourism (re-internationalisation) The discussion indicates how each area of change relates to socialist and communist content and its tourism relevance and the potential for tourism development, policy and business. Research limitations/implications - The list of relevant works is not exhaustive as only tourism-focussed quality journals are surveyed in order to define the main areas of change. Practical implications - A very relevant source of information and impartial advice for tourism developers and policymakers in ex-socialist and communist countries is provided regarding tourism development at the strategic and managerial levels. Originality/value - This paper fills an identified information/resource gap concerning the potential and contribution of communist and socialist heritage to tourism development and business, and places this in the context of the changes CEE countries have made in order to stay and/or become tourism destinations. It introduces a new term "tourism redesign" which explains the transition in tourism development, policy and management through different areas of change.


type: J
volume: 14
issue: 3
beginPage: 226
endPage: 243
doi: 10.1080/16138171.2017.1349301
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000442108400004
year: 2017
authors: Naess, HE
title:
Global sport governing bodies and human rights: Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), the Bahrain Grand Prix and corporate social responsibility

docAbstract:
In this paper, the controversy surrounding the Formula 1 Grand Prix in Bahrain 2010-14 is used to discuss the potential implementation of a corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy at the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). As a global sporting body with 230 member organizations in 134 countries, which governs five world motorsport championships, the FIA has gained a position in the international community where it can no longer separate sport from politics. By analysing how the FIA and its partners in Formula 1 managed the Bahrain affair, this paper suggests how the sporting body may develop the ethical domain of its future CSR policy. Rather than focusing on processes, motivations or the rhetoric of CSR, it speculates on which among the policy alternatives of diplomacy, boycott, exclusion and advocacy would maximize the FIA's social impact and minimize negative impact on the organization. The results show that although several options are viable, advocacy is the most credible way forward.


title: In pursuit of an environmentally friendly convention industry
type: J
volume: 29
issue: 3
beginPage: 1028
endPage: 1051
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-06-2016-0333
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000401017600011
year: 2017
authors: Park, HY, Kim, DK
docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to systematically develop a sustainability framework and guidelines for the green convention industry to cover the entire process of hosting a convention. Design/methodology/approach - The guidelines were designed in three phases: defining a sustainability framework for a green convention, conducting a three-round Delphi survey and developing comprehensive guidelines. The relative weights and/or importance were calculated and compared based on questionnaires and the analytic hierarchy process method. Findings - This study summarized 153 sustainable practices and their relative importance (seven categories and 37 subcategories) to suggest future directions and managerial implications for academia and practitioners to cope with negative environmental impacts and to create an environmentally sustainable convention industry. Research limitations/implications - Because the proposed framework and guidelines were developed in a particular environment, their applicability might be improved by further review prior to translating them into another context. Practical implications - This study provides implications to help practitioners plan and execute events in more environmentally and socially responsible ways. Practitioners may use the proposed guidelines, either as a whole or in part, to select the areas that are most applicable or in need of attention. Additionally, the guidelines may be used as an evaluation framework after hosting a convention to indicate specific ways to reduce harmful environmental practices and the importance of each practice. Originality/value - The proposed sustainability framework and guidelines consider all aspects of the convention industry, including all possible aspects of stakeholders that may affect convention organizers and participants, as well as related industries.


title: The value of community-based tourism in Banteay Chhmar, Cambodia
type: J
volume: 19
issue: 3
beginPage: 378
endPage: 397
doi: 10.1080/14616688.2016.1183143
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399587400005
year: 2017
authors: Pawson, S, D'Arcy, P, Richardson, S
docAbstract:
In the era of mass tourism, phenomena such as sustainable tourism, responsible tourism, rural tourism, eco-tourism, pro-poor tourism and community-based tourism are now increasingly under the research microscope. If established and managed correctly, these alternative forms of tourism have the potential to contribute towards sustainable community development and provide visitors with unique experiences. Few scholars have qualitatively addressed the growth of community-based tourism in South-East Asia. This study investigated the value of a community-based tourism project at Banteay Chhmar in north-west Cambodia, specifically the discourse of the project's members and the broader community. The objective of the study was to provide an ethnographic account of the community member's attitudes, opinions and beliefs concerning the perceived value and contribution of the project towards community development in their locality. The study initially relied on a literature review to conceptualise community-based tourism. Unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 30 stakeholders of the Banteay Chhmar Community-Based Tourism Project. A narrative identifies the development of the project and provides samples of the respondents' discourses. Findings from a thematic analysis of stakeholder responses indicated support of tourism and the overall operation of the project. Opinions were divided concerning the future growth of tourism and likely negative impacts on resident livelihoods. While some felt the project was relatively insular and lacked transparency, most identified the project's value as enhanced social capital, pride and a better sense of community. The findings show the project has positively contributed towards community development; however, before it can be considered a best practice example of community-based tourism, its financial sustainability, business practices and community support need to improve. The overall study serves as a valuable insight into themes promoting the merits and complications of community-based tourism, specifically in South-East Asia.


type: J
volume: 25
issue: 11
beginPage: 1633
endPage: 1649
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2017.1297451
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000414226100008
year: 2017
authors: Perez-Pineda, F, Alcaraz, JM, Colon, C
title:
Creating sustainable value in the hospitality industry: a (critical) multi-stakeholder study in the Dominican Republic

docAbstract:
This paper identifies sustainable initiatives reported by sustainability-champion hotels in the Dominican Republic, while contrasting them against the views of key stakeholders. We adapt and apply Hart and Milstein's Sustainable Value Framework, and complement it with a Critical Management Studies approach. Our analysis relies on a mixed-methods approach (non-hierarchical k-means cluster analysis, as well as thematic and content analysis). Findings indicate that most hotels are engaging more actively in present-oriented strategies such as pollution prevention (especially, the international hotels) and in product/service stewardship. However, in the future-oriented strategies, hotels owned by local investors show higher commitment to both clean technology and innovation, and to the sustainability vision (as the firm's growth path). In addition, although the views of multiple stakeholders show a clear acknowledgment of the hospitality industry's sustainability efforts (particularly regarding education and environmental protection), they also offer differing views about the ultimate impact and value of those efforts for them and for the broader society. Our study offers a new theoretical lens to explore multi-stakeholder approaches and offers practical implications for the Dominican Republic's National Strategy for Development 2010-2030, as well as implications that may be of use for other tourism-dependent countries.


title: SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE IN CARIBBEAN TOURISM ECONOMIES: A CRITICAL INQUIRY
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 3
beginPage: 407
endPage: 419
doi: 10.3727/108354217X14955605216131
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416665500010
year: 2017
authors: Peterson, RR, Harrill, R, Dipietro, RB
docAbstract:
Despite the growth of tourism in the Caribbean, sustainable tourism studies of island societies remain fragmented and inconsistent. In this article, we provide a critical inquiry into sustainability and resilience in small island tourism economies in the Caribbean from an emic perspective, contending that current models are incompatible with understanding sustainable tourism in small island economies, let alone guiding scholars and policymakers in pursuit of strengthening resilience. We question the scientific status quo emphasizing linear modeling and steady state economics and call for a critical reconsideration of adaptation and resilience within small island economies.


title: Food miles and food choices: the case of an upscale urban hotel in Hong Kong
type: J
volume: 25
issue: 6
beginPage: 779
endPage: 795
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1247848
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000399565200005
year: 2017
authors: Pratt, S, Mackenzie, M, Sutton, JL
docAbstract:
The nature of food production and consumption has changed dramatically in recent decades. Food sources for hotels and resorts have been an increasingly important sustainability topic in recent years. Where food is sourced has important implications for the economic, environmental and socio-cultural sustainability of tourist destinations. Based on where food is sourced and the mode of transportation, food miles is calculated for an upscale urban hotel in Hong Kong over a 12-month period. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with these food miles are computed. Over three-quarters of the food and beverages procured travelled via sea, the most energy efficient mode of transportation. Follow-up interviews with the hotel's procurement and executive chefs reveal the motivation behind these purchase decisions. While quality of food is the main driver for chefs, the procurement department take quality and cost into consideration. These different motivations provide potential conflict in sourcing food sustainably. Another issue raised is that food being procured from nearby countries may have questionable health and safety standards. Just because food can be procured closer to the destination does not necessarily mean it is the most sustainable option.


title: How can European museums reach sustainability?
type: J
volume: 72
issue: 3
beginPage: 303
endPage: 318
doi: 10.1108/TR-03-2017-0038
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000412539600004
year: 2017
authors: Lopez, MFB, Virto, NR, San-Martin, S
docAbstract:
Purpose - This research aims to provide evidence of the impacts of market orientation, customer value approach (through prestige, value for money and reputation for quality) and innovation on museum sustainability. Design/methodology/approach - The model is analysed through partial least squares (PLS-SEM), using a sample of 549 European museums. Findings - The results reveal that reputation for quality, prestige, innovation and value for money positively and significantly influence museum sustainability. Interestingly, the most meaningful linkage is between market orientation and innovation. Practical implications - This research helps museums that need to increase their customer value and innovativeness so as to ensure museum sustainability. It proves that museum managers have to increase employees' involvement in decision-making processes. Originality/value - By using a wide sample of European museums, this study suggests that museum managers need to consider the impact of marketing strategies and customer value perceptions on the economic and social sustainability of museums.


type: J
volume: 29
issue: 12
beginPage: 3157
endPage: 3176
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-10-2015-0580
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000424494100010
year: 2017
authors: Su, LJ, Swanson, SR, Hsu, M, Chen, XH
title:
How does perceived corporate social responsibility contribute to green consumer behavior of Chinese tourists A hotel context

docAbstract:
Purpose - This study aims to examine consumption emotions and customer-company identification as mediating variables to explore the association of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) on green consumer behavior in a hospitality-lodging context. Design/methodology/approach - Using a stimulus-organism-response framework, an integrated model is developed. The hypothesized relationships of the research model are tested using the structural equation modeling technique. Data were gathered from hotel guests at a UNESCO World Heritage Site in China. Findings - Perceived CSR directly affects positive emotions, negative emotions and customer-company identification. Positive emotions significantly influence customer-company identification. Positive emotions and customer-company identification partially mediate the relationship between perceived CSR and green consumer behavior. Hotel type was not found to be a moderating factor. Research limitations/implications - Perceived CSR can act to influence consumers' behaviors more broadly via an increased likelihood of engaging in green consumer behavior. Implementing CSR strategies at the company level may provide additional benefits to society as a whole. The proposed relationships need to be replicated in other service organizations, segments and cultures to better assess the generalizability of the findings. Originality/value - This study investigates the association between consumption emotions and customer-company identification, which has been missing in the tourism/hospitality literature. This study also extends previous CSR literature by examining the potential moderating role of hospitality type.


title: Social capital in Malaysian homestays: exploring hosts' social relations
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 10
beginPage: 1028
endPage: 1043
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2017.1310189
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000403004600002
year: 2017
authors: Tavakoli, R, Mura, P, Rajaratnam, SD
docAbstract:
This paper explores social capital among Malaysian homestay providers. More specifically, this work focuses on the social relationships between (a) the homestay providers and their family members; (b) the homestay providers and other accommodation providers; and (c) the homestay providers and other members of the community not involved in the homestay business. Despite the conspicuous body of knowledge on social capital in the social sciences and the increasing number of studies on social capital in tourism, little is known on whether and how homestays contribute to increase levels of social capital among the host families and between the host families and other members of the community in Malaysia. In an attempt to fill in this gap in knowledge, a qualitative study was conducted in a Malaysian homestay programme to explore hosts' social relationships. One of the findings of the study is that homestay contributes to strengthen social capital among certain groups of the host community. However, as communities are constituted by heterogeneous groups with diverse interests, the dynamics of social capital and conflict vary according to the different groups of the host community.


title: Chinese Super League: attendance, pricing, and team performance
type: J
volume: 7
issue: 2
beginPage: 157
endPage: 174
doi: 10.1108/SBM-10-2016-0055
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000402937600004
year: 2017
authors: Watanabe, N, Soebbing, B
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of team performance, price dispersion having multiple ticket prices for a single event, and market characteristics on fan attendance. By considering the context of the Chinese Super League (CSL), this study considers multiple strategies for enhancing the demand for sport in relation to factors on-and off-the-field of play. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses economic demand theory to examine consumer interest in sporting events in relation to pricing. Through employing econometric modeling, regression analysis is used to estimate results from match-level data encompassing multiple seasons. Findings - The findings estimated from the linear regressions indicate that using multi-tiered pricing for sporting events does not significantly enhance demand in this context. Furthermore, it is found that consumers are responsive to matches against rival teams and strong opponents. Research limitations/implications - The results run counter to prior literature on price dispersion, indicating that attendance demand may not always be influenced by the number of price points. Practical implications - The findings help to develop an understanding of how team performance and pricing are important parts of meeting organizational goals in sport. From this, strategies can be formed to help stakeholders and managers in improving organizational performance. Originality/value - This research is one of the first to consider the CSL, where both single and multiple price points exist for sporting events. Thus, it helps to build both theoretical and empirical knowledge in regards to the importance of pricing systems.


type: J
volume: 18
issue: 4
beginPage: 318
endPage: 343
doi: 10.1080/15470148.2017.1365670
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000419088200005
year: 2017
authors: Werner, K, Griese, KM, Hogg, J
title:
Service dominant logic as a new fundamental framework for analyzing event sustainability: A case study from the German meetings industry

docAbstract:
This study proposes Service Dominant Logic as a new explanatory approach to improve our understanding of sustainable events. A two-step analysis serves as a methodical framework. First, literature related to event marketing and Service Dominant Logic is analyzed with a focus on the micro, meso, and macro level. Second, the theoretical discussions are validated and enhanced by a brief case study from the German meetings industry. The findings highlight that the specific investigation of a micro, meso, and macro level within Service Dominant Logic can serve as a promising framework to better explain and depict the complexity of event sustainability.


type: J
volume: 22
issue: 3
beginPage: 281
endPage: 293
doi: 10.3727/108354217X14955605216032
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000416665500001
year: 2017
authors: Yoon, D, Chen, RJC
title:
A GREEN SHADOW: THE INFLUENCE OF HOTEL CUSTOMERS' ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND CONCERN ON GREEN MARKETING SKEPTICISM AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS

docAbstract:
Today's customers are frequently exposed to environmental claims and are prone to doubt whether these claims contain any truth for improving the natural environment. Customers' negative perceptions, expressed as skepticism, may distort hotels' green marketing efforts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the environmental knowledge of potential clients and their concerns about the environment on their skepticism toward hotels' green marketing claims. Further, due to the noteworthy relevance of skepticism and behavioral intentions, this study also examines the influential roles of skepticism on word of mouth and visit intentions. Four hundred and eleven participants were surveyed through an online research company. The results of structural equation modeling reveal that skepticism is a negative function of environmental knowledge, while environmental concern positively influences skepticism, and skepticism negatively leads to customers' word-of-mouth behavior and visit intentions. Further, this study provides practical implications of these findings for hotel marketers.


type: J
volume: 23
issue: 1
beginPage: 119
endPage: 137
doi: 10.20867/thm.23.1.1
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413065500009
year: 2017
authors: Yousaf, A, Amin, I, Gupta, A
title:
CONCEPTUALISING TOURIST BASED BRAND-EQUITY PYRAMID: AN APPLICATION OF KELLER BRAND PYRAMID MODEL TO DESTINATIONS

docAbstract:
Purpose - Different scales available for measuring the brand-equity of destinations are found to be much tourist centric and did not present a holistic view regarding building sustainable customer based brand-equity for destinations. Current study aim at conceptually addressing this important issue and present a modified framework for developing and measuring the customer-based brand equity of tourist destinations using Keller (2001). Design - Extensive literature review was done and 84 articles published in the domain of brand-equity in tourism and related areas were downloaded from various known databases to support arguments. In addition, UNWTO reports were also used. Cooper (1980) guidelines were used for exploring relevant articles. Findings - It is argued that the first step for building strong brand-equity of destination starts with identification of destination' salience followed by destination performance and destination imagery, destination judgements and feelings, and destination brand resonance. Consequences of having high brand-equity are also discussed. Originality - The tourist based brand-equity pyramid is the very first framework which is using Keller (2001) for explaining sustainable brand-equity formation of tourist's destinations. Current framework not only give a deep understanding of how to build brand-equity of destinations but also on how to develop strong, emotional bonds with the tourists and hence sustaining the brand-equity.


type: J
volume: 8
issue: 1
beginPage: 73
endPage: 86
doi: 10.1108/JHTT-07-2016-0037
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000402936200006
year: 2017
authors: Zizka, L
title:
The (mis) use of social media to communicate CSR in hospitality Increasing stakeholders' (dis) engagement through social media

docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to discuss how the hospitality industry is communicating corporate social responsibility (CSR) to its stakeholders, the premise being CSR communication through social media platforms will increase stakeholder engagement. Design/methodology/approach - This paper is developed based on Schwartz and Carroll's three-domain approach to CSR motivation, stakeholder theory and a synthesis of previous literature of CSR communication in the hospitality industry. Findings - Successful communication through social media is based on two-way participative dialogue. Companies, especially the hospitality industry, have used social media to communicate information through social media in a one-way direction, that of giving information. One example is the communication of CSR actions and intentions as found on hospitality websites, intranets and social media platforms. While previous studies have shown a link between CSR communication through social media and corporate reputation, few studies have examined CSR communication through social media and its effects on specific stakeholder groups. Research limitations/implications - Rather than assuming that CSR communication can be done successfully through a "one-size-fits-all" social media discourse, this paper suggests the need for specific messages and potentially different communication channels to increase engagement from each of the various stakeholders in the hospitality industry. Originality/value - This is one of the first papers which tries to address how one communication channel, social media, can affect CSR communication and increase stakeholder engagement in the hospitality industry.This paper provides discussion on the usefulness of social media to communicate CSR messages and posits the need for future research projects on a macro and micro level.


type: J
volume: 64
issue: 4
beginPage: 419
endPage: 430
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000392500600007
year: 2016
authors: Rogerson, CM
title:
Public-private partnerships for tourism infrastructure development: Evidence from the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa

docAbstract:
Public-private partnerships (PPP) are important vehicles for infrastructure development in the global South and increasingly applied in tourism. South Africa has extensively adopted the PPP approach for infrastructure development across several different sectors from transport, water and sanitation services, social development, office accommodation, health care and correctional services; increasingly the PPP approach is being applied to the tourism sector. This paper analyses the utilisation of the PPP approach to infrastructure development for tourism in South Africa using the case of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site. In this example the PPP model has foundered and failed to deliver anticipated outcomes in terms of project sustainability and inclusive growth through community benefits. At the heart of the disappointments of this PPP is the issue of demand risk and inadequate visitor flows to the tourism destination. The critical need for thorough and rigorous feasibility studies is widely acknowledged in the South African experience. Yet in this tourism infrastructure project the original feasibility studies were faulty and wildly over-optimistic regarding visitor demand projections such that revenue streams to the private partner fell below sustainability thresholds. A turnaround strategy currently is being implemented to boost tourism growth and sustainability of the Cradle of Humankind.


title: Applying inclusive business approaches to nature-based tourism in Namibia and South Africa
type: J
volume: 64
issue: 4
beginPage: 371
endPage: 383
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000392500600003
year: 2016
authors: Rylance, A, Spenceley, A
docAbstract:
Inclusive business is described as private sector-led business initiatives that aim to profitably engage low-income populations across productive value chains. This paper aims to quantify the impact of businesses implementing inclusive business strategies to determine the value to local communities as well as the tourism business. The research reviews the direct impact of the business on communities, determines the value proposition to the businesses as well as comparing the partnership structures between the operators and communities. Practical examples from Namibia and South Africa are provided of how different strategies may, or may not, generate a tangible impact for both parties. The research contributes to the limited literature about inclusive business models in the tourism sector.


type: J
volume: 59
beginPage: 60
endPage: 71
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.07.008
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000387630800007
year: 2016
authors: Lee, K, Conklin, M, Bordi, P, Cranage, D
title:
Restaurants' healthy eating initiatives for children increase parents' perceptions of CSR, empowerment, and visit intentions

docAbstract:
In this study, we examine how healthy eating initiatives (i.e., providing healthful foods and nutrition information on children's menus) affect parents' intentions to visit restaurants. We test the mediating roles of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and empowerment and examine whether mediating effects are contingent on the level of parents' concerns about children's eating. The results of a scenario-based experimental design show that both initiatives increase parents' visit intentions through increased CSR perceptions. The indirect effect of nutrition information on visit intentions through perceived CSR is pronounced only among parents with moderate to high concerns about children's eating. The provision of healthful foods has an indirect effect on parents' visit intentions through perceived CSR, regardless of concern level. Our findings suggest that providing healthful items and nutrition information on children's menus increases parents' perceptions of CSR and visit intentions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Islands of prescription and islands of negotiation
type: J
volume: 5
issue: 3
beginPage: 260
endPage: 274
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.01.004
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000384386700008
year: 2016
authors: Povilanskas, R, Armaitiene, A, Dyack, B, Jurkus, E
docAbstract:
This paper uses a mixed, quantitative and qualitative approach to analyze interaction between tourism development and conservation regulations on two World Heritage islands: Fraser Island (Australia) and the Curonian Spit (Lithuania). Both destinations are iconic areas attracting 300,000-400,000 visitors annually, which is 300-1500 times more than the number in the local population. Therefore tourism poses serious stresses on both conservation of heritage values and subjective wellbeing of local people. Complicating these pressures is the fact that at the same time, tourism provides a critical local driver of economic sustainability. Even though strict nature conservation and site management regulations are in place because both territories are protected as national parks and world heritage sites, a survey reveals that there is continuous pressure from local communities and from the tourism sector to renegotiate and alter the boundaries of the currently prescribed management framework. 'Bending the rules' is a widespread practice of actors at both sites. The focus is on understanding the pressures affecting sustainability in this broadest sense, with the goal of finding some balance between prescription and negotiation in management. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Attraction sustainability in North Carolina and its impact on decision-making
type: J
volume: 19
beginPage: 1
endPage: 10
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2016.04.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000380563400001
year: 2016
authors: Kline, C, Rubright, H, Viren, PP, Naar, A, Oliver, J
docAbstract:
The green movement has generated an increase in research on consumer behavior related to green products and services. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence consumer choice regarding sustainable attractions and to develop a better understanding of whether the sustainable features impact visitor decision-making. Results show that the environmental practices of an attraction were not as important to visitors as other factors such as reputation, price, and the activities at the site. The results also demonstrate that when selecting among green factors, eco-furnishings and sustainability related certification play the largest role in determining the likelihood of visitation to a sustainable attraction. Published by Elsevier Ltd.


type: J
volume: 19
issue: 7
beginPage: 643
endPage: 658
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2014.898616
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000374654800005
year: 2016
authors: Jackson, S
title:
Prediction, explanation and big(ger) data: a middle way to measuring and modelling the perceived success of a volunteer tourism sustainability campaign based on 'nudging'

docAbstract:
The overall aim of this paper was to explore the dichotomy between explanation and prediction and to suggest that there is a middle way. Explanation has often been the domain of academics while prediction has often been the domain of businesses. The former have frequently used smaller sample sizes, the latter larger sample sizes and now increasingly data that have high volume, high velocity, and high variety, i.e. big data. These differences may place the parties at opposite ends of a spectrum which suggests that there is a middle way. This middle way uses automatic linear modelling' that can cope with big data and presents the results as visualisations. An example is outlined based on a sustainability campaign involving leaders in the context of volunteer tourism. The campaign used an informational nudge' approach. The results of the study are discussed in relation to both the application of the technique and the success of the campaign. It is pointed out that the technique is exploratory but can aid both prediction and theory building in the area of volunteer tourism and that academics must not be afraid to embrace new methods that may be less conventional but bring the universities and industry closer together.


title: Cause-related marketing in sports: the power of altruism
type: J
volume: 16
issue: 3
beginPage: 316
endPage: 340
doi: 10.1080/16184742.2016.1143854
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000375049500004
year: 2016
authors: Joo, S, Koo, J, Fink, JS
docAbstract:
Research question: Based on attribution theory, meaning transfer theory, and social identity/team identification theory, the present study aims to investigate how the effectiveness of perceived altruism on consumer responses varies depending on the team identification conditions in a cause-related marketing (CRM) campaign. Research methods: A total of 124 subjects participated in an experiment created by 2 levels of CRM: altruism and team identification. Results and findings: The study results indicate that perceived CRM altruism has a greater impact on consumers' change in attitude toward the team among low identifiers than high identifiers. Further analyses show this moderating effect is mediated by consumers' attitudes toward the campaign. Implications: The research findings imply that CRM campaign strategies should be carefully established depending on sports consumers' team identification. These convey important theoretical and managerial implications and further add depth to our knowledge in general to the CRM literature, and in particular, to the CRM literature in sports and team identification.


type: J
volume: 19
issue: 7
beginPage: 734
endPage: 754
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2013.877876
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000374654800010
year: 2016
authors: Peng, J, Chen, X, Wang, J
title:
Applying relative deprivation theory to study the attitudes of host community residents towards tourism: the case study of the Zhangjiang National Park, China

docAbstract:
Host community is one of the most important stakeholders involved in tourism development. Their attitudes and supports for tourism are highly significant to underpin the sustainable development of the industry. However, host community has not been attached adequate importance, and is usually marginalised to be a salient disadvantaged group in the process of tourism development. Although relative deprivation theory (RDT) provides a powerful theoretical tool to analyse the attitudes of disadvantaged social groups, the theory has rarely been documented in tourism literature. This paper takes the case of tourism development in the Zhangjiang National Park, China, and applies RDT to empirically examine how and why host residents suffer from the relative deprivation problem resulting from tourism development and attempts to unveil its influence on their attitudes towards tourism development. The study indicates that there exists a close and negative correlation between the locals' relative deprivation and their attitudes towards tourism development. The more host residents suffer from relative deprivation, the more negative their attitudes towards tourism are, and vice versa. Furthermore, the Relative Deprivation Index proposed in this study proves to be simple and effective in quantitatively depicting the spatial differences/heterogeneity of relative deprivation issues in the case study area.


type: J
volume: 18
beginPage: 141
endPage: 152
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2016.01.010
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000379246000020
year: 2016
authors: Banki, MB, Ismail, HN, Muhammad, IB
title:
Coping with seasonality: A case study of family owned micro tourism businesses in Obudu Mountain Resort in Nigeria

docAbstract:
Seasonality in tourism has attracted much attention from tourism management stakeholders due to the important role it plays in destinations sustainability. It is also recognised to have significant effects on tourism business survivability and sustainability. Despite this recognition, there has been a paucity of research on its effects on family owned micro tourism businesses and how they cope in tropical climate regions of developing countries. Using a qualitative research strategy, a total of 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members in micro tourism businesses in the host communities of Obudu Mountain Resort in Nigeria. The finding reveals that Obudu Mountain Resort and the existing family owned micro tourism businesses experiences extreme seasonality. This has serious effects on business operations and family survival as a majority of the operators depend solely on the businesses. Unlike the practice in the majority of the destinations located in temperate climate regions, all the family owned micro tourism businesses in Obudu Mountain Resort environment stay open throughout the year, regardless of the fall in tourists' flow in off-peak; adopting similar and varying coping strategies. Despite the challenges of off-peak periods, the "familiness" of family tourism business has shown to have the potential of reducing the effects of seasonality in rural peripheral tourist destination. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 18
beginPage: 168
endPage: 178
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2016.03.004
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000379246000023
year: 2016
authors: Mosammam, HM, Sarrafi, M, Nia, JT, Heidari, S
title:
Typology of the ecotourism development approach and an evaluation from the sustainability view: The case of Mazandaran Province, Iran

docAbstract:
This paper identifies the ecotourism development approach in the Mazandaran Province of northern Iran. It also evaluates the sustainability of this approach from local people's perspectives. Thirty indicators were developed for the typology of the approach and the respondents were key figures in the province's tourism sector. To evaluate the sustainability of this approach, 31 indicators were established, and based on cluster sampling and Cochran's method, 600 questionnaires were completed in 6 target cities in the Mazandaran Province. The study's findings show that ecotourism development in this region is based on a 'hybrid approach' (the combination of boosterism and economic factors), which have led to an unequal power interrelationships and interactions between the natural environment and human, and host and guest. Evaluating the sustainability of ecotourism, from local people's perspectives, has revealed that ecotourism in the Mazandaran province has failed to be sustainable. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 40
issue: 1
beginPage: 92
endPage: 104
doi: 10.1123/rsj.2014-0063
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000398377900009
year: 2016
authors: Stinnett, B, Gibson, F
title:
Sustainability and Recreational Sports Facilities: An Exploratory Study Regarding Levels of Institutional Adoption

docAbstract:
Sustainability is a hot topic in higher education. Buzz words such as green and renewable have helped brand modern environmentalism. A greater emphasis on facility planning, development, and management is contributing to sustainability efforts. Collegiate recreational sports programs often include facilities that pose a challenge to the green movement, due to their size and operational requirements. To identify efforts within the collegiate recreational sports industry, this study focused on assessing the state of facility sustainability. The purpose of this study was to assess levels of institutional adoption related to sustainable initiatives at collegiate recreational sports facilities. This foundational study attempted to create some benchmark data for the collegiate recreation industry within the National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA). The Collegiate Recreational Sports Sustainability Survey was developed to assess the variables in the study and was sent to directors of NIRSA member institutions. This study used quantitative research methods and produced primarily descriptive research. This research produced a number of key findings: institutions that led in adoption levels per their respective category type were two-year public institutions, large enrollment institutions, institutions from NIRSA Region VI, and institutions that contain large collegiate recreational sports facilities. In addition, significant differences in adoption levels existed between four-year public and four-year private institutions, between large and small enrollment institutions, and between institutions that had large and small facilities. Implications from this study include providing benchmark data, creating advisory committees, and modeling NIRSA Region VI institutions. This study establishes a foundation for further research on sustainability efforts in collegiate recreational sports.


title: The contribution of Australia-based researchers to tour guiding
type: J
volume: 26
beginPage: 100
endPage: 109
doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.01.002
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000372598500013
year: 2016
authors: Weiler, B
docAbstract:
The work of Australian researchers has been central to the development of theory and scholarship on tour guiding. The paper begins with a quantitative synopsis of the collective output of Australia-based research that has appeared in scholarly journals, published conference proceedings, edited books and research reports. More tour guiding research has emanated from Australia than from any other single country. The bulk of the paper considers some of the key contributions that these Australian researchers have made, including conceptualisation and theory-building, the application and refinement of theory and methods from other disciplines to enhance understanding of tour guiding, and the synthesis of knowledge about tour guiding. Conceptual contributions include a six-cell framework for depicting the roles of tour guides, a multi-dimensional framework to inform the use of quality assurance mechanisms for tour guiding practice, a three-part model for the development of tour guide certification, a framework for aligning relevant theories, research designs and approaches to four categories of sustainability outcomes from tour guiding, and a set of principles for guide training in developing countries. Each of these has informed the research of others within Australia and globally. Australian researchers have also engaged theory from other fields such as human resource management, consumer behaviour, and applied communication to advance understanding and measurement of tour guiding phenomena and to refine the theories themselves. A recent synthesis of Australia-based research theory and findings together with the global body of knowledge on tour guiding suggests that the way has been paved for more theoretically-driven and methodologically-rigorous research in tour guiding. The paper concludes with examples of research dissemination, technology transfer and research uptake, as evidence of the real-world impact of Australia-based tour guiding researchers. Publication of user-oriented products, often in collaboration with industry partners, has been a hallmark of Australian tour guiding research that, together with its scholarly contributions, puts Australia at the forefront of applied tour guiding research globally. (C) 2016 The Authors.


title: Regional Contrasts in Consumers' Attitudes and Behavior Following the BP Oil Spill
type: J
volume: 57
issue: 1
beginPage: 66
endPage: 81
doi: 10.1177/1938965515586619
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000370202700006
year: 2016
authors: Susskind, AM, Bonn, MA, Lawrence, BC, Furr, HL
docAbstract:
In this paper, we examine how consumers' reactions to the British Petrolium (BP) oil spill and their attitudes about the Gulf of Mexico as a tourism destination differ as a function of the respondents' geographic location of residence and their past travel behavior. A survey conducted with 540 travelers and tourists, which began three weeks following the successful capping of the oil leak in the Gulf of Mexico, reveals that consumers' reactions to the oil spill varied by geographic location and past travel behavior. In particular, consumers from the southeast region, when compared with the three other geographic regions we sampled, had more negative views regarding the oil spill on a number of dependent measures. We also found that individuals who traveled to Florida in the two years prior to the oil spill reported higher perceptions of environmental risk than those individuals who had not traveled to Florida during that same time frame.


title: Development and Validation of the Green Food and Beverage Literacy Scale
type: J
volume: 21
issue: 1
beginPage: 20
endPage: 56
doi: 10.1080/10941665.2015.1016050
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000367546400002
year: 2016
authors: Wang, YF
docAbstract:
This study developed a scale to evaluate green food and beverage literacy (GFBL) among hospitality college students. The scale was developed using a six-stage scale development process. An expert survey was used to confirm the definition and domain of GFBL and the developed items. Using split questionnaire design, a pretest and initial survey were conducted to purify and confirm the validity of each literacy scale. An integrated survey was then administered to 250 senior hospitality college students to confirm the reliability and validity of the entire GFBL scale. Finally, a new set of 245 samples of data was used to examine the cross-validation of the entire GFBL scale. Based on the results of second-order confirmatory factor analysis using 60 items, eight literacy factors were identified. The results indicated that the most crucial factor of GFBL is individual consumer behavior pertaining to green food and beverage (GFB). Potential theoretical and practical applications of this scale are also discussed.


type: J
volume: 11
issue: 4
beginPage: 364
endPage: 381
doi: 10.1080/1743873X.2015.1113977
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000443214200005
year: 2016
authors: Alazaizeh, MM, Hallo, JC, Backman, SJ, Norman, WC, Vogel, MA
title:
Crowding standards at Petra Archaeological Park: a comparative study of McKercher's five types of heritage tourists

docAbstract:
To achieve sustainability in heritage tourism, tourists should be placed at the heart of the management and planning processes. Indicators and standards-based frameworks were developed in the field of outdoor recreation management to manage and measure crowding and other problematic issues in parks and related areas. Using normative theory and visual research methods, this article aims to examine crowding standards of tourists at Petra Archaeological Park, and compare these standards between the types of heritage tourists suggested by a model developed by Bob McKercher. Results showed that tourists' acceptability levels go down with an increasing number of tourists, and tourists who are highly motivated to visit heritage sites (i.e. purposeful and sightseeing heritage tourists) had the most restrictive acceptable number of tourists at the park. The normative standards formulated in this article provided a guidance to manage crowding at Petra.


title: An educational simulation tool for integrated coastal tourism development in developing countries
type: J
volume: 24
issue: 5
beginPage: 783
endPage: 798
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1091463
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000374994400007
year: 2016
authors: Anctil, A, Le Blanc, D
docAbstract:
In spite of the importance of coastal tourism for the economies of many developing countries, tourism infrastructure has often been developed without full consideration of long-term impacts on the environment. The simulation model presented in this paper aims to address critical gaps in awareness and capacity for integrated decision-making and planning in tourism infrastructure development in a developing country context. We build a simple closed-loop model of tourism infrastructure investment, which integrates typical economic, social and ecological dimensions of the problem. The model is calibrated so that within 20 years, investment projects in tourist capacity done without concomitant investment in solid waste and wastewater treatment result in a collapse of fish stocks and a sharp drop in tourist attendance. The model includes several policy options that allow users to intervene at various points in the loop, allowing stakeholders to explore how various combinations of policies perform in financial, environmental and social terms over the long period. The model can, therefore, be used as an educational tool for training and capacity-building.


title: Developing sustainable tourism through ecomuseology: a case study in the Rupununi region of Guyana
type: J
volume: 24
issue: 5
beginPage: 758
endPage: 782
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1085867
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000374994400006
year: 2016
authors: Bowers, J
docAbstract:
Sustainability is a concept that continues to evolve and perplex in tourism, one of the world's largest industries. Effective new theories and practices are constantly explored so as to incorporate sustainability into tourism frameworks. Due to their focus on participation processes, integration of resources, and responses to specific needs and contexts, ecomuseum principles can be very useful for the development of sustainable tourism. This paper examines the potential of using the principles of ecomuseology to support sustainable tourism development. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach involving local expert stakeholders at the case study site, the Rupununi region of Guyana, South America. The findings from this research suggest that the principles of ecomuseology possess considerable potential to support sustainable tourism development in the Rupununi and potentially other destinations internationally. In particular, this study illustrates how ecomuseological principles can be used to manage heritage resources and economic development by focusing on, for example, holistic interpretation and information sharing, placing equal attention on heritage resources, and monitoring changes to the region over time.


title: Exploring how to match local products fair participation motivations of the visitors and businesses
type: J
volume: 17
issue: 3
beginPage: 220
endPage: 233
doi: 10.1080/15470148.2015.1135092
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000411444500003
year: 2016
authors: Caber, M, Guven, A, Ozturk, A
docAbstract:
Fairs play an important role in bringing together producers and consumers. However, participating businesses and fair visitors are separate groups that fair organizers need to keep satisfied for long-term business success and sustainability of the event. For comparing both side motivations, two separate surveys were performed during a local products fair held in Antalya, Turkey. Forty-five company representatives and 244 visitors took part in the studies and the results showed that "innovation and promotion" motivations of the businesses coincide with "learning and trying" motivations of the visitors.


title: An insight into cultural heritage management of tourism destinations
type: J
volume: 14
beginPage: 75
endPage: 91
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000394467700006
year: 2016
authors: Carbone, F
docAbstract:
In this time of global changes, culture is considered the fourth pillar of sustainability, and intercultural dialogue and understanding is an increasingly important issue. Within this context, the preservation, management and cultural heritage enhancement is more than ever at the centre of international debates, as well as its alliance with tourism. Supranational guidelines address the effort of policymakers and operators, but how to guarantee the effective implementation of supranational guidelines at local level and for each monument and cultural area open to the public? In this context, Cultural Heritage Quality Management is an emerging topic, and this article aims to provide a milestone in its study by offering a detailed theoretical overview as a starting point for future empirical research in this area. (c) 2016 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


title: Going green in baseball - a case study of the SK Wyverns
type: J
volume: 17
issue: 4
beginPage: 368
endPage: 379
doi: 10.1108/IJSMS-11-2016-022
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000387099300005
year: 2016
authors: Choi, JSA
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the marketing journey of a professional baseball team in South Korea (the SK Wyverns), from the conception of a new "green" campaign to the resulting environmental, social and economic gains of the local community and of Korean baseball in general. Design/methodology/approach - The investigator interviewed 12 constituents of the SK's green marketing campaign, participated as an observer at seven separate field trips to the SK stadium and meetings, and collected and analyzed corporate documentation and physical artifacts. The role of the researcher as an advisor to the Wyvern's green marketing initiative from the onset provided rare access to these multiple and different sources of evidence, which helped to establish the trustworthiness of the results (Yin, 2003). Findings - By taking unconventional steps to find new funding opportunities, the team managed to achieve a triple benefit-of environmental, social and economic gains from green marketing. In the big picture, one will recognize that the SK Wyverns' story is less about the opportune timing of its funding strategy, and more about its capacity for innovative thinking to address the big issue of meeting up-front costs. Originality/value - The significance of the SK Wyverns' green marketing program is that it shows how even a team in a non-major baseball market like South Korea can accept a big challenge and deliver the desired results by solving the cost issue in a proactive, creative way. The hope is that other sport franchises around Asia, in other regions faced with growing environmental concerns, may regard this case as a benchmark and find inspiration for their own creative solutions in going green.


title: Ecotourism an option in small island destinations?
type: J
volume: 16
issue: 1
beginPage: 72
endPage: 87
doi: 10.1177/1467358415600209
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000366645800006
year: 2016
authors: d'Hauteserre, AM
docAbstract:
This article, using a postcolonial and political economy framework, examines how tourism development seems an appealing solution for small islands, especially in the form of community-based (sustainable) ecotourism. The article follows with how residents of small island destinations in the Pacific engage with the global tourism market to diversify their economy and increase income as a counterweight to emigration. The article then discusses how this experience might be modeled in Wallis and Futuna, a French territory of the South Pacific. Although small islands of the Pacific possess a variety of assets, not the least of which today is their remoteness and their different culture, they face a number of challenges to maintain their appeal on the global market. Authorities in Wallis and Futuna seem to have forsaken some of their assets and political will even though a few residents seek to obtain the means to remain in the territory through returns from small tourism enterprises.


title: Construction of a web-based geographical information system-the case of "Ria de Aveiro" region
type: J
volume: 27
issue: 1
beginPage: 71
endPage: 81
doi: 10.1080/13032917.2015.1083210
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000401971600008
year: 2016
authors: Albuquerque, HCD, Martins, FMCPF, Raposo, RMD, Cardoso, LMTG, Pereira, PMDB, Dias, P
docAbstract:
"Ria de Aveiro" is a branded tourism region site, in the Central region of Portugal, which comprises a variety of natural and cultural tourist products and resources, which needs to be integrated in a way to enhance the promotion and management of this destination. In this way, Ria de Aveiro web-based Geographical Information System (GIS) was developed, providing an integrated platform aimed to better manage the tourism activity in this region. In this paper, it is pretended to demonstrate the potential use of GISs and spatial analysis in tourism planning, and to evaluate the ability of GIS as a tool to support integrated management of tourism.


title: Niche tourism in small peripheral towns: the case of Jewish Heritage in Belmonte, Portugal
type: J
volume: 13
issue: 3
beginPage: 310
endPage: 332
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2015.1114014
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000392503400004
year: 2016
authors: Dinis, A, Krakover, S
docAbstract:
This paper explores the potential contribution of niche products to the development of sustainable tourism in small peripheral places. The exploration is conducted on the case study of Belmonte, a small peripheral Portuguese town, employing a strategy of niche tourism in the framework of "museum park" development. This park is comprised of different sorts of local heritage, including the town's unique Jewish history. Empirical research was conducted using an inductive methodology based on several primary and secondary sources of data. Results indicate that Jewish heritage tourism is an important and growing segment of tourism, though it does not constitute, as of yet, the sole engine of local development. Jewish heritage tourism faces the challenge of developing supportive services to sustain the growing demand and allow retaining more value in the region. It is concluded that in remote peripheral areas: (a) Niche tourism should be developed as a cluster of products; (b) Jewish heritage appears as a viable niche product within the framework of the museum parks cluster; (c) The involvement of local government is crucial for the success of tourism development; and (d) Sustainability of niche tourism products depend on joining local and global distributional networks.


type: J
volume: 17
issue: 1
beginPage: 3
endPage: 18
doi: 10.1108/IJSMS-02-2016-001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000379693300002
year: 2016
authors: Inoue, Y, Havard, CT, Irwin, RL
title:
Roles of sport and cause involvement in determining employees' beliefs about cause-related sport sponsorship

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the roles of employees' involvement with the sponsored sport and cause in determining their beliefs about cause-related sport sponsorship. Design/methodology/approach - Respondents completed a survey that included the measures of sport involvement, cause involvement, and sponsorship beliefs adapted from previous studies. The final sample included 131 attendees who identified themselves as employees of sponsors of a cause-related sport event in a web-based post-event survey. A multiple regression analysis was performed to test hypotheses. Findings - Despite the prevailing logic that companies can enhance the perception of goodwill by sponsoring sport that is important to their employees, employees' sport involvement was found to have no effect on their sponsorship beliefs. In contrast, cause involvement alone explained a large amount of the variance in those beliefs. Originality/value - The findings contribute to the literature by indicating that how employees evaluate cause-related sport sponsorship may be different from their evaluation process of traditional sport sponsorship without the cause affiliation. This research highlights the need to conduct further internal marketing research specific to cause-related sport sponsorship.


type: J
volume: 27
issue: 4
beginPage: 540
endPage: 542
doi: 10.1080/13032917.2016.1193758
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000401976300013
year: 2016
authors: Jung, SY, Kim, YS, Malek, K, Lee, W
title:
Engaging attendees in environmental sustainability at trade shows: attendees' perceptions and willingness to participate


title: The Effect of CSR Practices on Employee Affective Commitment in the Airline Industry
type: J
volume: 12
issue: 3-4
beginPage: 451
endPage: 469
doi: 10.1080/19388160.2016.1278187
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000452515800010
year: 2016
authors: Kucukusta, D, Guillet, BD, Chan, HL
docAbstract:
This study investigates the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of airlines and their influence on the affective commitment (AC) of their employees. The CSR practices were derived from medium-scale airlines in Hong Kong, their annual sustainability reports, and the previous literature. The CSR practices were factor analyzed and grouped under the dimensions of safety, the community, people, the environment, and business operations. While all five dimensions were relevant, employees considered the environmental dimension to be the most important. The dimensions of environment and people were found to have the most influence on employee AC.


type: J
volume: 22
issue: 2
beginPage: 151
endPage: 172
doi: 10.20867/thm.22.2.2
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000413065000004
year: 2016
authors: Kukanja, M, Planinc, T, Suligoj, M
title:
INFLUENCE OF MANAGERS' DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ON CSR PRACTICES IN THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF SLOVENIA

docAbstract:
Purpose - The objective of this study is to investigate how restaurant managers' demographic characteristics influence Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in the restaurant industry. Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to analyze the influence of managers' demographic characteristics on CSR practices, industry specific practices relevant to the Slovenian restaurant industry were identified: regular financial assistance to activities and projects of the local community, employment of local staff, cooperation with local producers, active separation of all types of waste, active recyclement, active energy savement, and payment of liabilities towards suppliers on time. The quantitative research focuses on the correlation between managers' demographics and CSR practices. Data were collected through quantitative field research by applying a structured self administerred questionnaire. Findings - Research results show that the main reason for acting responsibly is related to managers' years of age, experience, and level of education. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that all demographic variables included in the research have a statistically significant influence in explaining restaurants' CSR behaviour. The most strongly influenced CSR practice is "Payment of liabilities". This practice is driven by managers' age, years of experience, and level of education. By understanding both, managers' demographic characteristics and their influence on CSR practices, it is now possible to more successfully implement CSR policies in the restaurant industry. It is suggested that future studies focuse on the analysis of CSR practices and managers' psychographic characteristics. Originality - This is the very first study to analyse the influence of managers' demographic characteristics on CSR engagement in the restaurant industry.


type: J
volume: 24
issue: 6
beginPage: 866
endPage: 881
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1091464
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000375868400004
year: 2016
authors: MacDonald, E, Milfont, T, Gavin, M
title:
Applying the Elaboration Likelihood Model to increase recall of conservation messages and elaboration by zoo visitors

docAbstract:
Zoos aspire to facilitate sustainable behaviours in visitors and conservation messages are plentiful in zoos. However, the degree to which these messages are being received and processed by visitors on site has rarely been studied. In our paper, we studied the effectiveness, as measured in message recall, of a common mode of face-to-face communication used in zoos, animal talks. We compared animal talks based on a theoretical framework, the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), to a control group in which no framework was used. A two-phase ELM-based training programme, which instructed staff in techniques to increase cognitive possessing in visitors, led to increased visitor satisfaction after one training programme and increased relevancy (connected to the visitor's life) and elaboration (provoked thinking) after a second training session. There was a small number of staff who did not integrate conservation messages into talks despite repetitive training. Implications for zoos and their goal of effectively communicating conservation messages to visitors are discussed.


type: J
volume: 6
issue: 1
beginPage: 20
endPage: 27
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000378431800004
year: 2016
authors: McNicol, B
title:
THE SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMERCIAL TOUR OPERATIONS IN PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS: DEFINING CATEGORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPLY

docAbstract:
There is a need in federally protected areas, such as national parks, to investigate the connection between management actions and responsible and sustainable tourism. Environmental supply, as a subset of ecosystem services, is a recent concept that seeks to contribute positively to park management actions about commercial visitor activities and environmental conservation in protected national areas. This can be accomplished by linking commercial visitor demand with understanding of tour operator's views about environmental supply. This study targets commercial tour operator's categorization of environmental supply in the Canadian Rocky Mountain national parks of Banff and Jasper. As a concept, environmental supply includes natural features, physical attributes, management initiatives and/or governance policies that influence environmental conservation. Environmental supply, therefore, will include the ecosystems and services of the park destination, visitor education and interpretive programs, zoning and access, environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures, policies and guidelines, and any other characteristics and initiatives that impact the conservation and/or preservation of nature at a visitor-centered site. How commercial tour operators respond to and manage these for environmental protection in a conservation environment will determine tourism sustainability at the destination. This research presents the results of interviews and a pilot survey that provided information to create initial categories of quality success of environmental supply as defined by commercial tour operators in Banff and Jasper National Parks in the Rocky Mountains of Canada, where we provided a methodology to monitor changes over time by using categories of this research to define quality success indicators of environmental supply that are also parameters of sustainability in high use national parks.


title: Multinational corporations, co-evolution, and sustainable tourism in Africa
type: J
volume: 13
beginPage: 23
endPage: 42
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000385377600002
year: 2016
authors: Garcia-Cabrera, AM, Suarez-Ortega, SM, Duran-Herrera, JJ
docAbstract:
Co-evolution as an approach to tourism sustainability has been under-researched in the tourism literature, which has mainly focused on the more natural evolutionary principles. Relevant questions about the co-evolutionary process remain understudied, especially in the case of multinational companies (MNCs) involved in tourism that coevolve with local authorities in developing African countries. This paper delves into the co-evolutionary process in order to identify the main challenges and key factors that condition the reciprocal interactions that give rise to co-evolution between local authorities and foreign MNCs in Africa. We apply a qualitative methodology based on a single and in-depth case study to examine the relationship between a Spanish hotel chain and local authorities in an African country. We find that a co-evolutionary approach based on cooperative interactions between tourism MNCs and local authorities may contribute towards guaranteeing sustainable tourism. Our findings also show how differences in negotiating methods can be one of the strongest challenges that co-evolution faces in Africa. Also, as co-evolution is a time-consuming and complex process in these countries, some qualities of the actors involved such as learning capabilities, patience and readiness to deal with unforeseen conditions are of high relevance for the successful culmination of the process. (C) 2016 Varna University of Management. All rights reserved


type: J
volume: 17
issue: 4
beginPage: 294
endPage: 317
doi: 10.1080/15470148.2016.1142919
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000411445400003
year: 2016
authors: Oshimi, D, Harada, M, Fukuhara, T
title:
Residents' perceptions on the social impacts of an international sport event: Applying panel data design and a moderating variable

docAbstract:
This study extends prior research by examining residents' perception of an international sport event using panel data design, comparing pre-and post-event perceptions among demographic categories, and applying a moderating variable that influences the relationship between socio-demographic variables and perceived social impacts of the event. We administered 2,000 mail-in questionnaire surveys to randomly selected residents at the 2013 Tour de France Saitama Criterium in Japan. The results suggest that the residents overestimated the sporting event's impacts. The moderating variable "interest in the event" is significant; further several social impacts are significant factors in the sustainability of the event.


title: The US traveler's familiarity with and perceived credibility of lodging ecolabels
type: J
volume: 22
issue: 1
beginPage: 3
endPage: 12
doi: 10.1177/1356766715585904
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000367175200001
year: 2016
authors: Park, SY, Millar, M
docAbstract:
Despite the proliferating numbers and types of ecolabels for lodging in the United States, little is known about consumer reactions toward them. Thus, this study examines the US adult travelers' familiarity with and perceived credibility of six ecolabels used by lodging firms in the market today, which vary in terms of industry scope (lodging only vs. multi-industry) and issuer type (profit, nonprofit, or government): Audubon International, Green Key Eco, TripAdvisor's GreenLeaders, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, Energy Star, and Green Business Bureau. Results based on 392 responses collected from a national online survey in April 2014 show that Energy Star and GreenLeaders had the highest levels of familiarity and perceived credibility, while familiarity and credibility levels for the other four ecolabels were relatively low, indicating critical needs for better marketing about ecolabels, overall. These results also provide lodging managers with important insight into consumer reactions toward the ecolabels currently existent and utilized by lodging firms and identify which ecolabels, if any, to pursue.


type: J
volume: 24
issue: 1
beginPage: 153
endPage: 167
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1062019
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000365762200009
year: 2016
authors: Slocum, SL, Curtis, KR
title:
Assessing sustainable food behaviours of national park visitors: domestic/on vocation linkages, and their implications for park policies

docAbstract:
This study compares the at-home and while travelling sustainable food practices of national park visitors in the US Intermountain West through an in-person survey. Results show that tourist's sustainable food practices do not carry over into their national park experience. Specifically, they shop for and consume fewer local foods and participate in fewer food-related activities when travelling, such as farmers' market and local farm visits. When divided into groups of low, medium and high sustainable food practices at home, the medium and high-level groups exhibited a significant reduction in sustainable food practices while travelling. This likely stems from poor promotion of local foods and food related events, lack of linkages between the tourism and food industries, as well as limited recognition of local food labelling schemes and interest in local culture by visitors. These results imply that local foods and culinary experiences do not currently play an essential role in national park experiences in the US Intermountain West. It raises important questions. Is there a link between sustainability practices at home and when on vacation? Should national park managements widen their environmental remits by becoming involved in local food production and promotional practices?


type: J
volume: 16
issue: 1
beginPage: 50
endPage: 71
doi: 10.1177/1467358415611068
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000366645800005
year: 2016
authors: Law, A, Jiang, M, van der Veeken, S, Calgaro, E, Klint, LM, de Lacy, T, Dominey-Howes, D
title:
Tourism destinations' vulnerability to climate change: Nature-based tourism in Vava'u, the Kingdom of Tonga

docAbstract:
Tourism plays an important role in economic and human development in the Pacific. These benefits are at risk from the impacts of climate change, threatening the sustainability of the Pacific tourism sector. We assess the vulnerability and resilience of nature-based tourism in Vava'u, Tonga, using the Destination Sustainability Framework of Calgaro (2014) modified for a climate change focus. Our empirical assessment indicates that the following factors increase vulnerability levels in Vava'u: strong seasonality, dependency on air access, remoteness, limited connectivity of Vava'u from national decision makers and limited human and financial resources. Resilience levels in Vava'u are heightened by a high awareness of climate change, the resilient nature of Tongans and strong family and social networks. In conclusion, we recommend a set of adaptation strategies to further improve resilience levels, namely improving climate change education, increasing product and market diversification, strengthening institutional capacities and mainstreaming adaptation in national policies.


type: J
volume: 13
issue: 6
beginPage: 1387
endPage: 1399
doi: 10.25145/j.pasos.2015.13.096
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000377894200008
year: 2015
authors: Garcia-Cabrera, AM, Cuellar-Molina, D, Lucia-Casademunt, AM
title:
Institutional environment and job well-being on the governance of the tourism industry: a European study

docAbstract:
The distribution of wealth generated in the tourism industry among the labor force should be considered one out of the facets of the social tourism sustainability. Literature highlights that tourism firms' practices have an impact on labor well-being. However, it also warns that national institutions may condition the adoption of these practices by firms, and so institutions might become a challenge for well-being. This study analyzes the effect of institutions on well-being, and particularly it differentiates between employees and entrepreneurs as human resources in the tourism industry. The empirical analysis carried out on a sample of 1,352 employees and 302 entrepreneurs located in 27 European countries, confirms the direct effect of national institutions on well-being at work. Because institutions would have affect human resources' well-being, the tourism authorities should pay attention to the governance of this industry.


type: J
volume: 23
issue: 10
beginPage: 1426
endPage: 1444
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1044534
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000362782200002
year: 2015
authors: Jackson, LA, Singh, D, Parsa, HG
title:
Tourism firms' environmental rankings and financial performance: a multidimensional scaling approach

docAbstract:
The relationship between firms' environmental initiatives and financial performance continues to generate considerable interest. Despite the progress made in the study of this relationship, there is a paucity of research addressing tourism sector firms' simultaneous environmental and financial performance. This research sheds light on the link between tourism-related firms' environmental and financial performance. Results indicate that firms that performed well financially ranked higher on environmental initiatives. This suggests that firms' financial performance may influence environmental performance since firms with good financial performance are better able to allocate more resources to support environmental initiatives. However, since investments in environmental initiatives require financial and manpower resources, firms should only invest in such initiatives if resources are not diverted from core functions, since such actions could affect overall firm viability. Results also indicated that firms that have adopted green initiatives can be classified into four clearly defined categories: progressive firms, which includes firms that simultaneously excel on green initiatives and financial performance; repressive firms or those that perform poorly on both; aggressive firms or those that perform admirably financially but poorly on environmental initiatives; and green firms or firms that perform admirably on green initiatives but poorly financially.


type: J
volume: 54
issue: 6
beginPage: 744
endPage: 757
doi: 10.1177/0047287514535848
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000362530900005
year: 2015
authors: Zhang, Y, Cole, ST, Chancellor, CH
title:
Facilitation of the SUS-TAS Application with Parsimony, Predictive Validity, and Global Interpretation Examination

docAbstract:
The Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (SUS-TAS) has been widely recognized as a promising instrument for evaluating tourism sustainability. Scholars have successfully validated this scale across contexts. This study carries forward the fruitful outcomes of previous SUS-TAS studies by exploring some possible facilitations of the SUS-TAS application efficiency and scope. Using data from 11 Midwestern U.S. counties, this study (1) found a maximally parsimonious 20-item SUS-TAS that facilitates data collection efficiency without compromising the psychometrical properties, (2) verified SUS-TAS's predictive validity as in predicting residents' intention to engage in tourism planning at different levels, and (3) suggested that SUS-TAS is best interpreted by seven separate dimensions rather than a global factor. The extended applications and possible further refinements for the scale are also discussed.


type: J
volume: 20
issue: 7
beginPage: 822
endPage: 837
doi: 10.1080/10941665.2014.935453
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000357648300006
year: 2015
authors: Chan, W, Au, N, Wang, HL, Yao, Y, Jiang, YQ
title:
Converted Heat Pumps for Small- and Medium-Size Hospitality Enterprises: More Energy Saving and Commercialization

docAbstract:
Government officials have recently paid more attention to emissions produced by power plants and have called for more adoption of innovative energy-saving facilities. Among these energy-saving facilities, many scholars and governments have recommended using heat pumps. A heat pump is a kind of heat exchanging device capable of producing cooling and heating function or even hot water with energy-saving properties. Nevertheless, the principles and theories indicate that the heat pump functions should not be limited to a single functional mode at a time. It is possible to achieve bi-functional modes simultaneously via the heat recovery process. While some large heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems possess the dual functions simultaneously, this kind of bi-functional mode has not been available for the household size air-conditioner or heat pump. To prove this and check for its technical feasibility, a conversion of the existing household size air-conditioning system using the heat pump principle into the bi-functional mode was undertaken. Given over millions of small- and medium-size hospitality operators may benefit from it all over the world, a further investigation was undertaken in the second stage. Focus group interviews were conducted to identify the factors slowing and quickening the commercialization of the bi-functional mode type of the heat pump or air-conditioner with reference to network theory.


title: HIKING TRAILS EVALUATIION IN THE NATURAL PARK OF SERRAS DE AIRE E CANDEEIROS, PORTUGAL
type: J
volume: 6
issue: 2
beginPage: 139
endPage: 156
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000383272300008
year: 2015
authors: Carvalhinho, L, Rosa, P, Gomes, F
docAbstract:
The practice of hiking is one of the nature-based sports and active tourism that mobilizes more participants and also has more potential in terms of healthy lifestyles adoption and local sustainability. For this to become a reality; it is necessary to meet a set of requirements through quality standards, accessibility; and social responsibility. Thus, this study intends to perform a technical evaluation on the hiking trails of the Natural Park of Serras de Aires e Candeeiros, in order to contribute to the development and sustainability of this region. The sample was composed by the totality (n=16) of the hiking trails identified in the Nature-based Sports Map. The instrument used for data collection was the "Hiking Trails Technical Evaluation", validated for this purpose. The results indicated the typology of the main problems in each trail, considering the following dimensions: i) Trail (15.7%); ii) Marking (63.7%); iii); Conservation (15.7%); iv) Safety (4.8%). On the other hand, the severity index of the problems identified ranged from serious problems (4.4%) to problems with simple solutions (95.6%). The results showed the quality of the hiking trails studied, providing relevant information to the management entity, stakeholders, and general visitors.


title: CHALLENGING THE KEY ISSUES IN MEASURING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
type: J
volume: 27
issue: 1
beginPage: 63
endPage: 91
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000434888000004
year: 2015
authors: Krajinovic, V
docAbstract:
Contemporary society needs to consider the ways of dealing with changes in production, consumption, human interactions, environmental protection and other social and economic activities. Therefore, it seems reasonable to determine how these changes can be placed into the right perspective and how they could affect the global balance in terms of sustainable development. The process of measuring sustainable development is highly complex as it requires managing both different indicators and different fields and putting them all in the same equation. The main purpose of this research is to examine if the sustainability within a destination can be measured and if so, which model of measurement is best suited. The chosen model has been tested on a destination in Croatia and the results indicate that there is a possibility to measure the stage of sustainable development in a destination, but the crucial component of the process to define the appropriate indicators.


title: COMMUNICATING CSR IN THE ONLINE ENVIRONMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE ROMANIAN TOURISM DISTRIBUTION SECTOR
type: J
volume: 21
issue: 1
beginPage: 79
endPage: 94
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000438255600007
year: 2015
authors: Moisescu, OI
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which the largest Romanian travel agencies communicate their CSR practices and policies in the online environment, as reflected by the contents of their websites and social media pages, outlining the manner of this online disclosure within specific CSR domains. Design & methodology - The websites and social media pages of the largest Romanian travel agencies, in terms of net turnover, were analyzed considering several variables related to CSR communication/disclosure: having a CSR dedicated section, including CSR reports, emphasizing legal and economic responsibilities, and disclosing workforce, society, market, and environment oriented CSR actions or policies. Findings - The research reveals significant deficiencies and superficiality in communicating CSR in the online environment by the investigated organizations. Only 10% dedicate a section on their website to CSR, none of them include any form of CSR reports, while the most frequent CSR aspects comprised in their online domains can be categorized as market-oriented, service quality being the most emphasized facet, fair pricing and honest/transparent communication being also consistently outlined. Originality of the research - Research on how the members of the tourism distribution sector communicate CSR in the online environment with focus on Central and Eastern Europe has been extremely scarce. This paper's contribution consists in reducing this literature gap, bringing insights into CSR communication practices from the Central and Eastern European tourism distribution sector. Moreover, the proposed methodology for analyzing travel agencies' websites and social media pages can be further used in order to research the issue of online CSR communication in other regions or tourism sectors.


type: J
volume: 23
issue: 2
beginPage: 280
endPage: 293
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2014.953541
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000346769300006
year: 2015
authors: Baral, N
title:
Assessing the temporal stability of the ecotourism evaluation scale: testing the role and value of replication studies as a reliable management tool

docAbstract:
Developing scales is a critical step in monitoring and evaluating ecotourism to ensure sustainability. Replicating studies to test if scales are enduring in evaluating visitors' assessments of ecotourism is also essential to ensure reliability and credibility, and to track changes. This paper reports on a sample of 404 international visitors in Nepal's Annapurna Conservation Area, undertaken in 2012, to test for scale stability and change from a 2006 survey. The original scale was cross-validated by confirmatory factor analysis, and then mean-level change and rank-order stability of scale items were reported. There was strong support for the original factor model in the new sample; all items were loaded on a single construct; their loadings were statistically significant, the root-mean-square error of approximation was .076, the comparative fit index was .993, and the non-normed fit index was .987. Although a statistically significant decrease in the mean of scale items was found, the items' rank-ordering remained similar. The Spearman's rank-order correlation between factor loadings of 2006 and 2012 was .714 and statistically significant. Cronbach's alpha was .845, comparable to the previous alpha of .910. The ecotourism evaluation scale showed temporal consistency but also detected changes in visitors' attitudes requiring management attention.


type: J
volume: 23
issue: 3
beginPage: 455
endPage: 476
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2014.957207
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000350175100007
year: 2015
authors: Cao, X
title:
Challenges and potential improvements in the policy and regulatory framework for sustainable tourism planning in China: the case of Shanxi Province

docAbstract:
A sound policy and regulatory framework is essential in planning for sustainable tourism development. The paper examines opportunities and challenges for China's planning for sustainable tourism development from both policy and regulatory perspectives. Despite the enthusiasm for sustainable tourism, China's existing relevant policy and regulatory frameworks are generally fraught with contradictory objectives, and they are also often incoherent, have ambiguous legal provisions, and many organizations have duplicate responsibilities, unclear definitions of responsibilities, interlocking activities, and weak coordination due to the complicated institutional structure. Based on Shanxi Province, the paper explores the policy and regulatory issues affecting tourism and its sustainability, and it also assesses the possible options to foster an improved policy and regulatory framework for China's sustainable tourism development. A much stronger political will from all levels of government will be required to overcome a prevalent mindset for short-term economic growth and deep-rooted practices in pursuit of departmental benefits. It is also necessary for China and Shanxi under the new national tourism law to articulate and coordinate its laws and regulations with much improved supportive bylaws. Finally, more rational and effective institutional arrangements are needed, with clearly defined functions and responsibilities for government at varied levels.


title: THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF A TOURISM DESTINATION IN IRELAND: A FOCUS ON COUNTY CLARE
type: J
volume: 3
issue: 1
beginPage: 62
endPage: 87
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000433798500005
year: 2015
authors: Hanrahan, J, Conaghan, A, Mcloughlin, E
docAbstract:
Tourism destination management has significant importance in controlling many impacts of tourism, thus insuring its sustainability. Destination management requires the integration of different planning tools, approaches and concepts that help shape the management and daily operation of tourism related activities. This study examines the sustainable management of a tourism destination, focusing on County Clare, Ireland. Qualitative interviews were conducted with tourism stakeholders. Additionally a theoretical framework incorporating the various elements that emerged from the theory was also utilised to examine existing tourism strategies and plans. Stakeholders all agreed it would be an advantage to have a Destination Management Office (DMO) lead that would coordinate destination management. However, it was found many tourism visions lack consistency and a timeframe with only a few addressing sustainability itself. Also the multiple regulations and guidelines identified by the framework were not communicated effectively to both stakeholders and policy makers when managing tourism in County Clare.


type: J
volume: 11
beginPage: 176
endPage: 180
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000217925100015
year: 2015
authors: de Souza, AG
title:
` Hysteresis, Cultural Dimensions and the Image of the Sustainability of Tourism Destinations: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study between Brazil and the Netherlands


type: J
volume: 11
beginPage: 125
endPage: 146
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000217925100008
year: 2015
authors: Fong, SF, Lo, MC
title:
Community involvement and sustainable rural tourism development: perspectives from the local communities

docAbstract:
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between local communities' involvement and sustainable rural tourism development in the existing tourism industry in Kuching namely, Kampung Annah Rais and Kampung Darul Islam Belimbing. In tourism industry, the way how tourism stakeholders are pleased with mass tourism have been deeply affecting the achievement of sustainable rural tourism development. A questionnaire survey was carried out among the local communities who are currently staying and have been staying in these rural tourism destinations for more than a year. A sample of 113 usable questionnaires was obtained. Four hypotheses were developed regarding the effects of participation in decision making, knowledge sharing, empowerment, and community knowledge about tourism on social, cultural, economic, and environmental sustainability. The findings suggest that local communities' participation in decision making, empowerment, and community knowledge about tourism do affect the sustainability of rural tourism development. Interestingly, findings indicated that knowledge sharing does not show positive relationship on sustainable rural tourism development. It is believed that poor relationship among the tourism stakeholders influences the effectiveness of knowledge sharing. Suggestions for practical implications and future research are discussed further.


title: PLANNING FOR THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN IRELAND: A LOCAL AUTHORITY PERSPECTIVE
type: J
volume: 20
issue: 6
beginPage: 665
endPage: 676
doi: 10.3727/108354215X14464845878075
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000375115400008
year: 2015
authors: Hanrahan, J, Mcloughlin, E
docAbstract:
In this study, the authors investigate the level of local authority economic planning in Ireland. Every Irish local authority county development plan (CDP) was investigated, utilizing a content analysis approach to differentiate the levels of sustainable economic planning for tourism in 2014. Analysis has found that some local authorities seem to acknowledge tourism's potential for economic development and are developing plans based on this. In spite of this, further analysis reveals a lack of strong effective policies, strategies, economic indicators, and guidelines to sustainably manage the economic impacts of tourism. The findings from this article suggest that local authorities in Ireland still have a lot of work to do if they are to proactively plan to mitigate tourism's negative economic impacts and maximize the positive potential for all tourism stakeholders within the county parameters.


title: Evolving perspectives on tourism's interaction with nature during the last 40 years
type: J
volume: 40
issue: 2
beginPage: 133
endPage: 143
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2015.1039332
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453405800001
year: 2015
authors: Holden, A
docAbstract:
The aim of this retrospective is to evaluate the changing paradigms of tourism's relationship with nature over the last four decades. It is presented as one interpretation of this relationship not a definitive fait accompli. The period is characterized by an evolution of the society-nature relationship in response to environmental challenges never previously experienced. This includes a reassessment of 'nature' as both a social construction and scientific reality and a subsequent re-evaluation of our relationship to it, reflected in new paradigms including sustainability and environmental ethics. The paradox of tourism's relationship with the environment has simultaneously played out over the period, exemplified in its contemporary interpretations as a key sustainable industry of the green economy and a significant contributor to GHG emissions and global warming. The conflicting interpretations of tourism suggest that the principles and ethics of environmental discourse will be critical for evaluating the tourism and nature relationship. This connection will continue to evolve and tourism's increasing popularity and global economic importance ensures that it will have consequences for nature whilst providing a window into society's environmental values and attitudes.


type: J
volume: 12
issue: 1
beginPage: 99
endPage: 110
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2014.960598
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212853600008
year: 2015
authors: Montaguti, F, Mingotto, E
title:
Ecotourism in Natural Parks: An Assured Sustainable Success? Tourist Behavior, Attractiveness and Sustainable Development Issues in Two Italian Parks

docAbstract:
Ecotourism is assumed to have a great potential in fostering environmental sustainability and economic development in natural parks. However, since some experiences seem to demonstrate the opposite, several researchers are cautious about recognizing the potential and benefits of ecotourism. The paper aims at giving an explanation to the existence of these two conflicting views, by showing that an overestimation of the economic and environmental sustainability of ecotourism is often based either on a misunderstanding of tourist motivations and behavior or on a poor assessment of the parks' tourism attractiveness. By applying a productbased and place-specific approach to the assessment of ecotourism demand in two Italian Natural Parks, the paper aims at underlining how the study of ecotourists' behavior-and not intentions-and destination attractiveness leads to a safer and more realistic estimation and evaluation. Therefore, the findings discussed in the paper should prevent Park Managers to make precipitate decisions about the future development plan of a natural area. The findings highlight that the role of ecotourism in contributing to the local economy and to the environmental sustainability is not to be taken for granted, but assessed according to the specific destination and tourism demand.


type: J
volume: 7
issue: 4
beginPage: 347
endPage: 366
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-03-2015-0008
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214510100004
year: 2015
authors: Munjal, PG
title:
The potential of a participatory approach in sustaining the fairs and festivals of small towns The case of Sohna, Haryana

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the issues and potential in using the participatory approach to help sustain the fairs and festivals of small and medium towns and tap into their tourism potential. Design/methodology/approach - An annual fair held in Sohna, a small town of Haryana, part of the District Gurgaon that has shown an exponential decadal urban growth rate, has been taken as a case to reflect on the context of small towns in India. Findings - Due to out-migration and weakening of local indigenous population and change in occupation patterns, there is threat to continuity of the fairs and festivals. The processes revolving around the urban fairs and festivals are driven though participation of various local stakeholders and mechanisms; hence, any attempts at strengthening or sustaining these need to stem from understanding of the various participants and their roles. Practical implications - An understanding of the possibilities and issues in organising the fairs and festivals through stakeholder engagement can help develop solutions to sustain these, enabling cultural continuity and positive economic impact on the various stakeholders. Originality/value - This paper creates a discussion on sustaining the little known cultural wealth of small and medium towns in Haryana among all local and external stakeholders with focus on fairs and festivals.


type: J
volume: 7
issue: 5
beginPage: 440
endPage: 452
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-06-2015-0025
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214511200003
year: 2015
authors: Mura, P, Sharif, SP
title:
Exploring rural tourism and sustainability in Southeast Asia through the lenses of official tourism websites A benchmarking exercise

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to report the findings of a benchmarking exercise among official tourism websites of five Southeast Asian countries. website benchmarking, namely, a strategy used to evaluate and compare website quality, has been widely used within the context of tourism studies. Yet there is a relative lack of information concerning best practices for official tourism websites as a form of promoting rural tourism and sustainability. Design/methodology/approach - By using a qualitative approach, a group of six tourism researchers were invited to evaluate official tourism websites of Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines for user-friendliness, site attractiveness, marketing attractiveness and provision of information on rural tourism and sustainability. Findings - Overall, the evaluations provided by the researchers indicated that in general, the Indonesian and Malaysian websites were always perceived as the best options compared to the Thai, Philippine and Vietnamese online platforms, mainly due to their visual appeal. However, this study also highlighted that the information about rural tourism products in all the websites evaluated was regarded as being very limited. Furthermore, the variety and diversity of respondents' opinions showed that subjective components played a role in the interpretation of the websites. Practical implications - Based on the findings of this study, three main recommendations have been suggested to assist tourism websites' designers to design more impactful websites. Originality/value - The novelty of this study lies in the consideration of websites as interactional and dialectical narratives whose meanings are produced, negotiated or challenged by the users.


title: DETERMINING IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTS FOR MOUNTAIN DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT
type: J
volume: 26
issue: 2
beginPage: 103
endPage: 129
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000434887400003
year: 2014
authors: Mihalic, T, Kuscer, K
docAbstract:
Mountain destinations are increasingly seeking their development opportunities in tourism. In order to keep pace with rapidly changing situations, it is necessary to determine the environments that contribute to sustainable tourism development. The purpose of this paper is to determine the elements and factors of destination environments that are important for mountain destination development. A literature-based list of possible elements was sent to tourism managers and researchers who evaluated their importance for mountain destination development. Factor analysis was then conducted, using only the important elements. The identified factors are: technological environment, socio-cultural environment, natural environment and political and legal environment. The economic environment was not identified among these factors, and the paper examines the reasons for its absence. This research provides more in-depth knowledge to both academics and stakeholders in mountain destinations. It provides information to mountain destination managers about which factors in environments help advance sustainable destination development.


title: AN ETHIC CODE FOR EUROPEAN HOTELS: THE TWO SIDES OF THE COIN
type: J
volume: 5
issue: 3
beginPage: 11
endPage: 31
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000219068000002
year: 2014
authors: Eurico, ST, Oliveira, F, Hoefnagels, H
docAbstract:
Proposing a practical implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism on the hospitality sector, this paper raises implementation issues regarding the Global Code according to different realities from six different countries. Using examples from chain hotels and family hotels from Belgium, France, Denmark, Lithuania, Portugal and Spain, it outlines best practices and key success factors considering the Europe 2020 declaration about sustainable, smart and inclusive growth. Existing literature assumes ethic codes as voluntary instruments to achieve a more sustainable tourism, providing a set of written statements corresponding to a checklist of actions that are - or not - appropriate to follow in order to achieve sustainability objectives. Empirical research has scarcely been conducted to assess the situation on the ground. The study answers this gap and combines results led by six Higher Education Institutions which directly participated in the project. Regarding best practices, chain hotels nancial capacity, in particular in relation to the introduction of new technologies to improve nership with other stakeholders, as they can not afford it by themselves.


type: J
volume: 12
issue: 3
beginPage: 549
endPage: 563
doi: 10.25145/j.pasos.2014.12.041
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212579800005
year: 2014
authors: Goulding, R, Horan, E, Tozzi, L
title:
The importance of sustainable tourism in reversing the trend in the economic downturn and population decline of rural communities

docAbstract:
Across the world there is an ever increasing trend of human migration from rural areas and in particular small settlements to urban centres. Migration to urban centres is most prevalent in the young adult age groups, which affects traditional industries such as agriculture and associated services, and thus threatens the sustainability of rural settlements. In some rural towns, a decline in population and agriculture has led to their social and economic deterioration. This paper presents small settlements, two in Italy and two in Australia, which have leveraged locality very effectively to develop a thriving tourist industry. The study provides a comparison and evaluation of data on visitor numbers and tourism expenditure in these regions demonstrating success and growth trends. It is shown how various industries other than tourism often in conjunction with unique characteristics or assets of an area create a major draw card for tourists. Thus providing significant economic, social and environmental benefits to these areas.


type: J
volume: 12
issue: 3
beginPage: 525
endPage: 538
doi: 10.25145/j.pasos.2014.12.039
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212579800003
year: 2014
authors: Taylor, E, Daye, M, Kneafsey, M, Barrett, H
title:
Exploring cultural connectedness in the sustainability of rural community tourism development in Jamaica

docAbstract:
The focus of research into the sustainability of rural community tourism in Jamaica often gravitates toward the economic, environmental, political and management components. This ethnographic study explores how two distinctive groups - the Charles Town Maroons, descendants of slavery resistance fighters and the Seaford Town Germans, descendants of indentured labourers from Germany - are exploiting their culture by way of rural community tourism to fashion new livelihood streams. The discussion offers unique insights into how the concept of horizontal and vertical cultural connectedness can add to an understanding of how locals are drawing on their past to generate intangible and tangible cultural tourism products. It further highlights the meanings culture holds for rural inhabitants in relation to sense of place, identity and the development of sustainable rural community tourism.


type: J
volume: 53
issue: 2
beginPage: 167
endPage: 182
doi: 10.1177/0047287513496469
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000330272500004
year: 2014
authors: Warnken, J, Guilding, C
title:
Quo Vadis Gold Coast? A Case Study Investigation of Strata Titled Tourism Accommodation Densification and Issues Arising

docAbstract:
This destination-wide, longitudinal case analysis provides an examination of the growth of strata titled tourism accommodation (STTA) on Australia's Gold Coast. The observations signify that the first decade of the 21st century has seen a continuing amplification of the dominance of STTA developments on the Gold Coast. Data supportive of the view that an attempt to consolidate an old STTA complex into a larger rejuvenated tourism complex can become an insurmountable challenge is also provided. Noting the extent to which this challenge can jeopardize the long-term sustainability of a tourism destination core that has a high STTA density, has resulted in the development of a provocative analogy that likens STTA intensification to the growth stages of cancer.


type: J
volume: 26
issue: 1
beginPage: 18
endPage: 34
doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-03-2012-0039
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000330258700003
year: 2014
authors: O'Gorman, KD, Alexander, MJ, Beveridge, E, MacLaren, AC
title:
"Responsible drinkers create all the atmosphere of a mortuary" Policy implementation of responsible drinking in Scotland

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the reaction of customer facing staff and their attitude to the introduction of high profile corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes; in particular their level of awareness and willingness to implement them. Design/methodology/approach - Conducted using a series of site visits and interviews with managers working within the licensed trade, this was followed up with structured interviews of "front line" staff. Findings - Despite high levels of awareness of both the social problems relating to alcohol consumption and the legislative changes, engagement with operational CSR was limited and often disinterested. Legal and societal expectations regarding drunkenness are of little concern. Research limitations/implications - This paper is concerned with nascent legislation, the full impact and success of which has not yet emerged. Reviewing this study in five years would add to the strength of the results. Limited to Scotland due to its devolved licensing laws, however, it clearly highlights lack of employee engagement with CSR. Practical implications - Despite placing CSR issues at the forefront of day to day operations within the licensed trade there is little empirical evidence around customer facing staff engagement. CSR is a dynamic process that relies on the involvement of employees for its successful implementation. Originality/value - A new CSR implementation matrix is presented which allows hospitality businesses to be positioned according to levels of both management and employee engagement with CSR policies.


type: J
volume: 6
issue: 4
beginPage: 352
endPage: 361
doi: 10.1108/WHATT-01-2014-0005
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214504400005
year: 2014
authors: Anthonisz, A
title:
Assessing the future of housekeeping operations in Dubai's five-star hotel industry room for innovation?

docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the need for innovation as a means of competitive advantage in the housekeeping (HK) department of five-star hotels in Dubai and consider how the nature of the industry in the region provides particular challenges. Design/methodology/approach - An initial White Paper produced by Amadeus served as the stimulus to conduct a preliminary literature review of innovation in the field of hospitality. The application of innovation was then considered via a content analysis of web sites in Dubai to identify potential candidates for interview. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Senior Housekeeping Executives in two internationally recognized chain hotels in Dubai to better understand whether there is a need for innovation, what types of innovation are important within these HK departments and understand the potential challenges confronting senior managers in fostering innovative practices. Findings - The key results of this study provide interesting insights into the problems of developing and managing innovation within HK operations, highlighting the issues that exist as potential barriers to innovation in terms of the organizational culture and the ownership structure within the industry in Dubai. The research also highlights the fact that much of the innovation introduced within the HK department is focused on utilization of technology and is very much " output"-orientated in terms of improving customer service and creating operational efficiencies. Research limitations/implications - The paper profiles the potential problems confronting the HK department when it comes to identifying and adopting innovation. The paper also highlights the ever-changing nature of the organizational culture and the ownership structure in the five-star hotel industry in Dubai as a critical influence in terms of the perceived importance of innovation as a success factor for the future. Originality/value - The study is the first in a series of research papers that explores the relationship between key stakeholders in the hospitality industry in Dubai as the customer demand alters and they try to identify and implement innovative ideas and concepts that provide return on investment, increased customer satisfaction, sustainability and competitive advantage. It is the first paper that identifies the context and the current internal and external environments and the drivers within the industry in Dubai (five-star) hotels with a particular focus on 2020. This is within an industry that is showing evidence of change management within the customization of the hotel build and specification, and within the adaption of IT, but is looking for innovation within the application of ideas into industry processes.


title: DESTINY OF DESTINATIONS: CAN TDM HELP?
type: J
volume: 6
issue: 1
beginPage: 6
endPage: 32
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000219223000002
year: 2014
authors: Bacsi, Z, Kovacs, E, Loke, Z, Horvath, K
docAbstract:
Tourism destination management (TDM) is a popular catchword of current tourism research. A research, co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Croatia IPA Cross-border Co-operation Programme, within the project 'Health & Rural Tourism DM Model' (project no.: HUHR/1101/2.1.3/0006), was carried out in 2013 to analyse the specialities of TDM in health tourism destinations, the physical and human resources of such destinations, aspects of sustainability and competitiveness, the main factors of success. Primary data were collected by surveys and interviews carried out in six spa towns of Western Hungary. The main findings indicated, that the major natural natural endowment is medicinal water in the research area, tourism infrastructure and superstructure are sufficient, although the range of services, and marketing of health tourism services should be improved. Destination management organisations perform least efficiently in attracting investors. The attitudes of stakeholders of the tourism sector towards the idea of TDM differ, while in less successful destinations they are more inclined to cooperate this way, they are rather reluctant to do so in successful destinations. Assessing the traits of tourism service providers, the natural assets, the local community and the targeted tourist segments a general model of health tourism destinations is outlined by the four componenets of the well-known VICE model.


title: Leisure parks from the Spanish universal and international exhibitions
type: J
volume: 37
issue: 1
beginPage: 38
endPage: 57
doi: 10.1080/07053436.2014.881091
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000211017100003
year: 2014
authors: Ballester, P
docAbstract:
Spain has a long tradition of organizing international exhibitions. Our analysis is based on archival research on the exhibitions of Barcelona (1888 and 1929) and Seville (1929, 1992) as well as a study of the international exhibitions of 2004 in Barcelona and 2008 in Saragossa. The legitimacy of large-scale amusement parks is based on the quality of the public spaces created and the parks' willingness to create places of both memory and innovation. Recreation contributes to the creation of a sustainable city by the imposition of an urban nature privatizing major parts of the city. New public spaces of quality are emerging, based on biomimicry and landscape-ecological urbanism. These spaces lack legitimacy because they are perceived as artificial and expensive despite rising attendance. Regarding large-scale landscape work, this is seen as being positive but in search of a new identity and sustainability.


type: J
volume: 17
issue: 3
beginPage: 267
endPage: 280
doi: 10.1080/11745398.2014.937346
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000211554100003
year: 2014
authors: Higgins-Desbiolles, F, Moskwa, E, Gifford, S
title:
The restaurateur as a sustainability pedagogue: the case of Stuart Gifford and Sarah's Sister's Sustainable Cafe

docAbstract:
With the popularity of celebrity chefs, television cooking shows, gastronomic holidays and food festivals, it is clear that people's engagement with food is developing into a significant social phenomena. People are searching for ways to secure sustainable and ethical foods and are open to learning new possibilities. This article provides a case study analysis of the work of Stuart Gifford, a long-term sustainability advocate, restaurateur and urban activist. Gifford currently is co-owner of Sarah's Sister's Sustainable Cafe. This restaurant features sustainability in the design principles and management of the enterprise. Gifford's commitment to sustainability advocacy and teaching permeates not only the business but is also a life commitment as he undertakes initiatives such as fostering an external eco-market, creating sustainability events associated with a major metropolitan festival, community activism and political advocacy. This article analyses the import of Gifford's efforts. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this article presents rich insights into the ways in which running a sustainable cafe can be read as a cultural pedagogy. Employing Giroux's theory of culture as pedagogy, Gifford's work through Sarah's Sister's is considered as an alternative cultural pedagogy intended to counter the destructive pedagogy of neoliberalism and its attendant cultural values.


title: Film tourism and ecotourism: mutually exclusive or compatible?
type: J
volume: 8
issue: 2
beginPage: 194
endPage: 202
doi: 10.1108/IJCTHR-09-2013-0064
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213928600008
year: 2014
authors: Sakellari, M
docAbstract:
Purpose - This paper aims to look at the relationship between film tourism and ecotourism and questions whether the two are compatible or mutually exclusive. Design/methodology/approach - Entertainment films are making a deep impact on international tourism development, with popular movies playing an increasingly influential role in tourists' choice of holiday destination. Areas with high natural value are frequently used as film locations, their image as a nature-loving escape paradise emerges and is coincided with a growth of film-induced visitors, willing to participate in nature-based activities. Tourism has always been a fundamental component of the areas of high natural value concept, and with this unparalled growth of the film tourism and ecotourism, it was inevitable that one day they will meet and interact in natural areas. This paper provides case studies where filmic intervention shapes tourist nature-loving imaginings, triggers ecotourism activities but also raises environmental concern of locals, and films like The Beach (2000) and Deliverance (1972) and the TV series Pride and Prejudice (1996) are subject to discussion. Findings - In many cases, the natural areas have not the carrying capacity to cope with large increases in film-induced visitors, and this results in a number of possible undesirable consequences, from the loss of privacy to the destruction of the natural environment. This paper suggests that film tourism and ecotourism are compatible if tourism policy planners follow strategies, such as environmental education initiatives, that engage film tourism stakeholders and the film industry in creating solutions to environmental challenges. Originality/value - Film tourism planning hasn't yet focused on the tools for environmentally sound management of a destination. This paper argues that film tourism literature needs to develop marketing and policy perspectives to inform appropriate environmental management of film tourism planning and enhance environmental sustainability of a destination.


title: Is Tourism a Luxury: Can We Do Without?
type: J
volume: 39
issue: 2
beginPage: 221
endPage: 233
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453402800005
year: 2014
authors: Theuns, HL
docAbstract:
To be able to say something sensible about the question whether or not tourism is a necessity or a form of luxury the determinants of the demand for 'recreational' travel and the characteristics of (the demand for) luxury are analyzed In the demand for travel attention is given to the income and price elasticity and the impact of physiological, psychological and social variables acting as push factors for the emergence of generic demand. The distinction made by Harrod (1958) between democratic wealth and oligarchic wealth is amongst others applied to identify degrees of luxury. Further, the phenomenon of preference drift and reference drift as defined by Van Praag (cited in Pen 1984) is discussed in view of the net gains from increased income and consumption and the paper questions the rationality of the existing societal choice of work and leisure showing a strong preference for income over leisure time. It is shown that in the post World War II period a discussion on making another choice between work and leisure is a recurrent theme. The article analyzes how tourism may be affected by changes in the wider socioeconomic and political environment, such as ideas on social righteousness and income distribution, the environmental impact of travel and the possible future dictates of sustainability by investigating the degree to which tourism responds to basic needs and is considered a necessity, or conversely may be considered as a luxury that we can do without.


title: Re-imagining the sustainability narrative in US cities
type: J
volume: 7
issue: 3
beginPage: 189
endPage: 205
doi: 10.1108/JPMD-03-2014-0005
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213935100002
year: 2014
authors: Zavattaro, SM
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore how US cities are communicating a sustainability narrative. Based on an analysis, cities are using a sustainability narrative focusing on environmental sustainability and consumption. Critical theory is introduced as a means to imagine alternative narratives. Design/methodology/approach - Exploratory in nature, this study relied on qualitative media analysis to analyze documents and images gathered from 22 US city websites. Critical theory is then introduced to provide a conceptual way forward from the status quo narrative form. Findings - Cities are utilizing environmental narratives largely, rather than including social and economic interests inherent within holistic sustainability practices. Moreover, cities are promoting sustainability as consumption, a practice that is inherently not sustainable. Critical theory explains that marketers are relying on the "status quo" when it comes to crafting a sustainability narrative. Practical implications - Destination marketing managers can think outside of given narratives to create their own sustainability stories that might help the place achieve a competitive advantage. Originality/value - Knowledge into sustainability marketing practices is extended by revealing a consumption narrative and utilizing critical theory to move beyond this status quo.


type: J
volume: 8
beginPage: 114
endPage: 125
doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2013.09.003
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000217965400013
year: 2013
authors: Read, M
title:
Socio-economic and environmental cost-benefit analysis for tourism products - A prototype tool to make holidays more sustainable

docAbstract:
A credible socio-economic and environmental cost-benefit tool for tourism products has been lacking, despite many significant potential values, the huge impact of tourismproductsworldwide, and the increasingly successful application of such tools in other sectors. This paper describes development and trial of a prototype tool for holiday products that could determine the circumstances in which overall benefits of tourism outweigh burdens. Use of the prototype tool indicates that many current flight-based holiday products may have a net negative impact, but significant positive difference could be achieved through choosing shorter-haul or flight-free holidays, hotelswith less leakage fromthe local economy and less non-recycled waste, and fewer but longer holidayswith increasing daily discretionary spend. Further development could produce a robust cost-benefit tool for tourism products that could help the industry with 'choice editing' and identifying sustainability issues requiring closer attention. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


title: Global Sports Commodity Chains and Asia's New Interregional Division of Labour
type: J
volume: 30
issue: 11
beginPage: 1299
endPage: 1314
doi: 10.1080/09523367.2013.793178
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000324000900009
year: 2013
authors: Manzenreiter, W
docAbstract:
The Asian economic region has become centrally important to the sporting goods industry for two main reasons. First, Asia is emerging as an increasingly important sales market for the global sporting goods industry, and second, it is supplying the vast majority of sporting goods to the global athletics market. Using key data combined with case studies of global sporting goods brands positioned centrally in production networks, I will provide quantitative insight into the global sporting goods market and the role of Asian capital and Asian labour. There is clear evidence that the development of shifting production networks to and within Asia can be traced back to state initiatives and the context of international political economy. However, these shifts are increasingly processed and transformed by corporate players for their very own interests. My analysis situates the newly established patterns of intraregional labour division in the production of sporting goods into the contexts of the regional economic integration, Asian modernities and general assumptions about the sustainability of export-driven growth.


title: Major League Baseball and the Dominican Republic: What is in the best interest of the players?
type: J
volume: 16
issue: 2
beginPage: 236
endPage: 241
doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2012.04.001
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000334968500010
year: 2013
authors: Bouchet, A, Peachey, JW, Troilo, M
docAbstract:
This case is about Major League Baseball and the Dominican Republic. We explore how Major League Baseball has used this Caribbean island as an inexpensive labor market and the social problems of the situation. Specifically, we examine Corporate Social Responsibility, the leadership of Sandy Alderson, ethics and the various stakeholders involved. We also look into possible reform alternatives while addressing the central question: What is in the best interest of the players? (C) 2012 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 2
beginPage: 124
endPage: 140
doi: 10.1057/pb.2013.10
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000415265400007
year: 2013
authors: Garcia, MDD, Horlings, L, Swagemakers, P, Fernandez, XS
title:
Place branding and endogenous rural development. Departure points for developing an inner brand of the River Minho estuary

docAbstract:
Place branding holds a promising contribution to sustainable territorial development and requires changes in the social organisation of places, which implies complex transitional processes towards new management regimes. This article explores place branding of the River Minho estuary in the borderland of Portugal and Spain. It deals with the tension between creating a brand, enhancing market development and sustainable (endogenous) development. The central question is: 'How to develop a successful inner brand in the context of a geographically peripheral area facing severe ecological, social and economic vulnerabilities?'. In the case study, area rural dwellers, entrepreneurs and representatives of institutions represent contrasting viewpoints on innovation, ecosystem coordination and economic progress, viewpoints that point to power issues on control over the natural environment, but also provide input for the development of a common strategic vision or connective storyline. This article provides a 'tool' for sustainable development in this vulnerable estuary and contributes to our understanding of how place branding - as a means to create place distinctiveness and attractiveness - can be combined with an endogenous approach in vulnerable peripheral areas. Such an approach fits with the EU objectives of sustainable, inclusive and smart growth and an increasing focus on place-based development.


title: Approaching value added planning in the green environment
type: J
volume: 6
issue: 2
beginPage: 144
endPage: 154
doi: 10.1108/JPMD-04-2012-0011a
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213930300005
year: 2013
authors: Cilliers, EJ, Timmermans, W
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to link economic value to urban green spaces to enhance the value of green urban spaces, along with the added benefit it can offer to the urban environment. Design/methodology/approach - As part of the VALUE project (Valuing Attractive Landscapes in the Urban Economy, made possible by INTERREG IVB North West Europe, European Regional Development Fund, European Territorial Cooperation, 2007-2013), this development approach was designed to enhance the planning of qualitative urban spaces by linking an economic value to green urban spaces, to enhance value and meaning. Findings - Based on case studies conducted in The Netherlands, the approach proves that by linking an economic value to green urban spaces, space is considered differently, authorities tend to prioritize these spaces and additional spinoffs realize. Research limitations/implications - The notion of green-value is subjective and differs between users, experts and between locations. Practical implications - The paper provides local authorities with a new approach to spatial planning, considering the economic value of green urban spaces. Social implications - The paper transforms the way in which green urban spaces are valued and planned; by realizing the intrinsic value of green urban spaces, in terms of social, environmental and economic benefit. Originality/value - The Value Added Planning approach stresses the need for qualitative planning processes that will enhance future economic value and sustainable development initiatives. The green environment is hard to quantify in terms of economic value, but it is this intrinsic value that can provide future benefit and sustainability in terms of place management and development.


type: J
volume: 38
issue: 3
beginPage: 311
endPage: 324
doi: 10.1080/02508281.2013.11081756
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000453399400004
year: 2013
authors: De, UK
title:
Sustainable Nature-based Tourism, Involvement of Indigenous Women and Development: A Case of North-East lndia

docAbstract:
Nature-based tourism is an important source of livelihood of the indigenous tribal society of North-East India including Meghalaya, where a substantial number of women have been involved in various tourism related hospitality and business activities along with their male counterparts. Here, the development of scope of employment and income in the growing hospitality sector and transport business with the growing demand by the nature loving tourists has created a scope for their livelihood through sustainable environmental management. This paper tries to explore how a substantial section of indigenous women population of North-East India manage their livelihood through the growing nature-based tourism activities and the maintenance of nature itself. It is examined on the basis of empirical observation through a primary survey conducted in three prime tourist sites in Meghalaya. The multiplier result suggests that though women are mostly involved in relatively inferior occupations and earn less per capita, they are more benefitted from the growth of tourism in the area.


type: J
volume: 18
issue: 6
beginPage: 663
endPage: 676
doi: 10.3727/108354213X13824558188668
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213850400004
year: 2013
authors: Dinica, V
title:
INTERNATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY AGREEMENTS: ARE THEY POLITICALLY INFLUENTIAL FOR TOURISM GOVERNANCE INNOVATIONS?

docAbstract:
Political decision makers have significant roles to play in supporting or undermining the sustainability of tourism development nationally. To investigate their contributions to governance innovations, this article suggests a meta-conceptualization of governance in the form of Societal Hardwares -(institutions/laws/strategies/policies) interacting with Societal Processes (psychological/policy oriented/ political/social/economic/organizational). This article addresses a question that has not received so far any scholarly attention, namely whether the international sustainability agreements concluded in Rio de Janeiro (1992) and Johannesburg (2002) have generated meaningful innovations in the governance of national tourism sectors, able to facilitate their sustainable development. Drawing on sociopsychology literature, this article proposes to differentiate among three groups of mechanisms that may influence the decision-making patterns and outcomes of political actors: Persuasion, Constraining, and Enabling Mechanisms. The research question is investigated empirically by means of the case study approach, looking at the political implementation processes by Parliament and Government in the Netherlands. The challenge for governance innovation addressed is that of horizontal policy integration across four policy domains: environmental protection, nature conservation, recreation, and tourism. The international agreements are assessed as having the effect of Persuasion Mechanisms on both political decision makers. Content-wise they were politically influential for Parliament but not for Government, who failed to adopt adequate governance innovations.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 1
beginPage: 50
endPage: 80
doi: 10.1080/19388160.2013.756770
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000435279000003
year: 2013
authors: Heung, VCS, Pun, PSK
title:
Dimensions of Environmentalism: A Study of Policies and Good Practices in the Hong Kong Hotel Industry

docAbstract:
This study aims to uncover the dimensions of an effective environmental management system in the Hong Kong hotel industry. The approach adopted was qualitative, using research methods mainly based on in-depth interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. In-depth interviews with directors of engineering and environmental management system managers of leading representative hotels in Hong Kong and on-site inspections were carried out to ascertain the extent of environmental protection measures implemented in their "green" management. The interviews provided insights into the efforts made by local hotels in various areas of environmentalism. The results from this study indicate that there are five dimensions of environmentalism in the Hong Kong hotel industry: energy efficiency, water conservation, water pollution control, waste management, and indoor air quality. For an environmental management system to be implemented successfully, an organization's short- and long-term green strategies are crucial, and they need to be executed by a competent team leader with appropriate resources and funding. Building design, green purchasing, staff training, and communication with guests are the core competencies to enforce policies and good practice. The implications of the study's findings are discussed here, and recommendations are made on how the hotel industry can contribute to environmental sustainability of the whole planet.


type: J
volume: 5
issue: 2
beginPage: 52
endPage: 66
doi: 10.4087/FOUNDATIONREVIEW-D-12-00024.1
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000409018500003
year: 2013
authors: Linkins, KW, Frost, LE, Boober, BH, Brya, JJ
title:
Moving From Partnership to Collective Accountability and Sustainable Change: Applying a Systems-Change Model to Foundations' Evolving Roles


title: Analysis of seasonal employment in travel agencies in Montenegro
type: J
volume: 60
issue: 2
beginPage: 213
endPage: 222
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000213664400005
year: 2012
authors: Vucetic, A
docAbstract:
One of the main challenges in tourism of the 21st century is how to achieve sustainability of employment in the tourism and travel industry. Problem is very complex, especially today, when the global economic crisis and recession is an ongoing process in almost all countries and when governments expect tourism sector to alleviate high rate of unemployment. The problem is even more complex when travel agencies are concerned, especially for in-bound travel agencies in small tourism destinations, which have prominent seasonal concentration of demand, such as Montenegro. If the recession does not last long, employment of the part-time, seasonal workers at the expense of full-time workers can ensure growth of travel agencies and improve their performances and, thus, competitive advantage. Also, it is necessary to continuously analyze the problems regarding seasonal employment, through measures and activities of tourism and business policies as well as to prevent worsening of the problem through measures and activities in the field of formal and non-formal education. In Montenegro today, seasonal employment is a significant factor in improving the competitiveness of human resource and travel agencies overall, but in the mid to long-term seasonal employment could become one of the major limitations of development thresholds of travel agencies, if something is not changed in the policy of lifelong learning and additional employment.


type: J
volume: 8
issue: 2
beginPage: 119
endPage: 132
doi: 10.1057/pb.2012.3
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000415263700004
year: 2012
authors: Jansson, D
title:
Branding Aland, branding Alanders: Reflections on place identity and globalization in a Nordic archipelago

docAbstract:
The process commonly called globalization is associated with, among other things, an increasing economic connectedness and dependence between places, as well as the long-distance migration of people from and to all corners of the world. The analysis in this article considers these two ways in which economic globalization brings the world together by relating these processes to two different senses of the word brand : place branding (defined as 'competitive identity') and what we may call social branding, or the construction of social identities based on ethnic appearance. It does so by considering the case of the Aland Islands, a Swedish-speaking, autonomous region belonging to Finland. The article attempts to offer insights into some of the ways in which competitive identity can be linked with a kind of social change (represented by the notion of 'brand promise') that increases tolerance and inclusiveness. Through its comprehensive nature (linking culture, identity and economy) and its focus on behavior, the notion of competitive identity allows us to see how 'place branding' might open up 'possibilities for becoming' that reflect evolutions in the ways in which Alanders define themselves; the concept also ties such evolutions in identity to the broader economic activities that help to produce a place's image and that set the stage for future economic activity.


title: ADVANCING SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN FILM TOURISM
type: J
volume: 16
issue: 2
beginPage: 89
endPage: 100
doi: 10.3727/154427212X13485031583812
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214359300002
year: 2012
authors: Buchmann, A
docAbstract:
Film tourism research has produced numerous case studies but little theoretical development. As an example, many film tourism studies report social impacts and further sustainability issues in a trend mirroring the wider tourism literature. This article presents a theoretical approach analyzing the potential and realization of sustainable film tourism. It introduces the notions of social sustainability and discusses its adaptation, concentrating on the case studies of Whale Rider and Lord of the Rings tourism. For this, the study also refers to literature and previous case studies into organizations demonstrating sustainable vision and/or behavior in the contemporary New Zealand film tourism industry. The article argues the need to adapt currently existing frameworks to film tourism theory and practice.


title: Managing guest security in a high-violence society The case of the Jamaican hospitality industry
type: J
volume: 4
issue: 1
beginPage: 32
endPage: 47
doi: 10.1108/17554211211198570
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000214494800004
year: 2012
authors: Cowell, NM, McDavid, H, Saunders, TS
docAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore security management in the hospitality sector of Jamaica. Design/methodology approach - The paper is based on a combination of available documentary sources and in-depth interviews conducted with key players in the fields of law enforcement, security management and hospitality in Jamaica. Findings - Jamaica's image as a tourism destination has been severely damaged by reports of its high murder rates. With the exception of tourism harassment however, visitors to the island are largely unaffected by crime. This outcome is not accidental; rather it is the result of a social consensus combined with a well-articulated, comprehensive, long-term crime management strategy involving multiple stakeholders ranging from the level of government to the individual hospitality establishment. Despite these positives however, the paper expresses serious doubts about the sustainability of the existing tourism and hospitality model. Research limitations/ implications - The study is qualitative in nature and focuses on the hospitality sector in the major commercial centre and one of the major resort centres. Both have been characterised by high levels of criminal violence in the last decade. As such the results may offer important insights into crime management and tourism development but cannot be generalised. Practical implications - The paper carries significant implications for policy in that it analyses the challenges of security management in a tourism destination marked by severe and complex and social contradictions. Originality/ value - Despite the enormity of the public discourse on the impact of crime on tourism, there has been little scholarly analysis of the challenges of security management in an environment marked simultaneously by extreme tourism dependence and extreme levels of criminal violence. Keywords Crimes, Security, Hospitality, Tourism, Squatter settlement, Jamaica


type: J
volume: 3
issue: 5
beginPage: 96
endPage: 108
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000215647000008
year: 2012
authors: Curiazi, R
title:
The Sustainability between Society and Environment: the European Project "ERNEST" in the Province of Rimini

docAbstract:
The strong impact over the environment generated by tourism, can produce problems quite difficult to overcome, and which directly involve host communities. These problems have made it necessary reaching a balance between the autonomous development of tourist destinations and the preservation of environment, integrating the attention to sustainability into the tourist activities and into the tourist policies. In this brief work, the main results of the study conducted in the Province of Rimini within the European Project ERNEST will be described, and we will introduce the importance of the "social dialogue" as a tool to boost the participation in decision-making processes of all actors interested on the local touristic project. This can lead to an effective monitoring system of the tourist development, useful to find more sustainable ways to develop the territory, also helping to prevent the destination's decline that occurs when host communities' "limits of acceptance" towards tourism are exceeded, and indentifying new sustainable scenarios for the future of the destination.


type: J
volume: 9
issue: 3
beginPage: 309
endPage: 320
doi: 10.1080/21568316.2012.688067
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212836200006
year: 2012
authors: Gunsoy, E, Hannam, K
title:
Conflicting Perspectives of Residents in the Karpaz Region of Northern Cyprus towards Tourism Development

docAbstract:
The development of tourism has recently emerged as a key factor for the remote Karpaz region of Northern Cyprus. Due to its relatively unspoilt nature and well-preserved traditional lifestyle, community tourism was chosen as the most appropriate product for the regional Northern Cyprus government. This research explores community tourism development in the Karpaz region and evaluates its sustainability by taking into consideration the needs, expectations and concerns of community residents. A qualitative methodological research approach was employed and the study found that there are significant conflicting attitudes between different community residents towards tourism development due to the cultural differences between Turkish settlers and Turkish Cypriot residents. It is concluded that the changing nature of the community due to the migrations from the mainland constitutes both a significant opportunity and threat for the sustainability of the social and cultural identity of Northern Cyprus in terms of its real and imagined "Cypriotness".


title: Simulation model for a joint mass/rural tourism system
type: J
volume: 12
issue: 1
beginPage: 5
endPage: 14
doi: 10.1177/1467358411429525
sourceIdentifier: WOS:000212210700002
year: 2012
authors: Hernandez, JM, Casimiro, LA
docAbstract:
This paper presents a dynamic model representing the interaction between a mass tourism resort and a nearby area dedicated to rural tourism. The hypotheses incorporated in this model assume that environmental values from both destinations influence tourists' motivations for visiting one or the other area. The parameters used were calibrated to reflect, in general terms, the observed patterns of visitor arrivals and the increasing volume of accommodation provided in three coastal regions in Spain, where these two forms of tourism currently co-exist. By means of a simulation model, we show that the most effective measures for the industry's long-term sustainability are related to the regulation of new building construction and the promotion of both types of destination as a single, joint regional resource.


